‫‪In The Name Of Allah‬‬

‫‪Book:‬‬
‫‪Lets Learn Matlab‬‬

‫‪By:‬‬
‫‪Ahmed Salah‬‬
‫‪Faculty Of Engineering‬‬
‫‪Electrical Eng. Department‬‬
‫‪Power & Machines Section‬‬

‫‪Email:‬‬
‫‪d1e.h4rd@yahoo.com‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﯾﺎت‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻛﺜﯿﺮات اﻟﺤﺪود‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﻻواﻣﺮ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﮫ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬اﻻﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﮫ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬اﻟﻤﺘﺠﮭﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ھﻮ أداة وﺑﯿﺌﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﺮﻣﺠﯿﺔ ﻣﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﮭﺎم اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﯿﺔ‪،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﯿﮫ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬
‫واﻟﺪوال اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺒﻨﯿﺔ داﺧﻠﯿﺎ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺴﮭﻞ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻻت اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿﺔ‪،‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﯿﺰات اﻷﺧﺮى ﺑﮫ‪.‬‬
‫===========‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻت اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﻻ اﻟﺤﺼﺮ ﻣﺎ ﯾﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﺎﻻت‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬اﻟﺮﯾﺎﺿﯿﺎت و اﻟﺤﺴﺎب‪.‬‬
 ‫‪-‬ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ واﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف وﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬اﻟﺮﺳﻮم اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﯿﺔ واﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫============‬
‫واﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻰ ارﺑﻊ اﺟﺰاء رﺋﯿﺴﯿﮫ‪:‬‬
‫اوﻻ‪Workspace :‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﻤﻰ اﻃﺎر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮫ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻓﯿﮫ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻠﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‪Command Window :‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﻤﻰ اﻃﺎر اﻻواﻣﺮ‪،‬وﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﮫ ﯾﺘﻢ إدﺧﺎل اﻷواﻣﺮ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﻤﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ )>>(‬
‫وﯾﺘﻢ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻌﺪه‪ ،‬وﺑﻤﺎ أن ﻟﻐﺔ ‪ MatLab‬ھﻲ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻣﻔﺴﺮة ‪ Interpreted‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻮر اﻻﻧﺘﮭﺎء ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺠﻨﺐ إﻇﮭﺎر اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ أﻣﺮ ﺑﺈﻟﺤﺎق اﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻔﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻃﺔ ) ; ( ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪Command History :‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﻤﻰ اﻃﺎر اﻻواﻣﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﮫ‪،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﺮض ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻷواﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﺒﻖ إدﺧﺎﻟﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻠﺴﺎت ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫راﺑﻌﺎ‪Current Directory :‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ ھﺬا اﻹﻃﺎر ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﺮض ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﻠﺪ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ واﻟﺬي ﯾﻜﻮن ﻋﺎدة‬
‫‪ C:MATLAB6p5work‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﮫ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺳﻨﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺸﻐﯿﻠﮭﺎ‪،‬ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‬
‫ﻷي ﻣﺠﻠﺪ آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح )‪ (...‬اﻟﻤﺠﺎور ﻷﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ ﻓﻲ أﻋﻠﻰ اﻹﻃﺎر‪.‬‬
‫============‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ﻛﺜﯿﺮات اﻟﺤﺪود ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﮫ‪-:‬‬

‫اﻻﻣﺮ ‪-: polyval‬‬

‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ﻛﺜﯿﺮات اﻟﺤﺪود ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﮫ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺤﺪدھﺎ‪..‬‬

‫ﻧﻔﺮض ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺼﻮره اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﮫ‪-:‬‬

‫‪x-1‬‬
‫ﻧﻜﺘﺒﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺼﻮره اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫]‪Y=[1 -1‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪-:١.‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ھﺬه اﻟﺪاﻟﮫ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪x=1‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪polyval(y,1) -:‬‬
‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﺴﺎوﯾﺎ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺮ‪..‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪-:٢.‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ھﺬه اﻟﺪاﻟﮫ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪x=4‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪polyval(y,4) -:‬‬
‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﺴﺎوﯾﺎ ‪..3‬‬

‫ﻧﻔﺮض ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﮫ اﺧﺮى ﻓﻰ اﻟﺼﻮره اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﮫ‪-:‬‬

‫‪(x^2)-(3x)+4‬‬
‫ﻧﻜﺘﺒﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺼﻮره اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫]‪Z=[1 -3 4‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪-:١.‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ھﺬه اﻟﺪاﻟﮫ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪x=1‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪polyval(z,1) -:‬‬
‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﺴﺎوﯾﺎ ‪..2‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪-:٢.‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺣﺴﺎب ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ھﺬه اﻟﺪاﻟﮫ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪x=4‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪polyval(z,4) -:‬‬
‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﺴﺎوﯾﺎ ‪..8‬‬
‫===========‬
‫اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﮫ ﻛﺜﯿﺮه اﻟﺤﺪود ﻟﺠﺬور ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﮫ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ال ‪-: matlab‬‬

‫اﻻﻣﺮ ‪-: poly‬‬

‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ اﻛﺘﺸﺎف ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﮫ ﻛﺜﯿﺮات اﻟﺤﺪود ﻟﺠﺬور ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﮫ‪..‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪-:١‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﺟﺬران ھﻤﺎ ‪ 1 -1‬واﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﻌﺮﻓﮫ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﮫ‬
‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮه اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺘﻰ ﯾﻜﻮﻧﻮھﺎ‪-:‬‬
‫اﻻول ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﺠﺬران ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮره ﻣﺘﺠﮫ ﻋﻤﻮدى‪:‬‬
‫]‪X=[1;-1‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﺴﺨﺪم ھﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ‪:‬‬
‫)‪Y=Poly(x‬‬
‫اﺧﯿﺮا ﺗﻈﮭﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻛﺜﯿﺮات اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﮫ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮره ﻣﺘﺠﮫ ﺻﻔﻰ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫]‪Y=[1 0 -1‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪-:٢‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﺟﺬور ﺛﻼث وھﻢ ‪ 2 5 7‬واﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﻌﺮﻓﮫ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﮫ‬
‫ﻛﺜﯿﺮه اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﺘﻰ ﯾﻜﻮﻧﻮھﺎ‪-:‬‬
‫اﻻول ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﺠﺬور ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮره ﻣﺘﺠﮫ ﻋﻤﻮدى‪:‬‬
‫]‪X=[2;5;7‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﺴﺨﺪم ھﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ‪:‬‬
‫)‪Y=Poly(x‬‬
‫اﺧﯿﺮا ﺗﻈﮭﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻛﺜﯿﺮات اﻟﺤﺪود اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﮫ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮره ﻣﺘﺠﮫ ﺻﻔﻰ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫]‪Y=[1 -14 59 -70‬‬
‫===========‬
‫اﯾﺠﺎد ﺟﺬور اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﮫ اﻟﻤﻌﻄﺎه ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ال‪-:matlab‬‬

‫اﻻﻣﺮ ‪-:roots‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻌﻮﯾﺾ ﺑﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﮫ اﻟﻤﻌﻄﺎه‬
‫ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻣﺴﺎوﯾﺎ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺮ اى ﺟﺬور اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﮫ‪..‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪-:١‬‬
‫]‪A=[1 -2 1‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ )‪roots(a‬‬
‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻟﻚ اﻟﺠﺬران‪-:‬‬
‫‪X=1‬‬
‫‪X=1‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪-:٢‬‬
‫]‪B=[2 -1 -1‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ‪roots(b) -:‬‬
‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻟﻚ اﻟﺠﺬران‪-:‬‬
‫‪X=-0.5000‬‬
‫‪X=1.0000‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪-:٣‬‬
‫]‪C=[6 41 -8 -7‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ‪roots(c) -:‬‬
‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻟﻚ ﺛﻼث ﺟﺬور‪-:‬‬
‫‪X=0.5000‬‬
‫‪X=-0.3333‬‬
‫‪X=-7.0000‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪-:٤‬‬
‫]‪D=[5 16 -2 -16 -3‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ‪roots(d) -:‬‬
‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻟﻚ ارﺑﻊ ﺟﺬور‪-:‬‬
‫‪X=-0.2000‬‬
‫‪X=1.0000‬‬
‫‪X=-1.0000‬‬
‫‪X=-3.0000‬‬
‫===========‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام ال ‪-: matlab‬‬

‫اﻟﯿﻚ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﺣﻠﮭﻤﺎ‪-:‬‬

‫وﻧﻜﺘﺒﮭﻢ رﯾﺎﺿﯿﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺼﻮره اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﮫ‪-:‬‬

‫اى ان‪-:‬‬

‫واﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﮫ‪-:‬‬

‫‪clc‬‬
‫‪clear‬‬
‫‪close all‬‬
‫]‪a=[1 2;2 1‬‬
‫]‪b=[5;4‬‬
‫‪z=inv(a)*b‬‬
‫)‪x=z(1‬‬
‫)‪y=z(2‬‬
‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ‪-:‬‬
‫ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﺜﻼﺛﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫‪abc‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺘﯿﻦ‪-:‬‬
‫‪x=1‬‬
‫‪y=2‬‬
‫===========‬
 ‫ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻواﻣﺮ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﮫ ‪-:‬‬
‫)‪Clear(a‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺠﺎھﻞ ﻗﯿﻤﮫ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ ‪a‬اﻟﺘﻰ ﺳﺒﻖ وﻗﺪ ادﺧﻠﺘﮭﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‪..‬‬

‫‪x=pi‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ‪ pi‬وھﻰ ﺗﻌﺎدل ‪ 3,1416‬وﻧﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﻘﯿﻤﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪..x‬‬

‫)‪y=sqrt(4‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﮫ اﻟﺠﺬر اﻟﺘﺮﺑﯿﻌﻰ ﻟﺮﻗﻢ ‪ ٤‬وھﻰ ‪ ٢‬وﻧﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪..y‬‬

‫‪1/0‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻗﺴﻤﮫ ‪ ١‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ٠‬وھﻰ ﺗﺴﺎوى ﻣﺎﻻ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﮫ وﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب ﯾﻜﻮن ‪inf‬‬

‫‪0/0‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻗﺴﻤﮫ ‪ ٠‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ٠‬وھﻰ ﺗﺴﺎوى ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﮫ وﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب ﺗﻜﻮن ‪ nan‬وھﻰ اﺧﺘﺼﺎر‬
‫ﻟﺠﻤﻠﮫ‬
‫‪. not a number‬‬
‫===========‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺮﯾﺐ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب‪-:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻣﺮﯾﻦ اﻻول ‪ ceil‬ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ اﻻﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻌﺸﺮى اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ‪ floor‬ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ اﻻﺻﻐﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﻌﺸﺮى اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ‪..‬‬

‫===========‬
‫ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺟﺰءه اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻰ ‪ ٠‬وﺟﺰءه اﻟﺘﺨﯿﻠﻰ ‪ ١‬وﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب ﻓﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﺼﻮره‪:‬‬

‫‪j‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺟﺰءه اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻰ ‪ ٠‬وﺟﺰءه اﻟﺘﺨﯿﻠﻰ ‪ ١‬وﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب ﻓﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﺼﻮره‪:‬‬

‫;‪i=3‬‬
‫‪a=1+3*i‬‬
‫ھﻨﺎ ﻟﻦ ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ ‪ i‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﮫ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮﻛﺐ واﻧﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﮫ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻘﺪاره ‪3‬‬
‫وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ ‪ a‬ﻣﺴﺎوﯾﺎ ل)ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮب ‪ ٣‬ﻣﻊ ‪ (١) + ( i‬اى ﯾﺴﺎوى ‪١٠‬‬
 ‫‪b=1+3i‬‬
‫ھﻨﺎ ﯾﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ ‪ i‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﮫ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮﻛﺐ وﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻓﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﺼﻮره‪:‬‬

‫===========‬
‫وﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻻواﻣﺮ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﮫ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻻﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﮫ‪-:‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‪-:‬‬

‫‪z=3+4i‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺮض اﻧﻨﺎ ادﺧﻠﻨﺎ ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ﺟﺪﯾﺪه ﻟﻌﺪد ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ‪ z‬وﻟﯿﻜﻦ ﺟﺰءه اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻰ ‪ 3‬وﺟﺰءه اﻟﺘﺨﯿﻠﻰ ‪. 4‬‬

‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﮫ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﯿﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫)‪Real(z‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﮫ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ‪ z‬اﻟﺬى ﺳﺒﻖ وان ادﺧﻠﺘﮫ وھﻮ ‪. 3‬‬

‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﮫ اﻟﺘﺨﯿﻠﯿﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫)‪Imag(z‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﻤﮫ اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﺘﺨﯿﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ‪ z‬اﻟﺬى ﺳﺒﻖ وان ادﺧﻠﺘﮫ وھﻮ ‪. 4‬‬

‫اﻟﺰاوﯾﮫ اﻟﻄﻮر‪-:‬‬
‫اوﻻ‪-:‬‬
‫)‪Angle(z‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮫ ﺳﮭﻠﮫ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺰاوﯾﮫ اﻟﻄﻮر ﻟﻠﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ‪ z‬واﻟﺬى ﺳﺒﻖ ان ادﺧﻠﺘﮫ وھﻰ ‪. 0.9273‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ‪-:‬‬
‫))‪Angle=atan(imag(z)/real(z‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮫ اﺧﺮى ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺰاوﯾﮫ اﻟﻄﻮر اﯾﻀﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ‪ z‬واﻟﺬى ﺳﺒﻖ ان ادﺧﻠﺘﮫ وھﻰ ‪. 0.9273‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﮫ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫)‪Abs(z‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﮫ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻘﮫ ﻟﻠﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ ‪ z‬واﻟﺬى ﺳﺒﻖ ان ادﺧﻠﺘﮫ وھﻰ ‪. 5‬‬

‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﻋﺪدﯾﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﯿﻦ‪-:‬‬

‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﮫ ﺷﺪﯾﺪه ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﻨﺠﻤﻊ )اﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺐ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ادﺧﺎﻟﮫ وھﻮ ‪( z‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ )ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ وﻟﯿﻜﻦ ‪. ( v‬‬

‫===========‬
‫ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻰ اھﻢ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﮭﺎت‪-:‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﺘﺠﮫ ﺻﻔﻰ‪-:‬‬

‫===========‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﺘﺠﮫ ﻋﻤﻮدى‪:‬‬
 ‫===========‬
‫ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﺘﺠﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫)‪Length(a‬‬
‫ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ھﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﮫ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﺘﺠﮫ واﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻮل ھﻮ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮده ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﮫ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻻول ھﻨﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﻣﺘﺠﮫ ﺻﻔﻰ‪،‬‬
‫واﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ھﻨﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﻣﺘﺠﮫ ﻋﻤﻮدى‪.‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﺿﺎﻓﮫ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‪-:‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﮫ اﻻوﻟﻰ‪-:‬‬
‫اﺿﺎﻓﮫ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺠﮫ ‪ a‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪A(11)=120‬‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫‪ A‬ھﻮ رﻣﺰ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ‪.‬‬
‫و‪ ١١‬رﻣﺰ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺬى ﺳﻨﻀﯿﻔﮫ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻧﮫ ﺳﯿﻜﻮن اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ رﻗﻢ ‪ ١١‬ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ‪.‬‬
‫و‪ ١٢٠‬رﻣﺰ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ اﻟﺬى ﺳﻨﻀﯿﻔﮫ‪.‬‬
 ‫اﻻﻣﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻼﺿﺎﻓﮫ او اﻟﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﮫ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺮض ان ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ اﺻﻼ ‪ ١١‬وارﯾﺪ ان اﺿﯿﻒ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ رﻗﻢ ‪ ١٣‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﺗﺠﺪ ان اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب‬
‫ﯾﻔﺮض ﻟﻰ ﻗﯿﻢ ب)ﺻﻔﺮ( ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺼﺮ ال ‪ ١٢‬اﺻﻼ ﻻﻧﻨﻰ ﻟﻢ ادﺧﻞ ﻟﮫ ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ﻣﺎ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﺿﺎﻓﮫ اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺘﯿﻦ‪-:‬‬
‫ارﻏﺐ ﻓﻰ اﺿﺎﻓﮫ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ اﺿﺎﻓﮫ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪى‪،‬اﻧﻈﺮ وﻃﺎﻟﻊ ﻣﺎذا ﺳﺄﻓﻌﻞ‪ :‬ﻓﻰ اول‬
‫ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮫ)اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﮫ(‪،‬وﻓﻰ ﺗﺎﻧﻰ ﻃﺮﯾﻘﮫ)اﻟﺴﺮﯾﻌﮫ(‪..‬‬
‫‪ -١‬اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﮫ اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﮫ‪ -:‬ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ھﻨﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪى اى ﺑﻤﻔﺮده‪..‬‬
‫;‪a(11)=11‬‬
‫;‪a(12)=12‬‬
‫;‪a(13)=13‬‬
 ‫‪ -٢‬اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﮫ اﻻﺳﮭﻞ‪-:‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﻣﺮه واﺣﺪه ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺿﯿﺎع اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺳﻨﺤﺪد اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻣﻦ ‪ ١١‬اﻟﻰ ‪١٣‬‬
‫وﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮره ﻣﺘﺠﮫ ﻋﻤﻮدى ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫]‪A(11:13)=[11;12;13‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪-:‬‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ ھﻨﺎ ﺳﻨﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪه ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﻛﻠﮭﺎ اﺻﻔﺎر‪..‬‬
‫]‪A(6:10)=[0;0;0;0;0‬‬
 ‫===========‬
‫ﺣﺬف ﻋﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‪-:‬‬
‫ﻟﺤﺬف ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻧﺤﺪده وﻧﺘﺮك ﻣﻜﺎﻧﮫ ﺧﺎﻟﯿﺎ ﻣﻦ دون اى ﻗﯿﻤﮫ‪..‬‬
‫] [=)‪A(10‬‬

‫===========‬
‫ﺣﺬف اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‪-:‬‬
‫ھﻨﺎ ﺳﻨﺤﺪد اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎدس ﻟﻠﻌﺎﺷﺮ وﻧﺘﺮك ﻗﯿﻤﮭﻢ ﻓﺎرﻏﮫ ﺧﺎﻟﯿﮫ ﻣﻦ اى ﻗﯿﻤﮫ‪..‬‬
‫] [=)‪A(6:10‬‬
‫===========‬
‫اﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ذو اﻟﻘﯿﻤﮫ اﻻﻛﺒﺮ‪-:‬‬
‫) (‪Max‬‬
‫داﻟﮫ اﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ذو اﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﯿﻤﮫ‪..‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ذو اﻟﻘﯿﻤﮫ اﻻﺻﻐﺮ‪-:‬‬
‫) (‪Min‬‬
‫داﻟﮫ اﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ذو اﻟﻘﯿﻤﮫ اﻻﺻﻐﺮ‪..‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‪-:‬‬
 ‫===========‬
‫اﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء اﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‪-:‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫) (‪Sum‬‬
‫داﻟﮫ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺠﮫ اﻟﻤﻌﻄﻰ‪..‬‬

‫===========‬
‫ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﯾﻠﻰ اھﻢ اﻻواﻣﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎت‪-:‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺊ ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ‪ a‬واﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‪:‬‬
 ‫وﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ اﺧﺮى ‪ b‬وﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﯾﻀﺎ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﮫ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ‪-:‬‬

‫)‪Size(a‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﮫ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ‪..‬‬
‫وﻓﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻋﺪد اﻟﺼﻔﻮف ‪ ٢‬وﻋﺪد اﻻﻋﻤﺪه ‪.. ٣‬‬

‫===========‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﮫ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺼﻔﻮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮده‪-:‬‬
‫)‪Size(a,1‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﮫ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺼﻔﻮف وﻟﯿﻜﻦ رﻣﺰه ‪a‬‬
‫وﻓﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻋﺪد اﻟﺼﻔﻮف ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ‪ a‬ھﻤﺎ ‪.. ٢‬‬

‫===========‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﮫ ﻋﺪد اﻻﻋﻤﺪه اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮده‪-:‬‬
‫)‪Size(a,2‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﮫ ﻋﺪد اﻻﻋﻤﺪه وﻟﯿﻜﻦ رﻣﺰه ‪a‬‬
‫وﻓﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺜﺎل ﺳﺘﻜﻮن ﻋﺪد اﻻﻋﻤﺪه ﻟﻠﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ‪ a‬ھﻤﺎ ‪... ٣‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﺿﺎﻓﮫ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ‪-:‬‬
‫‪b(2,5)=42‬‬
‫ﻻﺿﺎﻓﮫ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺼﻒ رﻗﻢ ‪ ٢‬واﻟﻌﻤﻮد رﻗﻢ ‪ ٥‬وﻟﯿﻜﻦ ﻣﻘﺪاره ‪ ٤٢‬اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ذو اﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪..b‬‬
 ‫===========‬
‫اﺿﺎﻓﮫ ﻋﺪه ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫]‪b(4,1:4)=[31 54 13 11‬‬
‫ﻻﺿﺎﻓﮫ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﮫ ‪ ١٢‬و ‪ ١٣‬و ‪ ١٤‬و ‪ ١٥‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﺼﻒ رﻗﻢ ‪.. ٤‬واﻻﻋﻤﺪه رﻗﻢ ‪ ١‬و ‪ ٢‬و ‪ ٣‬و ‪٤‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺘﺮﺗﯿﺐ؛ ﻻﺣﻆ ھﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻓﻰ اﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﯾﻀﺎ وﻟﯿﺲ ﻓﻰ اﻻﺿﺎﻓﮫ ﻓﻘﻂ‪..‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‪-:‬‬
‫‪b(3,1)=0‬‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻰ اﻟﺼﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ واﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻻول ﺑﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﺧﺮ ﻣﻘﺪاره ‪..0‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﺳﺘﺒﺪال ﻋﺪه ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪-:‬‬
‫‪b(1:2,1:3)=0‬‬
‫ﻟﺠﻌﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮده ﻓﻰ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺼﻒ اﻻول واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ؛ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻻول واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎوﯾﮫ ﺟﻤﯿﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺮ‪..‬‬

‫===========‬
‫ﺣﺬف ﺻﻒ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪-:‬‬
 ‫][=)‪b(3,:‬‬
‫ﻟﺤﺬف اﻟﺼﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻛﻠﮫ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ذو اﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪..b‬‬

‫===========‬
‫ﺣﺬف ﻋﻤﻮد ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪-:‬‬
‫][=)‪b(:,4‬‬
‫ﻟﺤﺬف اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ ﻛﻠﮫ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ذو اﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪..b‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اواﻣﺮ اﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫)‪b(1,3‬‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﻰ اﻟﺼﻒ اﻻول واﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪.‬‬

‫)‪b(1,:‬‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء اﻟﺼﻒ اﻻول ﻛﻠﮫ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬

‫)‪b(:,2‬‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻠﮫ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬

‫)‪b(1:2,:‬‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء اﻟﺼﻒ اﻻول واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬

‫)‪b(:,1:2‬‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻻول واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬

‫)‪b(2,end‬‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻻﺧﯿﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺼﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‪.‬‬

‫===========‬
 ‫اﯾﺠﺎد اﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫ﻟﺪﯾﻨﺎ ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ﺟﺪﯾﺪه ‪ a‬وﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‪:‬‬

‫واﻻن‪:‬‬
‫)‪b=max(a‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻋﻤﺪه اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ﯾﺎﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب اﻛﺒﺮ رﻗﻢ ﻓﯿﮫ وﯾﻀﻊ اﻻرﻗﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺘﻰ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮره ﻣﺘﺠﮫ وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﻌﻄﻰ اﻣﺮ اﺧﺮ‬
‫)‪c=max(b‬‬
‫ﻟﯿﻌﻄﻰ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻛﺒﺮ رﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‪.‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﯾﺠﺎد اﺻﻐﺮ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫)‪b=min(a‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻋﻤﺪه اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ﯾﺎﺧﺬ اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب اﺻﻐﺮ رﻗﻢ ﻓﯿﮫ وﯾﻀﻊ اﻻرﻗﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺘﻰ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮره ﻣﺘﺠﮫ وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﻌﻄﻰ اﻣﺮ اﺧﺮ‬
‫)‪c=min(b‬‬
‫ﻟﯿﻌﻄﻰ ﻟﻨﺎ اﺻﻐﺮ رﻗﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ‪.‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪-:‬‬
‫)‪b=sum(a‬‬
‫ﻻﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻛﻞ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻋﻤﺪه اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪى وﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮره ﻣﺘﺠﮫ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
‫وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻣﺮ اﺧﺮ وھﻮ‬
 ‫)‪c=sum(b‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ﻛﻜﻞ‪.‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﯾﺠﺎد ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮب اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪-:‬‬
‫)‪b=prod(a‬‬
‫ﻻﯾﺠﺎد ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮب ﻛﻞ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻋﻤﺪه اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪى وﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮره ﻣﺘﺠﮫ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ‬
‫وﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻣﺮ اﺧﺮ وھﻮ‬
‫)‪c=prod(b‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ﻛﻜﻞ‪.‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﯾﺠﺎد ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫)‪z=diag(a‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ‪ a‬ﻓﻰ ﺻﻮره ﻋﻤﻮد ﻧﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ ‪.z‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫))‪w=sum(diag(a‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ‪ a‬وﻟﯿﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب رﻣﺰه ‪.w‬‬

‫اﯾﺠﺎد ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ‪-:‬‬

 ‫))‪s=prod(diag(a‬‬
‫ﻟﻨﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ‪ a‬وﻟﯿﻜﻦ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ اﻟﻀﺮب اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب رﻣﺰه ‪.s‬‬

‫===========‬
‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ اﻟﺴﺤﺮﯾﮫ‪-:‬‬
‫)‪q=magic(3‬‬
‫ﻻﻧﺘﺎج ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ﻋﺪد ﺻﻔﻮﻓﮭﺎ ﯾﺴﺎوى ﻋﺪد اﻋﻤﺪﺗﮭﺎ ﯾﺴﺎوى ‪ ٣‬ﻣﺜﻼ‪..‬‬

‫)‪q=magic(9‬‬
‫ﻻﻧﺘﺎج ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﮫ ﻋﺪد ﺻﻔﻮﻓﮭﺎ ﯾﺴﺎوى ﻋﺪد اﻋﻤﺪﺗﮭﺎ ﯾﺴﺎوى ‪ ٩‬ﻣﺜﻼ‪..‬‬

‫===========‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪-:‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻈﻠﯿﻞ واﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﮫ اﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‪-:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻﻣﺮﯾﻦ ‪ area‬و ‪. trapz‬‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ‪-:‬‬
‫)‪ Area(x,y‬ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ھﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ اﻟﺘﻈﻠﯿﻞ‪.‬‬
‫)‪ Trapz(x,y‬ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ھﺬا اﻻﻣﺮ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ اﯾﺠﺎد اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﮫ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ‪.‬‬
‫وﻟﻨﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻦ ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺠﯿﺐ‪-:‬‬
‫‪clc‬‬
‫‪clear‬‬
‫‪close all‬‬
‫;)‪x=(0:0.1:10‬‬
‫;)‪y=sin(x‬‬
‫;)‪area(x,y‬‬
‫;)‪trapz(x,y‬‬
 ‫)'‪xlabel('x axis‬‬
‫)'‪ylabel('y axis‬‬
‫‪grid‬‬
‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪-:‬‬

‫وﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﮫ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﺣﮫ اﺳﻔﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﮭﺎ ﻧﺠﺪھﺎ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪-:‬‬

‫===========‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻣﺤﻮرﯾﻦ‪-:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻﻣﺮ ‪. axis‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ﯾﻮﺿﺢ ذﻟﻚ‪-:‬‬
‫‪clc‬‬
‫‪clear‬‬
‫‪close all‬‬
‫)]‪axis([-10,10,-10,10‬‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ‪-:‬‬
‫اﻗﻞ ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺴﯿﻨﺎت ھﻰ ‪-10‬‬
‫اﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺴﯿﻨﺎت ھﻰ ‪10‬‬
‫اﻗﻞ ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺼﺎدات ھﻰ ‪-10‬‬
‫اﻛﺒﺮ ﻗﯿﻤﮫ ﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺼﺎدات ھﻰ ‪10‬‬
‫وﯾﺘﻀﺢ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪-:‬‬

‫===========‬
‫ﻻدﺧﺎل ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﻌﯿﻨﮫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻤﺎوس‪-:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪-:‬‬
‫‪Clc‬‬
 ‫‪Clear‬‬
‫‪Close all‬‬
‫‪Hold on‬‬
‫)]‪Axis([-10,10,-10,10‬‬
‫)‪[x y]=Ginput(6‬‬
‫)‪Plot(x,y‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﻻﺑﺪ اوﻻ ادﺧﺎل اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ hold on‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻨﻘﺎط اﻟﺘﻰ ﺳﻨﺤﺪدھﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﺘﻰ ﺳﻨﺮﺳﻤﮭﺎ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﯾﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﯾﻦ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﮫ اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ axis‬وﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﺪى ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﻢ وھﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪ ١٠-‬اﻟﻰ ‪..١٠‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﯾﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ٦‬ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎوس ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﮫ اﻻﻣﺮ ) (‪.. ginput‬‬
‫‪-٤‬ﯾﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﺧﯿﺮا ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﮫ اﻻﻣﺮ ‪.. plot‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﺷﻜﺎل ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺤﯿﮫ‪-:‬‬

‫===========‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب ﻓﻰ رﺳﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺠﯿﺐ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪-:‬‬
‫‪clc‬‬
‫‪clear‬‬
‫‪close all‬‬
‫;)‪X=(0:0.1:10‬‬
‫;)‪Y=sin(x‬‬
‫;)‪Plot(x,y‬‬
‫;)'‪Xlabel('x axis‬‬
‫;)'‪Ylabel('y axis‬‬
‫;)'‪Title('the sine wave graph by a.salah‬‬
‫‪Grid‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﺸﺮح‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬اول ﺛﻼث ﺳﻄﻮر ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ھﻢ ﺛﻼث اواﻣﺮ ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﯾﺒﺪأ ﺑﮭﻢ اى ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺢ ﻋﺎم‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻟﯿﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ ‪ x‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻻﻓﻘﻰ وﻗﯿﻤﮫ ﺗﺘﺮاح ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 0‬اﻟﻰ ‪.. 10‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ‪ step‬ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ ‪ 0.1‬ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ اﻟﺪﻗﮫ اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪه ﻓﻰ اﺧﺬ اﻟﻘﺮاءات‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻟﯿﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ ‪ y‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ plot‬ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪..‬واﻻﻣﺮ ‪ grid‬ﯾﻘﺘﺮن ﺑﮫ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ وﺿﻊ ﺷﺒﻜﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ xlabel‬ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ ﺗﺴﻤﯿﮫ ﻣﺤﻮر ‪ x‬اﻻﻓﻘﻰ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ ylabel‬ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ ﺗﺴﻤﯿﮫ ﻣﺤﻮر ‪ y‬اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ title‬ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻠﺮﺳﻢ‪..‬‬
‫===========‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺎﺗﻼب ﻓﻰ رﺳﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺠﯿﺐ‪-:‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪-:‬‬
‫‪clc‬‬
‫‪clear‬‬
‫‪close all‬‬
‫;)‪X=(0:0.1:10‬‬
‫;)‪Y=cos(x‬‬
‫;)‪Plot(x,y‬‬
‫;)'‪Xlabel('x axis‬‬
‫;)'‪Ylabel('y axis‬‬
‫;)'‪Title('the cose wave graph by a.salah‬‬
‫‪Grid‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﺸﺮح‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬اول ﺛﻼث ﺳﻄﻮر ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ھﻢ ﺛﻼث اواﻣﺮ ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﯾﺒﺪأ ﺑﮭﻢ اى ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺢ ﻋﺎم‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻟﯿﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ ‪ x‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻻﻓﻘﻰ وﻗﯿﻤﮫ ﺗﺘﺮاح ﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ 0‬اﻟﻰ ‪.. 10‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ‪ step‬ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻘﺪارھﺎ ‪ 0.1‬ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ اﻟﺪﻗﮫ اﻟﺸﺪﯾﺪه ﻓﻰ اﺧﺬ اﻟﻘﺮاءات‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﻟﯿﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﯿﺮ ‪ y‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ plot‬ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪..‬واﻻﻣﺮ ‪ grid‬ﯾﻘﺘﺮن ﺑﮫ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ وﺿﻊ ﺷﺒﻜﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٦‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ xlabel‬ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ ﺗﺴﻤﯿﮫ ﻣﺤﻮر ‪ x‬اﻻﻓﻘﻰ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٧‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ ylabel‬ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ ﺗﺴﻤﯿﮫ ﻣﺤﻮر ‪ y‬اﻟﺮأﺳﻰ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٨‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ title‬ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ وﺿﻊ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻟﻠﺮﺳﻢ‪..‬‬
‫===========‬
‫رﺳﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺠﯿﺐ وﺟﯿﺐ اﻟﺘﻤﺎم‬
‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﺮﺳﻤﺘﯿﻦ ﻓﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ واﺣﺪ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪-:‬‬
‫‪clc‬‬
‫‪clear‬‬
‫‪close all‬‬
‫;)‪x=(0:0.1:10‬‬
‫;)‪y=sin(x‬‬
‫;)‪z=cos(x‬‬
‫‪hold on‬‬
‫)'*‪plot(x,y,'r‬‬
‫)'*‪plot(x,z,'g‬‬
‫)'‪legend('sine wave','cose wave‬‬
‫‪grid‬‬
‫‪hold off‬‬
‫;)'‪xlabel('x axis‬‬
‫;)'‪ylabel('y axis & z axis‬‬
‫;)'‪title('the sine & cose wave graph by a.salah‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﺸﺮح‪-:‬‬
‫‪-١‬ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻﻣﺮﯾﻦ ‪ hold on‬و ‪ hold off‬وﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻢ اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ plot‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬
‫وﻣﻘﺘﺮﻧﺎ ﺑﮫ اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ grid‬اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺒﻜﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪...‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ دﻣﺞ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ واﺣﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‪..‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻻﺣﻆ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ legend‬ﻟﻠﺘﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻮان اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﯿﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮﻣﮫ‪..‬‬
‫===========‬
‫رﺳﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺠﯿﺐ وﺟﯿﺐ اﻟﺘﻤﺎم‬
‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻛﻞ رﺳﻤﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪى‪-:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪-:‬‬
‫‪clc‬‬
‫‪clear‬‬
 ‫‪close all‬‬
‫;)‪x=(0:0.1:10‬‬
‫;)‪y=sin(x‬‬
‫;)‪z=cos(x‬‬
‫;)‪plot(x,y‬‬
‫;)'‪xlabel('x axis‬‬
‫;)'‪ylabel('y axis‬‬
‫;)'‪title('the sine wave graph by a.salah‬‬
‫‪grid‬‬
‫‪figure‬‬
‫;)‪plot(x,z‬‬
‫;)'‪xlabel('x axis‬‬
‫;)'‪ylabel('y axis‬‬
‫;)'‪title('the cose wave graph by a.salah‬‬
‫‪grid‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﺸﺮح‪-:‬‬
‫ﺗﻢ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ figure‬ﻣﻦ اﺟﻞ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﯾﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻤﮫ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﮫ ﻓﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ اﺧﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ اﻧﮫ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻨﻔﯿﺬ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﻮب ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺗﺎن‪-:‬‬
‫اﻻول ‪ figure.1‬وﻋﻨﻮاﻧﮫ ‪...sine wave graph‬‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‪ figure.2‬وﻋﻨﻮاﻧﮫ ‪..cose wave graph‬‬
‫وﺑﮭﺬا ﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﻞ رﺳﻤﮫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪى اى ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﯿﻦ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﻤﺎ‪..‬‬
‫===========‬
‫رﺳﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺘﻲ اﻟﺠﯿﺐ وﺟﯿﺐ اﻟﺘﻤﺎم‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﯿﻦ ﻓﻰ رﺳﻤﮫ واﺣﺪه‪-:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪-:‬‬
‫‪clc‬‬
‫‪clear‬‬
‫‪close all‬‬
‫;)‪x=(0:0.1:10‬‬
‫;)‪y=sin(x‬‬
‫;)‪z=cos(x‬‬
‫)‪subplot(1,2,1‬‬
‫)‪plot(x,y‬‬
‫;)'‪xlabel('x axis‬‬
‫;)'‪ylabel('y axis‬‬
‫;)'‪title('the sine wave graph by a.salah‬‬
‫‪grid‬‬
‫)‪subplot(1,2,2‬‬
‫)‪plot(x,z‬‬
‫;)'‪xlabel('x axis‬‬
‫;)'‪ylabel('z axis‬‬
‫;)'‪title('the cose wave graph by a.salah‬‬
‫‪grid‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﺸﺮح‪-:‬‬
‫ﺗﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮرﺗﯿﻦ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﯿﻦ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻰ رﺳﻤﮫ واﺣﺪه ﺗﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺻﻒ واﺣﺪ وﻋﻤﻮدﯾﻦ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ‪..‬‬
‫وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻﻣﺮ ) ‪ subplot(1,2,‬اﻟﻌﺪد اﻻول ﯾﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺼﻔﻮف اى واﺣﺪ‬
‫واﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﯾﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻌﺪد اﻻﻋﻤﺪه وھﻢ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ‪..‬‬
‫او‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻋﻤﻮد واﺣﺪ وﺻﻔﯿﻦ اﺛﻨﯿﻦ‪..‬‬
 ‫وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻻﻣﺮ ) ‪ subplot(2,1,‬اﻟﻌﺪد اﻻول ﯾﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺼﻔﻮف اى اﺛﻨﯿﻦ‬
‫واﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﯾﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻌﺪد اﻻﻋﻤﺪه اى واﺣﺪ‪..‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﯾﺘﺒﻊ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺼﻔﻮف وﻋﺪد اﻻﻋﻤﺪه اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ اﻟﺬى ﯾﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﮫ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺼﻒ او اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬
‫اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮر‪..‬‬
‫===========‬
‫رﺳﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺘﻲ اﻟﺠﯿﺐ وﺟﯿﺐ اﻟﺘﻤﺎم‬
‫ﻣﻊ داﻟﮫ اﺳﯿﮫ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﯿﻦ ﻓﻰ رﺳﻤﮫ واﺣﺪه‪-:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪-:‬‬
‫‪clc‬‬
‫‪clear‬‬
‫‪close all‬‬
‫;)‪x=(0:0.1:10‬‬
‫;)‪y=sin(x‬‬
‫;)‪z=cos(x‬‬
‫;)‪v=exp(x‬‬
‫)‪subplot(3,1,1‬‬
‫)‪plot(x,y‬‬
‫;)'‪xlabel('x axis‬‬
‫;)'‪ylabel('y axis‬‬
‫;)'‪title('the sine wave graph by a.salah‬‬
‫‪grid‬‬
‫)‪subplot(3,1,2‬‬
‫)‪plot(x,z‬‬
‫;)'‪xlabel('x axis‬‬
‫;)'‪ylabel('z axis‬‬
‫;)'‪title('the cose wave graph by a.salah‬‬
‫‪grid‬‬
‫)‪subplot(3,1,3‬‬
‫)‪plot(x,z‬‬
‫;)'‪xlabel('x axis‬‬
‫;)'‪ylabel('v axis‬‬
‫;)'‪title('the exp curve graph by a.salah‬‬
‫‪grid‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﺸﺮح‪-:‬‬
‫ﺗﻢ ادراج اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ subplot‬ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﻣﺮ ‪ plot‬وﯾﺤﺘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ‪-:‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻻول ﯾﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﻰ ﻋﺪد اﻟﺼﻔﻮف وﻟﺘﻜﻦ ‪٣‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ ﯾﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻰ ﻋﺪد اﻻﻋﻤﺪه وﻟﯿﻜﻦ ‪١‬‬
‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﯾﺸﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺮﺳﻤﮫ اﻟﻤﺬﻛﻮره ﺳﻮاء ﺗﻜﻦ اﻻوﻟﻰ اى اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﮫ او اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﮫ‪..‬‬
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‫ﺗﻢ ﺑﺤﻤﺪ اﷲ‪،،،‬‬