Manual Pipesoft-2 1

Pipesoft-2
Multi-Phase Fluid Flow Network Simulator
Manual 1
Producing System Group

IHS Energy Group LLC.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a
commitment on the part of IHS Energy Group. The software described in this document is
furnished under a license agreement. The software may be used or copied only in accordance
with the terms of the agreement. It is against the law to copy the software on any medium except
as specifically allowed in the license agreement. No part of this manual may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
recording, for any purpose without the written permission of IHS Energy Group.
© Copyright IHS Energy Group 2001. All rights reserved.
IHS Energy Group can be reached at:
18333 Preston Rd, Suite 300

Richardson, TX 75052
Telephone: 800/527-7756
FAX: 972/783-0058
Microsoft, MS, MS-DOS, MS Windows, are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.
Netware is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc.
Chevron is a registered trademark of Chevron Corporation.
ii  2001 IHS Energy Group

Table of Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction
About PipeSoft-2 ................................................................................................................. 3
Simulator Features ............................................................................................................... 4
Chapter 2
Getting Started
System Requirements .......................................................................................................... 9
Road Map to Documentation............................................................................................... 9
Chapter 3
Tutorial
Introduction......................................................................................................................... 15
Single Stream...................................................................................................................... 16
Network .............................................................................................................................. 25
Chapter 4
Data Preparation
Overview............................................................................................................................. 43
Format................................................................................................................................. 44
Single Flow Data Requirements
Black-Oil Multi-Phase ........................................................................................... 45
Black-Oil Multi-Phase (Gas Lift Analysis) ........................................................... 46
Gas Condensate Multi-Phase................................................................................. 47
Single-Phase Fluids ............................................................................................... 48
Steam Multi-Phase................................................................................................. 49
Compositional Multi-Phase ................................................................................... 50
Network Data Requirements
Black Oil Multi-Phase ........................................................................................... 51
Gas Condensate Multi-Phase................................................................................. 52
Single Phase Fluids................................................................................................ 53
Steam Multi-Phase................................................................................................. 54
Compositional Multi-Phase ................................................................................... 55
 2001 IHS Energy Group iii

Chapter 5
Input Forms
A1 General Controls for Multi-Phase Non-Compositional Modeling ........................ 59
A2 Non-Compositional Black Oil PVT Tables........................................................... 64
A3 Non-Compositional Black Oil PVT Polynomials.................................................. 66
A4 Non-Compositional Gas Condensate PVT Tables ................................................ 68
A6 General Controls for Single Phase Non-Compositional Modeling ....................... 70
A7 General Controls for Compositional Modeling ..................................................... 74
A8 Multiple Data Sets ................................................................................................. 77
A9 PVT Report Controls (Black Oil only).................................................................. 79
A10 Non-Compositional Black Oil Non-Newtonian Option ........................................ 81
A11 Non-Compositional Gas Condensate Non-Newtonian Option.............................. 83
P1 PVT Table Generation RDLM Program................................................................ 85

P2 PVT Table Generation RKSS Program ................................................................. 89
P3 PVT Table Generation PENG Program................................................................. 91
S1 Single Stream Traverse Non-Compositional Modeling......................................... 93

S2 Single Stream Traverse Compositional Modeling................................................. 97
S3 Gas Lift Analysis Non-Compositional Modeling................................................. 101
S4 Single Stream Calibration Calculations................................................................ 105
S5 Well Analysis........................................................................................................ 107
S6 Time-Varying Behavior Reservoir-Production System........................................ 111
B1 Link Flow Devices................................................................................................ 113

B2 Gas Lift Analysis Well Device Description ......................................................... 115
B3 Link Special Flow Devices................................................................................... 117
B5 Link Special Flow Devices................................................................................... 119
F1 Network Node Data Oil field Units ...................................................................... 121

F2 Network Node Data Mass Flow Rate Units Compositional Modeling ................ 123
N1 Network Controls.................................................................................................. 125
FT-1 Flow Table Controls (PipeSoft generated) ........................................................... 127

FT-2 User-Input Tables ................................................................................................. 129
iv  2001 IHS Energy Group

Chapter 6
Data Records
General Controls
ALOC (Production Allocation) ............................................................................ 141
BASE .................................................................................................................... 143
DBUG (Debug Reports) ....................................................................................... 143
DBUG S................................................................................................................ 144
DBUG N ............................................................................................................... 144
DBUG L................................................................................................................ 145
DFLT (User Specified Default Values)................................................................ 146
NSUM (Node Summary) ...................................................................................... 146
PVT1..................................................................................................................... 147
PVT2..................................................................................................................... 148
PVTC .................................................................................................................... 149
REPT (Report Controls) ....................................................................................... 149
REPT S ................................................................................................................. 150
REPT N................................................................................................................. 151
REPT L ................................................................................................................. 153
REPT P ................................................................................................................. 153
REPT Q................................................................................................................. 154
SYST..................................................................................................................... 155
TITL (Title) .......................................................................................................... 156
TRAV (Pressure Traverse Increments) ................................................................ 157
TRAV 1 ................................................................................................................ 157
TRAV 2 ................................................................................................................ 158
TRAV 3 ................................................................................................................ 158
Fluid Property Description

PVT3 (Black Oil Correlations)............................................................................. 159
PVT4 (Adjusted Black Oil Correlations) ............................................................. 160
PVT5..................................................................................................................... 162
PVT6 (Polynomial PVT Data) ............................................................................. 162
PVT7 (Tabular PVT Data) ................................................................................... 164
PVT8 (Condensate Correlation) ........................................................................... 167
PVT9 (non-Newtonian Viscosity) ........................................................................ 168
PVTG (Single Phase Gas) .................................................................................... 169
PVTL (Single Phase Liquid) ................................................................................ 171
PVTR .................................................................................................................... 172
PVTW ................................................................................................................... 173
 2001 IHS Energy Group v

Device Data
ANLS (Annulus)................................................................................................... 178
CHEK (Check Valve) ........................................................................................... 181
CHOK (Choke) ..................................................................................................... 182
COMP (Compressor) ............................................................................................ 183
FTGK (Fitting) ..................................................................................................... 185
GVAL (Gas Lift Valve)........................................................................................ 186
LINK..................................................................................................................... 187
PIPE (Pipe Card)................................................................................................... 188
PUMP (Pump)....................................................................................................... 193
PVSQ (P vs. Q)..................................................................................................... 195
RISR (Riser) ......................................................................................................... 196
REGL (Regulator) ................................................................................................ 198
SEPR (Separator).................................................................................................. 199
TBNG (Tubing) .................................................................................................... 200
TEE (Tee Junction)............................................................................................... 203
XCH1 (Heat Exchanger)....................................................................................... 204
ZONE (Multi Producing Zone)............................................................................. 205
Single Flow Stream Runs

CALB.................................................................................................................... 206
CHSZ .................................................................................................................... 207
GLOP & GLO4 (Gas Lift Analysis)..................................................................... 208
GLCC.................................................................................................................... 208
INFL (Inflow Performance) MODWELL Controls.............................................. 212
PRES (Given Rate, Calculate Pressure) ............................................................... 214
RATE (Given Pressure, Calculate Rate) .............................................................. 216
RSIM (Reservoir Simulator)................................................................................. 218
RTAB.................................................................................................................... 218
TMPF (Fluid Temperature) .................................................................................. 220
TMPG (Ground Temperature).............................................................................. 220
WSTE ................................................................................................................... 221
WTES (Well Test) ................................................................................................ 222
Network Runs
General Rules........................................................................................................ 224
Node Data ............................................................................................................. 226
INTR (Internal Node) .............................................................................. 226
RSVR (Reservoir Node) .......................................................................... 226
SINK (Sink Node) ................................................................................... 229
SORS (Source Node)............................................................................... 229
Network Controls.................................................................................................. 231
DYNR (Dyner-Method)........................................................................... 231
NETC (Network Control) ........................................................................ 232
PBAL ....................................................................................................... 233
QBAL ...................................................................................................... 234
vi  2001 IHS Energy Group

Multiple Data Sets
Overview............................................................................................................... 237
CASE .................................................................................................................... 238
MODS................................................................................................................... 238
Flow Tables
TABL.................................................................................................................... 239
FTAB .................................................................................................................... 240
FRTE (Rate).......................................................................................................... 241
FPRS (Pressure).................................................................................................... 241
FGOR (GOR)........................................................................................................ 241
FWCT (Water Cut) ............................................................................................... 242
FGLT (Gas Lift Rates) ......................................................................................... 242
FWHP (Wellhead Pressure).................................................................................. 242
FWHT (Wellhead Temperature) .......................................................................... 242
Single Stream Examples.................................................................................................. 243
Chapter 7
Program Output
How to Analyze Results ................................................................................................... 247
Pressure Profile.................................................................................................................. 249
Velocity Profile.................................................................................................................. 253
Heat Transfer Coefficient .................................................................................................. 257
Gas Lift Analysis Summary
Option 2 ................................................................................................................ 261
Option 3 ................................................................................................................ 263
Option 4 ................................................................................................................ 265
Inflow Performance Coefficient Calculation..................................................................... 267
Fluid Property .................................................................................................................... 269
Link Summary ................................................................................................................... 271
Link Results ....................................................................................................................... 273
Node Results...................................................................................................................... 275
Node Summary .................................................................................................................. 277
Well Report........................................................................................................................ 279
Time-Varying Behavior ..................................................................................................... 283
Node/Link Correspondence ............................................................................................... 287
Detail Traverse................................................................................................................... 289
Flow Trace ......................................................................................................................... 293
Fluid Property Trace .......................................................................................................... 295
Node/Link Elevation.......................................................................................................... 297
Internal Loop...................................................................................................................... 299
Production Allocation........................................................................................................ 301
Slug Size Prediction........................................................................................................... 303
Device Summary................................................................................................................ 305
 2001 IHS Energy Group vii

Wood Group ESP Pump Curve...................................................................................... 309
Chapter 8
Structure and Logic
Overview
Input Processing.................................................................................................... 313
Simulators ............................................................................................................. 314
Single Flow Stream
Introduction........................................................................................................... 317
Pressure Traverse Algorithm ................................................................................ 317
Calculation Options .............................................................................................. 321
Heat Loss Calculations ......................................................................................... 333
Network
Introduction........................................................................................................... 341
DYNER Solution Technique ................................................................................ 344
Newton-Raphson Solution Techniques ................................................................ 344
Property Averaging............................................................................................... 347
Well Shut-In Logic ............................................................................................... 349
PVT Analysis
Fluid Property Description ................................................................................... 350
Dynamic Compositional Modeling....................................................................... 363
PVT Table Generation.......................................................................................... 367
Steam .................................................................................................................... 370
Flow Tables
Introduction........................................................................................................... 374
Well Flow Tables.................................................................................................. 375
Downstream Flow Tables ..................................................................................... 378
User Input Flow Tables ........................................................................................ 381
Reservoir Simulator Flow Tables ......................................................................... 381
In-Well Blowout Kill Simulation ...................................................................................... 382
Reservoir Simulator Interface............................................................................................ 384
Flow Correlations .............................................................................................................. 385
Appendix A Input/Output units

Appendix B References
Index
viii  2001 IHS Energy Group

Chapter 1
Introduction
This chapter contains an overview of PipeSoft-2 which discusses

the general system capabilities and provides a brief description of
the application features.
• About PipeSoft-2
• Simulator Features
2  2001 IHS Energy Group
About PipeSoft-2
Description PipeSoft-2 is a highly sophisticated steady state pressure flow simulator

for single or multi-phase fluid flow piping systems. It represents a
computerized mathematical description of the fluid flow laws within a
production or injection system consisting of common wellbore and
surface equipment.
The powerful robustness of the system can handle problems ranging

from a single pipe link to a complex network with hundreds of junction
points. It’s calculation module can also link dynamically with numerical
reservoir simulators to simulate an entire oil field.
PipeSoft-2 supports the most widely used techniques for network

simulation so that the results are fast and accurate. Users have the
flexibility to select from a variety of techniques or use program default
values which provide the most accurate results with minimal user input.
PipeSoft-2 also boasts a variety of features that define it as a

comprehensive tool for efficient system modeling:
• Fluid Types
• Calculation Options
• Flow Tables
• Pressure Correlations
• Devices
• Fluid Property Description
• PVT Tables
• Reports
• Graphical display for both Links and Networks
History PipeSoft-2 is based on the product PIPEFLOW-2  developed by

Chevron Petroleum Technology Company and is provided under a
license from Chevron Research and Technology Company to IHS
Energy Group.
Structure PipeSoft-2, version 3 is a 32-bit program that can be run on Windows

95/98/ME/NT/2000 Operation Systems. It also incorporates features that
allow existing “Power Users” to continue to use the familiar “card-type”
input files and formats.
 2001 IHS Energy Group 3

Simulator Features
Fluid Types PipeSoft-2 can model the following fluid types:
• Black Oil (multi-phase oil, water, and gas)

• Condensate (multi-phase condensate, water, and gas)
• Steam (multi-phase water and water vapor)
• Single-Phase Gas
• Single-Phase Liquid
• Carbon dioxide
• Compositional
Calculation Options PipeSoft-2 has two Equations of State that allow modeling of various
fluid types. Pipesoft-2 recognizes a pipe system simulation as either a
single flow stream or network run with further distinction made between
compositional and non-compositional modeling.
Single-flow stream
A combination of devices, connected in series, through which fluid may
flow. This combination is recognized as a flow link. A single flow
stream simulation involves only one link.
Below are some typical single-stream simulation capabilities:

• Calculate the pressure drop through a length of pipe.
• Calculate flow rate for a known pressure drop.
• Find well capacity against wellhead or flowline outlet pressure.
• Tubing, casing, and pipeline sizing.
• Calculating well productivity indices (well testing).
• Single well production forecasting.
• Submersible pump design and analysis.
• Gas lift design and analysis.
• Well Bore Analysis.
Network
Any branched or parallel combination of flow links.
Below are some typical network simulation capabilities:

• Model existing gathering systems to locate system bottlenecks.
• Determine the effect of separator conditions on system capacity.
• Determine the overall effect of planned system modifications.
• Improve design of new systems by rapidly evaluating network
response under various conditions.
• Determine the combined effect of wellbore and surface facilities
on reservoir performance (using a reservoir simulator interface).
• Allocate known total system production to individual wells.
• Model a blowout well to compute the required kill rate and
horsepower.

Simulator Features
Flow Tables PipeSoft-2 can automatically generate and store a set of pressure-flow
tables as functions of varying gas and water fluid ratios for all flow
links. This feature reduces solution time in network simulations and can
provide substantial savings on large studies.
Pressure Loss PipeSoft-2 offers the most widely used methods for single-phase and
Correlations multi-phase pressure drop calculations such as:
Angel-Welchon Ros Ashford

Aziz Beggs-Brill
Dukler-Flanigan Duns-Ros
Darcy-Weisbach Eaton-Dukler-Flanigan
Fundamental Flow Fortunati
Gray Hagedorn-Brown
Hazen-Williams Lockhart-Martinelli
TUFFP Mechanistic Panhandle B Gas
Orkiszewski Weymouth Gas
Devices PipeSoft-2 supports the following devices:
Well Tubing Gas Lift Valves

Well Annulus Regulators
Surface Pipelines User-Defined Pressure vs. Rate Functions
Compressors Check Valves
Pumps Separators
Risers Heat Exchangers
Chokes Multiple Producing Zones
Fittings
Fluid Property PipeSoft-2 provides the flexibility to calculate hydrocarbon fluid

Description properties for compositional and non-compositional fluids. Using the
fluid composition, PipeSoft-2 is able to predict vapor-liquid equilibrium
and transport properties.
PVT Tables PipeSoft-2 can generate a report showing values of key fluid properties
as functions of pressure and temperature. This helps to verify that the
PVT information entered in the program will result in a sufficiently
accurate prediction of fluid behavior in the flow simulation.
Reports Various reports can be extracted from the simulation which can either
provide a high-level summary of the simulation or detail data of the
program calculations concerning links and devices.
Graphs Different properties such as pressure, temperature, velocities, etc can be

viewed using graphs at both the link and system levels.

Chapter 2
Getting Started
This chapter helps you get started with PipeSoft-2 by guiding you
through installation onto your PC or LAN. It also provides an
initial understanding of the input and output files that are used
during a simulation. The Road Map to Documentation is included
to help you understand the organization of information and
maneuver efficiently through the manual.
• System Requirements
• Installation
• Naming Conventions
• Road Map to Documentation

Road Map to Documentation
Hardware/Software PipeSoft-2 requires the following hardware & software configuration:
• An X86 Class Computer Processor that is equivalent to an Intel Pentium II 300 mhz with a
minimum of 32 MB memory. (Minimum Microsoft Windows Requirements)
• Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000 Operating System
This manual has been organized to provide information quickly to both

first-time users and users familiar with the program.
Chapter Overviews Each chapter provides pertinent information about a certain aspect
of
PipeSoft-2.
Chapter 1 Contains an overview of PipeSoft-2 which discusses the

general system capabilities and provides a brief
description of the application features.
Chapter 2 Helps you get started with PipeSoft-2. It also provides

an initial understanding of the input and output files
used during a simulation.
Chapter 3 Provides step-by-step procedures to perform sample

simulation runs for single stream and network problems.
Topics range from selecting the appropriate input forms
to expanding or modifying the model.
Chapter 4 Contains matrices which outline the data required to

perform simulations according to the fluid composition
and run type.
Chapter 5 Contains input forms which are the primary reference

source when preparing data sets. This section is
intended for users who are familiar with the program
and terminology.
Chapter 6 Describes each data record in detail including a listing

and description of fields, input options, and default
values. The records are organized by functionality and
alphabetized within each functional group.

Chapter 7 Contains sample reports and a description of the data

elements contained on each report.
Chapter 8 Discusses the high-level theory behind calculation

methods used to process the simulation.


Chapter 3
Tutorial
This chapter contains step-by-step instructions for modeling a
simple single-stream and network problem. Topics range from
selecting the appropriate input forms to expanding or modifying
the model.
• Single Stream
• Network

Tutorial
Introduction
An integral part of performing a successful simulation with PipeSoft-2 is
creating a robust data set that resembles the desired pipeline system.
The PipeSoft-2 manual includes several tools that help in the creation
process such as data requirement matrices, input forms, data record
descriptions, and sample output reports. Understanding the significance
of these tools and the order in which they are used insures a successful
simulation.
The following steps are necessary to create a data set and process
information, regardless of the type of run:
ê Select the appropriate input forms.

ê Identify the required records.
ê Create the data file.
ê Run PipeSoft-2 using the data.
ê Correct errors and rerun, as needed.
ê Interpret results.
ê Expand or modify the model.
This chapter contains step by step instructions for simulating a basic

single stream and network problem using the steps outlined above.

Tutorial
Single Flow Stream Example

Objective For this example, we will first determine pressure, temperature, and two
phase characteristics of a simple black oil 3" flowline, as shown in
Figure 3.1. Afterwards we will connect a well to the flowline (see
Figure 3.10).
Figure 3.1 Single Flow Stream Example
Given Information The following wellhead data is given:
Q = 1400 BPOD
GOR = 790 SCF/BL
Water Cut = 14%
ID (STDWT) = 3.068
Gravity = 33°API
Separator Gas Gravity = .75
Separator Water Gravity = 1.03
Gas Contaminants = unknown
Inlet Temperature = 165°F
ê Select the Appropriate Input Forms:
1. In Chapter 4, locate the matrix for Single Flow Stream Black Oil
Multi-Phase Modeling.
Model descriptions are The categories of information required for black oil multi-phase modeling are:
usually categorized into
three types of data:
• General Controls
Controls - what to do and • Traverse Controls
what methods to employ • PVT Correlations
PVT data - fluid • Pressure/Rate/Temperature Calculations
characterization • Link Device Information
Physical description - pipes,
pumps, tubing, etc. 2. Identify the input forms where this information is specified:
A1.1, S1.1, and B1
Chapter 4 also lists the records which must be included in the data set.

Tutorial
ê Identify the Required Records:
Chapter 5 contains a sample of each input form including records and

their associated fields. Various notes and descriptions of the fields is
included in this chapter, however, refer to Chapter 6 for more detail.
Gray shaded areas on forms
describe whether records 1. Locate form A1.1 in Chapter 5.
are required, optional, or
limited to special situations.
2. Note the required records:
• TITL, SYST, BASE, and PVT2

These records are required for all multi-phase, non-
compositional modeling.
• PVT3
Required for this particular black oil problem.
3. Locate form S1.1.
• TRAV 1, 2, or 3
• PRES or RATE
In our example, we need to calculate a pressure traverse so we
will use the PRES record.
A LINK record is not
required for single flow
stream runs. PipeSoft-2 5. Locate form B1. This form is used to enter the physical description
assigns a standard name, of the problem.
"FROMTO" for the link.
ê Create the Data File:
1. Open a text editor.
2. Save the file as examp1.ps2 in your working directory.
All data files must be saved with a .ps2 extension to run PipeSoft-2.
3. Refer back to form A1.1 and enter the required fields so that your
text editor file resembles Figure 3.2. Make sure all record names are
capitalized and data fields are separated by one or more blanks.

Tutorial
TITL Example 1 Simple Pipe Traverse

SYST SS 2 0 0
BASE 14.7 60 80
PVT2 1 1 1
Figure 3.2 Basic Control Information
Establishing a standard 4. Enter the PVT3 record and complete the associated fields so that
numbering system which your text editor file resembles Figure 3.3.
corresponds with your
laboratory data is helpful in
case you need to reference The PVT data set number can be any number from 01 to 98. Use "01".
the data again.
Select the TUFFP methods for solution GOR, formation volume factor, and oil
viscosity methods to keep the problem simple. Normally, a
correlation is selected after considerable thought. When laboratory
data is available, using PVT tables is recommended over using
correlations, although it is often necessary to estimate system
performance with minimal data.

SYST SS 2 0 0
BASE 14.7 60 80
PVT2 1 1 1
PVT3 01 1 1 1 33 .75 1.03 0 0 0
Figure 3.3 Basic PVT Data Added
3. Refer to form S1.1. For our example, we want to calculate a

pressure from a known rate by segmenting the pipeline into 100 foot
increments. This requires the TRAV 2 record.
4. For the calculation method we can select from three PRES records.
Use the PRES 1 record since we are calculating outlet pressure
given an inlet flow and pressure.
At this stage, your text editor file should resemble Figure 3.4.

SYST SS 2 0 0
BASE 14.7 60 80
PVT2 1 1 1
PVT3 01 1 1 1 33 .75 1.03 0 0 0
TRAV 2 100 100 50
PRES 1 1 1400 14 790 450 165
Figure 3.4 Traverse Control Information Added

Tutorial
The only remaining task is describing the physical system. Our example
consists of a single length of pipe of fixed internal diameter which
accounts for one device.
5. Refer to form B1. Enter the PIPE record with the given
information:
Sequence Code = S01

Flow Code = BM
Inside Diameter = 3.068
Length = 2200
Elevation Change = 0
Efficiency = 1.0
Heat Loss = 2.2
Absolute Roughness = .00015
At this stage, your text editor file should resemble Figure 3.5.

SYST SS 2 0 0
BASE 14.7 60 80
PVT2 1 1 1
PVT3 01 1 1 1 33 .75 1.03 0 0 0
TRAV 2 100 100 50
PRES 1 1 1400 14 790 450 165
PIPE S01 BM 3.068 2200 0 1.0 2.2 .00015
Figure 3.5 Physical System Added
6. Save your data and exit the text editor.
ê Run PipeSoft-2 Using the Data:
To continue, PipeSoft-2 must be properly installed. For help on

installation, refer to Chapter 2.
1. Select Start Menu , Producing Systems Group, PipeSoft2 icon.

2. After starting PipeSoft2 open your example file from the directory
that contains the data file, examp1.ps2.
Summary messages appear on the screen relaying the status of the simulation.
This example has been
designed to run without These messages vary with the version and installation.
error. If you encountered The input processor reports the number and type of errors encountered.
errors, check your data file
against Figure 3.5 and rerun
before continuing.
3. View the results in the new PipeSoft2 GUI

Print the results. Make sure that your printer is set to landscape
mode or able to cover 132 character width reports.

Tutorial
4. Compare results with the model. Note that traverse results appear
in 100 foot increments because of specifications set on the TRAV
record.
ê Correct Errors and Rerun, as needed:
Our previous run did not encounter any errors. In order to view an error
message we will manipulate our original data file.
1. Open the text editor and access examp1.ps2.
2. Place an asterisk in front of the PRES record. The asterisk

"comments out" this line and causes PipeSoft-2 to ignore any
data on the line see Figure 3.7.
3. Change the heat transfer coefficient on the PIPE record from

2.2 to 2200.
The data file should resemble Figure 3.6.

SYST SS 2 0 0
BASE 14.7 60 80
PVT2 1 1 1
PVT3 01 1 1 1 33 .75 1.03 0 0 0
TRAV 2 100 100 50
*PRES 1 1 1400 14 790 450 165
PIPE S01 BM 3.068 2200 0 1.0 2200 .00015
Figure 3.6 Data File with Errors

Tutorial

*
* Note that an asterisk in the first character position of a * record will cause the
entire record to be ignored by
* PipeSoft-2. This is very useful for annotating data.
*
* Run Output Plot Units
* Type Type Option
SYST SS 2 0 0
*
* Base Base Ambient
* Pres. Temp. Temp.
BASE 14.7 60 80
*
* Total
* Gas Liquid
* Z-Factor Viscosity Viscosity
* Method Method Method
PVT2 1 1 1
*
* PVT GOR FVF OilVis Gas H2O
* # Meth Meth Meth API Grav ppm 0 CO2 H2S N2
PVT3 01 1 1 1 33 .75 1.03 0 0 0 0
*
* Hor. Vert. Steps
* DL DL Max
TRAV 2 100 100 50
*
* Calc. Oil Water Form. Strt Strt
* Dir Rate Cut GOR Pres Temp
* BOPD % CFPB psig degF
*PRES 1 1 1400 14 790 450 165
*
* Heat
* Dev Flow Inside Length Elev. Eff. Loss Abs.
* Seq Code Diam. Feet Diff. Fact. Coef Rough.
PIPE S01 BM 3.068 2200 0 1.0 2.2 .00015
Figure 3.7 Commenting Out Data
4. Save the file as examp2.ps2.
5. Repeat the steps in the previous section to run this data file.
Substitute examp1.ps2 with examp2.ps2.

Tutorial
Again, PipeSoft-2 displays summary messages relaying the status of

the simulation. Among these messages is a message similar to the
one displayed in Figure 3.8.
In general, the run aborts when encountered with fatal errors.
Itemized messages indicating why the run failed are displayed.
PipeSoft-2 also creates an error message file with the same name as
the input file except with a .msg extension. This file contains details
of each non-fatal condition and some fatal errors depending on their
severity.
PipeSoft-2 makes every attempt to complete running the data

regardless of errors, however, unrecoverable errors or irregularities
in the data may cause the run to abort. One cause of a fatal error
may be a discrepancy with default information specified on the
DFLT record (see Chapter 6).
In the example above, the absence of the PRES record caused the
run to abort. When correcting errors, attend to the fatal errors which
appear on the screen first and then consult the error message file for
more details.
THERE WERE 1 FATAL ERRORS AND 1 NON-FATAL CONDITIONS

ENCOUNTERED PROCESSING THE INPUT STREAM.
RUN ABORTED. FATAL ERROR MESSAGES FOLLOW.
INCORRECT OR MISSING "PRES", "RATE", OR "CALB" CARD IN INPUT
Figure 3.8 Input Processing Messages
ê Interpret Results:
The Pressure Profile report in Figure 3.6 provides sufficient basic

elements to determine system performance. More reports can be
generated by increasing the Output Type on the SYST record.
As an exercise, change the Output Type on the SYST record to "5", run
the program, and view the results. In addition to a Pressure Profile
report, the simulation generates a Velocity report, plots, and a copy of
the input data file (without comments). Additional report options are
also available on the REPT record (see Chapter 6).

Tutorial
ê Expand or Modify the Model:
Objective The basic single stream model can be manipulated to model a series of
diverse elements. To show this, we will connect a well to the inlet of the
original flowline model. This new example is shown in Figure 3.9.
Figure 3.9 Connected Well
The well consists of a tapered tubing string, that deviates below 2050
feet.
Productivity index (PI) = 1.75

Reservoir pressure = 2850 psig
Reservoir temperature = 200 °F
We want to evaluate the combined performance of the well-flowline

system, and calculate pressure drop from the reservoir to the end of the
flowline.
1. Open the text editor and access examp1.ps2.
2. Refer to form B1. Enter two TBNG records with the given field
information:
TBNG 1
Sequence Code = W01
Flow Code = BM
Measured Depth = 7875
True Vert. Depth = 6410
Efficiency Factor = 1.0
Heat Loss Coefficient = 2.2
Geothermal Gradient = 1.872
TBNG 2

Tutorial
Sequence Code = W02

Flow Code = BM
Measured Depth = 2050
True Vert. Depth = 2050
Efficiency Factor = 1.0
Heat Loss Coefficient = 2.2
Geothermal Gradient = 1.872
3. Refer to form S1.1. Enter an INFL record.
4. Change the start pressure on the PRES record from 2200 to

2850psig and the start temperature from 165° to 200°F.
5. Save the file as examp3.ps2.
Your data file should resemble Figure 3.10.
TITL Example 1 Simple Well/Flowline Traverse

SYST SS 2 0 0
BASE 14.7 60 80
PVT2 1 1 1
PVT3 01 1 1 1 33 .75 1.03 0 0 0 0
TRAV 2 100 100 50
PRES 1 1 1400 14 790 2850 200
INFL 1 1.75
TBNG W01 BM 1.995 7875 6410 1.0 2.2 .00015 1.872
TBNG W02 BM 2.441 2050 2050 1.0 2.2 .00015 1.872
PIPE S01 BM 3.068 2200 0 1.0 2.2 .00015
Figure 3.10 Expanded Model
6. Close the text editor and open a DOS window.
7. At the prompt, type PS2 examp3 and press Enter.
The output reports from the simulation are at the end of the single stream
tutorial.
Any number of devices can be added in this fashion, provided that there
is only one inlet and one outlet (except for gas lift). We recommend that
you experiment with other features using this example as a foundation.
Once you understand how to assemble single flow stream data, you can
create network data following a straightforward extension of this same
process.

Tutorial
Network Example
Objective For this example, we want to determine the maximum production
capacity of a black oil gathering system. The problem is shown in Figure 3.11.
It is helpful to always
draw a diagram of the Two wells, XXW001 and XXW002 connect via flowlines to trunkline XXT001
system before creating the that delivers the commingled production to the gas-oil separator at node GOSP.
data set.
Figure 3.11 Network Example
Given Information The components of the system are:
Well XXW001 Reservoir Pressure = 2450 psig

Formation GOR = 320
Water Cut = 5%
Inflow Performance = 62 Bbl/day/psi
Formation Temperature = 160 °F
Oil Gravity = 25.1 °API
Gas Gravity = 1.12
Water Gravity = 1.0
Contaminants:
CO2 = .88%
N2 = .35%
Tubing:
Inside Diameter = 4.25"
Measured Depth = 5099ft
True Vertical Depth = 5099ft
Overall heat transfer, U = 2.9BTU/hr-ft2°F
Roughness = .0004ft
Geothermal Gradient = 1.67 °F/100ft
Flowline:
Inside Diameter = 9.75in
Length = 7000ft
Elevation Change = +100ft (up)
Roughness = .0004ft
Well XXW002 Reservoir Pressure = 2500 psig

Formation GOR = 365
Water Cut = 3%
Inflow Performance = 28 Bbl/day/psi
Formation Temperature = 160 °F
Oil Gravity = 28.4 °API
Gas Gravity = 0.97
Water Gravity = 1.0
Contaminants:
CO2 = .53%
N2 = .26%
Tubing:
Inside Diameter = 4.25"
Measured Depth = 5958ft
True Vertical Depth = 5268ft
Roughness = .0004ft
Geothermal Gradient = 1.61 °F/100ft
Flowline:
Inside Diameter = 7.625in
Length = 4500ft
Elevation Change = +50ft (up)
Roughness = .0004ft
Trunkline XXT001 First Segment:

Inside Diameter = 10.625 in
Length = 5000 ft
Elevation Change = +200 ft (up)
Overall heat transfer, U = 3.0 BTU/hr-ft2°F
Roughness = .0004 ft
Second Segment:
Inside Diameter = 12.625 in
Length = 6000 ft
Elevation Change = 0 ft (up)
Overall heat transfer, U = 3.0 BTU/hr-ft2°F
Roughness = .0004 ft
Gas-Oil Separator Operating Pressure = 80 psig
Ambient Conditions Ambient Temperature = 75 °F

Tutorial
Piping system is dry and above ground.
To keep things simple, the model contains a single TBNG and PIPE to
represent the vertical and horizontal elements. Usually, more elements
are required to adequately describe the system, but the number of data
elements are minimized to clearly understand the modeling process.
ê Select the Appropriate Input Forms:
1. In Chapter 4, locate the matrix for Black Oil Multi-Phase Network

Modeling.
The categories of information required for black-oil multi-phase network

modeling are:
• General Controls
• Network Solution Controls
• Traverse Controls
• PVT Correlations
• Link
• Devices
• Node Data
2. Identify the input forms where the information is specified:
A1.1, N1, B1, and F1
Chapter 4 also lists the records which must be included in the data set.
ê Identify the Required Records:
Chapter 5 contains a sample of each input form including records and

their associated fields. Various notes and descriptions of the fields is
included in this chapter, however, refer to Chapter 6 for more detail.
1. Locate form A1.1 in Chapter 5.
• TITL, SYST, BASE, PVT2

• PVT3
Two PVT3 records are needed for this problem, one for each
well fluid. If the problem contained adjacent wells with the
same fluid properties, we would only need one PVT3 record.
3. Locate form N1.
• NETC, TRAV 1, 2, or 3
• PBAL
PBAL is usually the optimal method requiring the least CPU
time (and the least input data). QBAL is the most general, but
requires much more CPU time and can be more difficult to use
with unusual situations. DYNR is very efficient for tree net-
works like this one and is shown in a later section
ê Create the Data File:
1. Open a text editor.
2. Save the file as examp1.ps2 in your working directory.
All data files must be saved with a .ps2 extension to run PipeSoft-2.
3. Refer back to form A1.1 and enter the required fields so that your
text editor file resembles Figure 3.2. Make sure all record names are
capitalized and data fields are separated by one or more blanks.
We have taken the first choices on the PVT2 record for Z-factor, gas
viscosity and total liquid viscosity, but different choices may be more
appropriate for other circumstances (see Chapter 8).
4. Enter the PVT data for each well using the PVT3 record. Assign a
unique PVT data set number to each record. These data set numbers
link PVT data with fluid streams entering the network later. For our
example assign 07 and 09.
Remember:
• PVT data set number can be any number from 01 to 98.

• Blank lines are ignored by PipeSoft-2.
• Any comments may be inserted by first entering an asterisk.
At this stage, your data should look like Figure 3.12.

Tutorial
TITL EXNW1.PS2: Simple Pipe Network Example
SYST NW 1
BASE 14.7 60 75
PVT2 1 1 1
PVT3 09 1 1 1 28.4 .97 1.0 0 0.53 0.0 0.26

PVT3 07 1 1 1 25.1 1.12 1.0 0 .88 0.0 .35
Figure 3.12 Basic PVT Data Added
5. Refer to form N1. Enter the required data on the NETC record and
place the record immediately after the PVT2 record.
Only the first three fields of the NETC record are important to this
problem. Leave the remainder blank to use defaults. For this
problem, we arbitrarily picked 45 as a maximum number of
iterations. For larger, computationally intensive problems, it is
recommended to reduce the number of iterations until you build
some experience with your model.
6. Enter pressure traverse information on the TRAV 1 record. For our

example, we have selected 10 psi segments for horizontal flow, and
100 psi segments for vertical flow.
It is important to confirm that the pressure traverse increment size is

sufficiently small to ensure accuracy. Such confirmations usually
occur during individual well performance analysis before attempting
to assemble a network model. Note where the TRAV record is
placed in the data set in Figure 3.13. It is recommended to have
controls first, fluid characterization next, followed by mechanical
and connectivity information.

SYST NW 1
BASE 14.7 60 75
PVT2 1 1 1
NETC 3 2 45
TRAV 1 10 100
PVT3 09 1 1 1 28.4 .97 1.0 0 0.53 0.0 0.26

PVT3 07 1 1 1 25.1 1.12 1.0 0 .88 0.0 .35
Figure 3.13 Traverse Control Information Added
7. Select the PBAL network solution technique on the NETC record.
8. Enter the Absolute Pressure Convergence Tolerance on the PBAL

record where the absolute pressure imbalance is no greater than 1 psi
at any node.
At this stage your data should resemble Figure 3.14.

SYST NW 1
BASE 14.7 60 75
PVT2 1 1 1
NETC 3 2 45
TRAV 1 10 100
PBAL 1
PVT3 09 1 1 1 28.4 .97 1.0 0 0.53 0.0 0.26

PVT3 07 1 1 1 25.1 1.12 1.0 0 .88 0.0 .35
Figure 3.14 Network Solution Technique Added
9. Refer to form B1. Use the information provided in the beginning of

the network problem to enter link and device information.
If you completed the Single Flow Stream tutorial, you will already
be familiar with the data on this form, except for the LINK record
and entering a link name on each device record.
Networks are described in terms of links and nodes where nodes

represent physical points in space where flow converges or diverges,
or enters or leaves the system. Links describe how the nodes are
interconnected. Each link in turn is an ordered collection of devices.
We recommend that you organize your data in groups of devices

following their corresponding LINK record. This way, if you wish
to isolate a link for Single Flow Stream studies, you can copy data
for an individual link and its devices into a Single Flow Stream data
set without an further manipulation.
Tutorial
At this stage, your data should resemble Figure 3.15.

SYST NW 1
BASE 14.7 60 75
PVT2 1 1 1
NETC 3 2 45
TRAV 1 10 100
PBAL 1
PVT3 09 1 1 1 28.4 .97 1.0 0 0.53 0.0 0.26

PVT3 07 1 1 1 25.1 1.12 1.0 0 .88 0.0 .35
LINK XXW001 B001 G001

TBNG XXW001 W0001 BB 4.25 5099 5099 1.0 2.9 0.00040 1.67
PIPE XXW001 S0001 BB 9.750 7000 100 1.0 3.0 0.0004

TBNG XXW002 W0001 BB 4.25 5958 5268 1.0 2.9 0.00040 1.61
PIPE XXW002 S0001 BB 7.625 4500 50 1.0 3.0 0.0004
LINK XXT001 G001 GOSP

PIPE XXT001 S0001 BB 10.625 5000 200 1.0 3.0 0.0004
PIPE XXT001 S0002 BB 12.625 6000 0 1.0 3.0 0.0004
Figure 3.15 Physical System Added
10. Refer to form F1.
There are four types of nodes:
INTR - allows no flow in or out of the network, defines points in

space where flow converges or diverges.
SINK - allows flow out of the system.
SORS - allows flow into the system and expects to be associated

with pvt data and temperature necessary to define the
thermodynamic state of the fluid entering.
RSVR - special SORS node that models well performance data.

SORS nodes can connect more than one link, RSVR nodes can only
be attached to one link.
Note: A question mark follows the unknown flow or pressure starting
guess. If the pressure or flow is known for this problem statement, leave
this field blank. Only one unknown is acceptable for each node in the
system. For instance, our example contains four nodes, so the data set
includes four unknowns, each marked by a question mark. We want to
calculate the interior pressure at G001, and the flow rates at both wells
and the GOSP.
For more details on network modeling rules, see Chapter 8 Structure and
Logic.
At this stage your data should resemble Figure 3.16.

SYST NW 1
BASE 14.7 60 75
PVT2 1 1 1
NETC 3 2 45
TRAV 1 10 100
PBAL 1
PVT3 09 1 1 1 28.4 .97 1.0 0 0.53 0.0 0.26

PVT3 07 1 1 1 25.1 1.12 1.0 0 .88 0.0 .35

TBNG XXW001 W0001 BB 4.25 5099 5099 1.0 2.9 0.00040 1.67
PIPE XXW001 S0001 BB 9.750 7000 100 1.0 3.0 0.0004

TBNG XXW002 W0001 BB 4.25 5958 5268 1.0 2.9 0.00040 1.61
PIPE XXW002 S0001 BB 7.625 4500 50 1.0 3.0 0.0004

PIPE XXT001 S0001 BB 10.625 5000 200 1.0 3.0 0.0004
PIPE XXT001 S0002 BB 12.625 6000 0 1.0 3.0 0.0004
RSVR B001 2450 15000 ? 7 160 320 5 1 62.0

RSVR B002 2500 19000 ? 9 160 365 3 1 28.0
INTR G001 200 ? 0
SINK GOSP 80 -30000 ?
Figure 3.16 Node Information Added
Tutorial
ê Run PipeSoft-2 Using the Data:
To continue, PipeSoft-2 must be properly installed. For help on

installation, refer to Chapter 2.
1. Open a DOS window.
2. Make sure your target directory contains the data file, exnw1.ps2.
At the prompt, type PS2 exnw1 and press Enter.
This example has been Summary messages appear on the screen relaying the status of the simulation.
designed to run without These messages vary with the version and installation.
error. If you encountered
errors, check your data file The input processor reports the number and type of errors encountered.
against Figure 3.17 and
rerun before continuing. PipeSoft-2 creates an output file with the same name as the input file except with
a .prn extension (i.e., exnw1.prn). The output file consists of PipeSoft-2 standard
reports and other reports specified on the SYST record (see reports
at the end of the Network tutorial).
3. View the results in a browsing utility such as LIST and Windows

Text Editor.
OR
Print the results. Make sure that your printer is set to landscape
mode or able to cover 132 character width reports.
4. Compare results with the model. Since we selected the minimum

output option on the SYST record only the LINK RESULTS report
is generated. You can increase the detail of reports by selecting an
option that provides additional reports or by including a REPT
record in the data set.
ê Correct Errors and Rerun, as needed:
Our previous run did not encounter any errors. In order to view an error
message we will manipulate our original data file.
1. Open the text editor and access exnw1.ps2.
2. Place an asterisk in front of the INTR record. The asterisk

"comments out" this line and causes PipeSoft-2 to ignore any data on
the line.
The data file should resemble Figure 3.17.

SYST NW 1
BASE 14.7 60 75
PVT2 1 1 1
NETC 3 2 45
TRAV 1 10 100
PBAL 1
PVT3 09 1 1 1 28.4 .97 1.0 0 0.53 0.0 0.26

PVT3 07 1 1 1 25.1 1.12 1.0 0 .88 0.0 .35

TBNG XXW001 W0001 BB 4.25 5099 5099 1.0 2.9 0.00040 1.67
PIPE XXW001 S0001 BB 9.750 7000 100 1.0 3.0 0.0004

TBNG XXW002 W0001 BB 4.25 5958 5268 1.0 2.9 0.00040 1.61
PIPE XXW002 S0001 BB 7.625 4500 50 1.0 3.0 0.0004

PIPE XXT001 S0001 BB 10.625 5000 200 1.0 3.0 0.0004
PIPE XXT001 S0002 BB 12.625 6000 0 1.0 3.0 0.0004
RSVR B001 2450 15000 ? 7 160 320 5 1 62.0

RSVR B002 2500 19000 ? 9 160 365 3 1 28.0
*INTR G001 200 ? 0
SINK GOSP 80 -30000 ?
Figure 3.17 Data File with Errors
3. Save the file as exnw2.ps2.
4. Repeat the steps in the previous section to run this data file.
Substitute exnw1.ps2 with exnw2.ps2.
Again, PipeSoft-2 displays summary messages relaying the status of

the simulation. Among these messages are a messages similar to
those displayed in Figure 3.18.
In general, the run aborts when encountered with fatal errors.

Itemized messages indicating why the run failed are displayed.
PipeSoft-2 also creates an error message file with the same name as
the input file except with a .msg extension. This file contains details
of each non-fatal condition and some fatal errors depending on their
severity.
Tutorial
PipeSoft-2 makes every attempt to complete running the data
regardless of errors, however, unrecoverable errors or irregularities
in the data may cause the run to abort. One cause of a fatal error
may be a discrepancy with default information specified on the
DFLT record (see Chapter 6).
In the example above, the absence of the INTR record caused the
run to abort. When correcting errors, attend to the fatal errors which
appear on the screen first and then consult the error message file for
more details. Also note that one error triggered several related error
messages.
THERE WERE 3 FATAL ERRORS AND 0 NON-FATAL CONDITIONS

ENCOUNTERED PROCESSING THE INPUT STREAM.
RUN ABORTED. FATAL ERROR MESSAGES FOLLOW.
FOLLOWING NODE IS LISTED IN LINK DATA, BUT NO NODE CARD

FOR IT APPEARED.
G001
NO. OF NODES READ ON LINK CARDS DOES NOT AGREE WITH

NO. OF NODE CARDS READ.
NO. NODES FROM LINKS= 4 NO. NODES READ= 3
NUMBER OF UNKNOWNS DOES NOT AGREE WITH NO. OF NODES.

NO. NODES= 4 UNK. FLOWS= 3 UNK. PRES.= 0 UNK. NCES= 0
Figure 3.18 Input Processing Messages
ê Interpret Results:
The Link Results report provides sufficient basic results to determine

system performance. More reports can be generated by increasing the
Output Type on the SYST record.
As an exercise, change the Output Type on the SYST record to "5", run
the program, and view the results. In addition to a Link Results report,
the simulation generates link, node, well, input summaries and detailed
Pressure Profile reports for each link in the system. Additional report
options are also available on the REPT record (see Chapter 6).
ê Expand or Modify the Model:
The base model can be easily modified to accommodate new elements or

different conditions. For example, we can connect another well to the
field with the same characteristics as XXW002 between the first and
second segment of the existing trunkline and named, XXW003.
1. Open the text editor and access exnw1.ps2.
2. Edit the file by adding a new INTR node called A001, a new link
called XXT002, and connect XXT001 to XXT002.
3. Save the file as exnw3.ps2.
Your data file should resemble Figure 3.19.
TITL EXNW3.PS2: Expanded Simple Pipe Network Example

SYST NW 2
BASE 14.7 60 75
PVT2 1 1 1
NETC 3 2 45
TRAV 1 10 100
PBAL 1
PVT3 09 1 1 1 28.4 .97 1.0 0 0.53 0.0 0.26

PVT3 07 1 1 1 25.1 1.12 1.0 0 .88 0.0 .35

TBNG XXW001 W0001 BB 4.25 5099 5099 1.0 2.9 0.00040 1.67
PIPE XXW001 S0001 BB 9.750 7000 100 1.0 3.0 0.0004

TBNG XXW002 W0001 BB 4.25 5958 5268 1.0 2.9 0.00040 1.61
PIPE XXW002 S0001 BB 7.625 4500 50 1.0 3.0 0.0004
LINK XXT001 G001 A001

PIPE XXT001 S0001 BB 10.625 5000 200 1.0 3.0 0.0004
LINK XXT002 A001 GOSP

PIPE XXT002 S0002 BB 12.625 6000 0 1.0 3.0 0.0004
RSVR B001 2450 15000 ? 7 160 320 5 1 62.0

RSVR B002 2500 19000 ? 9 160 365 3 1 28.0
INTR G001 200 ? 0
INTR A001 150 ? 0
Tutorial
SINK GOSP 80 -30000 ?
Before adding the new well, run exnw3.ps2. The results should be very
close to identical, since the problem definition is still the same.
6. Close the text editor.
7. Open a DOS window.
8. At the prompt, type PS2 exnw3 and press Enter.
9. Add the new well by copying well XXW002's LINK and device
records.
10. Change the link name from XXW002 to XXW003 on the LINK
record and device records, and change the "to" node from G001 to
A001 and the "from" node from B002 to B003.
11. Add node B003 by copying node B002 information and changing the
node name.
Your new data should look like Figure 3.20.
12. Run the new model again. The results should show that there is
sufficient capacity in the existing trunkline to handle the new
production due to excellent planning. In reality, the results may not
be achieved so smoothly, although, most model adjustments are
similar to the process outlined here. Once wells and trunklines are
duplicated, parameters such as depths, inside diameters, and lengths
are easily adjusted.
SYST NW 2
BASE 14.7 60 75
PVT2 1 1 1
NETC 3 2 45
TRAV 1 10 100
PBAL 1
PVT3 09 1 1 1 28.4 .97 1.0 0 0.53 0.0 0.26

PVT3 07 1 1 1 25.1 1.12 1.0 0 .88 0.0 .35

TBNG XXW001 W0001 BB 4.25 5099 5099 1.0 2.9 0.00040 1.67
PIPE XXW001 S0001 BB 9.750 7000 100 1.0 3.0 0.0004

TBNG XXW002 W0001 BB 4.25 5958 5268 1.0 2.9 0.00040 1.61
PIPE XXW002 S0001 BB 7.625 4500 50 1.0 3.0 0.0004
LINK XXW003 B003 A001

TBNG XXW003 W0001 BB 4.25 5958 5268 1.0 2.9 0.00040 1.61
PIPE XXW003 S0001 BB 7.625 4500 50 1.0 3.0 0.0004

PIPE XXT001 S0001 BB 10.625 5000 200 1.0 3.0 0.0004

PIPE XXT002 S0002 BB 12.625 6000 0 1.0 3.0 0.0004
RSVR B001 2450 15000 ? 7 160 320 5 1 62.0

RSVR B002 2500 19000 ? 9 160 365 3 1 28.0
RSVR B003 2450 15000 ? 7 160 320 5 1 62.0
INTR G001 200 ? 0
INTR A001 150 ? 0
SINK GOSP 80 -30000 ?
ê Try DYNR:
Earlier, we mentioned that this model is ideal for the DYNR solution
technique. DYNER is an alternative network solution method that is
very efficient. It is applicable to networks that have one link connected
to a single SINK node and have no loops (i.e., "tree" type network).
Tutorial
1. To use the DYNER method, change the solution method on the
NETC record from 2 to 0, and replace the PBAL record with a
DYNR record as shown in Figure 3.21.

SYST NW 2
BASE 14.7 60 75
PVT2 1 1 1
NETC 3 0 45
TRAV 1 10 100
DYNR 1 1
PVT3 09 1 1 1 28.4 .97 1.0 0 0.53 0.0 0.26

PVT3 07 1 1 1 25.1 1.12 1.0 0 .88 0.0 .35

TBNG XXW001 W0001 BB 4.25 5099 5099 1.0 2.9 0.00040 1.67
PIPE XXW001 S0001 BB 9.750 7000 100 1.0 3.0 0.0004

TBNG XXW002 W0001 BB 4.25 5958 5268 1.0 2.9 0.00040 1.61
PIPE XXW002 S0001 BB 7.625 4500 50 1.0 3.0 0.0004
LINK XXW003 B003 A001

TBNG XXW003 W0001 BB 4.25 5958 5268 1.0 2.9 0.00040 1.61
PIPE XXW003 S0001 BB 7.625 4500 50 1.0 3.0 0.0004

PIPE XXT001 S0001 BB 10.625 5000 200 1.0 3.0 0.0004

PIPE XXT002 S0002 BB 12.625 6000 0 1.0 3.0 0.0004
RSVR B001 2450 15000 ? 7 160 320 5 1 62.0

RSVR B002 2500 19000 ? 9 160 365 3 1 28.0
RSVR B003 2450 15000 ? 7 160 320 5 1 62.0
INTR G001 200 ? 0
INTR A001 150 ? 0
SINK GOSP 80 -30000 ?
Figure 3.21 Using the DYNER Method
There are a number of control parameters that you can adjust to improve
performance, but in most cases you need only concern yourself with
convergence tolerances. For our example, we selected tolerances that
are comparable to those used in the PBAL method.
Tutorial
2. Rerun the model with the DYNR method.
The results do not match exactly, because the two methods are quite
different in their approaches and arrive at the solution from different
directions. Also note how much faster DYNR is over PBAL. This
can become significant with large networks, so DYNR should be
kept in mind as a useful alternative.
QBAL can be run in a similar fashion. You will find that it requires the
most computer time.

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Pipesoft-2

Multi-Phase Fluid Flow Network Simulator

Producing System Group

© Copyright IHS Energy Group 2001. All rights reserved.

IHS Energy Group can be reached at:

18333 Preston Rd, Suite 300

Microsoft, MS, MS-DOS, MS Windows, are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.

Netware is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc.

Chevron is a registered trademark of Chevron Corporation.

ii  2001 IHS Energy Group

 2001 IHS Energy Group iii

P1 PVT Table Generation RDLM Program................................................................ 85

S1 Single Stream Traverse Non-Compositional Modeling......................................... 93

B1 Link Flow Devices................................................................................................ 113

F1 Network Node Data Oil field Units ...................................................................... 121

N1 Network Controls.................................................................................................. 125

FT-1 Flow Table Controls (PipeSoft generated) ........................................................... 127

iv  2001 IHS Energy Group

Fluid Property Description

 2001 IHS Energy Group v

Single Flow Stream Runs

vi  2001 IHS Energy Group

Single Stream Examples.................................................................................................. 243

 2001 IHS Energy Group vii

Appendix A Input/Output units

viii  2001 IHS Energy Group

This chapter contains an overview of PipeSoft-2 which discusses

Description PipeSoft-2 is a highly sophisticated steady state pressure flow simulator

The powerful robustness of the system can handle problems ranging

PipeSoft-2 supports the most widely used techniques for network

PipeSoft-2 also boasts a variety of features that define it as a

History PipeSoft-2 is based on the product PIPEFLOW-2  developed by

Structure PipeSoft-2, version 3 is a 32-bit program that can be run on Windows

 2001 IHS Energy Group 3

Fluid Types PipeSoft-2 can model the following fluid types:

• Black Oil (multi-phase oil, water, and gas)

Below are some typical single-stream simulation capabilities:

Below are some typical network simulation capabilities:

4  2001 IHS Energy Group

Angel-Welchon Ros Ashford

Devices PipeSoft-2 supports the following devices:

Well Tubing Gas Lift Valves

Fluid Property PipeSoft-2 provides the flexibility to calculate hydrocarbon fluid

Graphs Different properties such as pressure, temperature, velocities, etc can be

 2001 IHS Energy Group 5

• Road Map to Documentation

 2001 IHS Energy Group 7

Hardware/Software PipeSoft-2 requires the following hardware & software configuration:

• Microsoft Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000 Operating System

This manual has been organized to provide information quickly to both

Chapter 1 Contains an overview of PipeSoft-2 which discusses the

Chapter 2 Helps you get started with PipeSoft-2. It also provides

Chapter 3 Provides step-by-step procedures to perform sample

Chapter 4 Contains matrices which outline the data required to

Chapter 5 Contains input forms which are the primary reference

Chapter 6 Describes each data record in detail including a listing

 2001 IHS Energy Group 9

Chapter 7 Contains sample reports and a description of the data

Chapter 8 Discusses the high-level theory behind calculation

10  2001 IHS Energy Group

 2001 IHS Energy Group 11

12  2001 IHS Energy Group

ê Select the appropriate input forms.