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CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Mitesh M. Khapra
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Acknowledgements
Andrej Karpathy Video Lecture on Visualization and Deep Dream∗
∗
Visualization, Deep Dream, Neural Style, Adversarial Examples
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Module : Visualizing patches which maximally activate
a neuron
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
55
27
23
11
11 9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
11 5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Input
Mitesh M. Khapra
. .
.
layer of a CNN
4/1
1000
dense
Consider some neurons in a given
4096
dense
layer of a CNN
4096
dense
MaxPooling
We can feed in images to this CNN
256
5
Convolution
and identify the images which cause
256
7
7
these neurons to fire
Convolution
384
9
Convolution
384
11
11
MaxPooling
23
256
23
Convolution
27
256
27
55
MaxPooling
96
55
Convolution
96
Input
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
1000
dense
Consider some neurons in a given
4096
dense
layer of a CNN
4096
dense
MaxPooling
We can feed in images to this CNN
256
5
Convolution
and identify the images which cause
256
7
7
these neurons to fire
Convolution
384
9
9
We can then trace back to the patch
Convolution
384
11
in the image which causes these neur-
11
MaxPooling
23
256
ons to fire
23
Convolution
27
256
27
55
MaxPooling
96
55
Convolution
96
Input
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
1000
dense
Consider some neurons in a given
4096
dense
layer of a CNN
4096
dense
MaxPooling
We can feed in images to this CNN
256
5
Convolution
and identify the images which cause
256
7
7
these neurons to fire
Convolution
384
9
9
We can then trace back to the patch
Convolution
384
11
in the image which causes these neur-
11
MaxPooling
23
256
ons to fire
23
Convolution
27
256
27
55
MaxPooling
96
55
Convolution
96
Input
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
1000
dense
Consider some neurons in a given
4096
dense
layer of a CNN
4096
dense
MaxPooling
We can feed in images to this CNN
256
5
Convolution
and identify the images which cause
256
7
7
these neurons to fire
Convolution
384
9
9
We can then trace back to the patch
Convolution
384
11
in the image which causes these neur-
11
MaxPooling
23
256
ons to fire
23
Convolution
27
256
27
55
MaxPooling
96
55
Convolution
96
Input
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
1000
dense
Consider some neurons in a given
4096
dense
layer of a CNN
4096
dense
MaxPooling
We can feed in images to this CNN
256
5
Convolution
and identify the images which cause
256
7
7
these neurons to fire
Convolution
384
9
9
We can then trace back to the patch
Convolution
384
11
in the image which causes these neur-
11
MaxPooling
23
256
ons to fire
23
Convolution
Let us look at the result of one of such
27
256
27
MaxPooling
96
55
Convolution
al., 2014
96
Input
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
They consider 6 neurons in the pool5 layer and find the image patches which
cause these neurons to fire
One neuron fires for people faces
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
They consider 6 neurons in the pool5 layer and find the image patches which
cause these neurons to fire
Another neuron fires for dog faces
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
They consider 6 neurons in the pool5 layer and find the image patches which
cause these neurons to fire
Another neuron fires for flowers
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
They consider 6 neurons in the pool5 layer and find the image patches which
cause these neurons to fire
Another neuron fires for numbers
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
They consider 6 neurons in the pool5 layer and find the image patches which
cause these neurons to fire
Another neuron fires for houses
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
They consider 6 neurons in the pool5 layer and find the image patches which
cause these neurons to fire
Another neuron fires for shiny surfaces
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Module : Visualizing filters of a CNN
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Recall that we had done something
x̂ similar while discussing autoencoders
h(x)
max {wT x}
x
s.t. ||x||2 = xT x = 1
w1
Solution: x = √
w1T w1
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Recall that we had done something
x̂ similar while discussing autoencoders
We are interested in finding an input
which maximally excites a neuron
h(x)
max {wT x}
x
s.t. ||x||2 = xT x = 1
w1
Solution: x = √
w1T w1
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Recall that we had done something
x̂ similar while discussing autoencoders
We are interested in finding an input
which maximally excites a neuron
h(x)
Turns out that the input which will
W
maximally activate a neuron is ∥W ∥
max {wT x}
x
s.t. ||x||2 = xT x = 1
w1
Solution: x = √
w1T w1
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
h11 h12 Now recall that we can think of a
CNN also as a feed-forward network
with sparse connections and weight
sharing
...
16
2
h14
* =
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
h11 h12 Now recall that we can think of a
CNN also as a feed-forward network
with sparse connections and weight
sharing
...
Once again, we are interested in
16 knowing what kind of inputs will
cause a given neuron to fire
2
h14
* =
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
h11 h12 Now recall that we can think of a
CNN also as a feed-forward network
with sparse connections and weight
sharing
...
Once again, we are interested in
16 knowing what kind of inputs will
cause a given neuron to fire
2
h14
∥ ) where W is the filter(2 × 2, in
W
( ∥W
* =
this case)
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
h11 h12 Now recall that we can think of a
CNN also as a feed-forward network
with sparse connections and weight
sharing
...
Once again, we are interested in
16 knowing what kind of inputs will
cause a given neuron to fire
2
h14
∥ ) where W is the filter(2 × 2, in
W
( ∥W
* =
this case)
max {wT x}
x
s.t. ||x||2 = xT x = 1
w1
Solution: x = √
w1T w1
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can simply plot the K ×K weights
(filters) as images & visualize them as
patterns
The filters essentially detect these
patterns (by causing the neurons to
maximally fire)
max {wT x}
x
s.t. ||x||2 = xT x = 1
w1
Solution: x = √
w1T w1
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can simply plot the K ×K weights
(filters) as images & visualize them as
patterns
The filters essentially detect these
patterns (by causing the neurons to
maximally fire)
This is only interpretable for the fil-
ters in the first convolution layer
max {wT x}
x
s.t. ||x||2 = xT x = 1
w1
Solution: x = √
w1T w1
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can simply plot the K ×K weights
(filters) as images & visualize them as
patterns
The filters essentially detect these
patterns (by causing the neurons to
maximally fire)
This is only interpretable for the fil-
ters in the first convolution layer
max {wT x} (Why?)
x
s.t. ||x||2 = xT x = 1
w1
Solution: x = √
w1T w1
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Module : Occlusion experiments
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
pomeranian wheel ... hound
Typically we are interested in under-
Softmax
standing which portions of the image
(a) Input Image (b) Layer 5, strongest feature map
(c) Layer 5, strongest
feature map projections
are responsible for maximizing the
(d) Classifier, probability
of correct class
(e) Classifier, most
probable class
0.8
Pomeranian
Tennis ball
Keeshond
Pekinese
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
Car wheel
Racer
0.25 Cab
Police van
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0.2
0.1
True Label: Afghan Hound
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
pomeranian wheel ... hound
Typically we are interested in under-
Softmax
standing which portions of the image
(a) Input Image (b) Layer 5, strongest feature map
(c) Layer 5, strongest
feature map projections
(d) Classifier, probability
of correct class
are responsible for maximizing the
(e) Classifier, most
probable class
0.8
Pomeranian
Tennis ball
Keeshond
Pekinese
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.15
0.1
0.05
0.2
0.1
True Label: Afghan Hound
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
pomeranian wheel ... hound
Typically we are interested in under-
Softmax
standing which portions of the image
(a) Input Image (b) Layer 5, strongest feature map
(c) Layer 5, strongest
feature map projections
(d) Classifier, probability
of correct class
are responsible for maximizing the
(e) Classifier, most
probable class
0.8
Pomeranian
Tennis ball
Keeshond
Pekinese
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.15
0.05
0.4
Fur coat
Academic gown
Australian terrier
Ice lolly
Vizsla
Neck brace
probability
0.3
0.2
0.1
True Label: Afghan Hound
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
pomeranian wheel ... hound
Typically we are interested in under-
Softmax
standing which portions of the image
(a) Input Image (b) Layer 5, strongest feature map
(c) Layer 5, strongest
feature map projections
(d) Classifier, probability
of correct class
are responsible for maximizing the
(e) Classifier, most
probable class
0.8
Pomeranian
Tennis ball
Keeshond
Pekinese
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.15
0.05
0.4
Fur coat
Academic gown
Australian terrier
Ice lolly
Vizsla
Neck brace
probability
0.3
0.2
0.1
True Label: Afghan Hound
Similar observations are made for
other images
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Module : Finding influence of input pixels using
backpropagation
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can think of an image as a m × n
inputs x0 , x1 , . . . , xm×n
flatten
x0 x1 · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · xmn
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can think of an image as a m × n
inputs x0 , x1 , . . . , xm×n
hj
We are interested in finding the influ-
ence of each of these inputs(xi ) on a
given neuron(hj )
xi
flatten
x0 x1 · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · xmn
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can think of an image as a m × n
inputs x0 , x1 , . . . , xm×n
hj
We are interested in finding the influ-
ence of each of these inputs(xi ) on a
given neuron(hj )
If a small change in xi causes a large
change in hj then we can say that xi
xi
has a lot of influence of hj
flatten
x0 x1 · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · xmn
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can think of an image as a m × n
inputs x0 , x1 , . . . , xm×n
hj
We are interested in finding the influ-
ence of each of these inputs(xi ) on a
given neuron(hj )
If a small change in xi causes a large
change in hj then we can say that xi
xi
has a lot of influence of hj
flatten ∂hj
In other words the gradient ∂xi could
x0 x1 · · · · tell us about the influence
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · xmn
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
∂hj
=0 −→ no influence
hj ∂xi
xi
flatten
∂hi ∂hi
∂x0 ∂x1 · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ∂x∂hmn
i
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
∂hj
=0 −→ no influence
hj ∂xi
∂hj
= large −→ high influence
∂xi
xi
flatten
∂hi ∂hi
∂x0 ∂x1 · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ∂x∂hmn
i
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
∂hj
=0 −→ no influence
hj ∂xi
∂hj
= large −→ high influence
∂xi
∂hj
= small −→ low influence
∂xi
xi
flatten
∂hi ∂hi
∂x0 ∂x1 · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ∂x∂hmn
i
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
∂hj
=0 −→ no influence
hj ∂xi
∂hj
= large −→ high influence
∂xi
∂hj
= small −→ low influence
∂xi
xi
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
∂hj
=0 −→ no influence
hj ∂xi
∂hj
= large −→ high influence
∂xi
∂hj
= small −→ low influence
∂xi
xi
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
But how do we compute these gradi-
ents?
flatten
x0 x1 · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · xmn
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
But how do we compute these gradi-
ents?
h32
Recall that we can represent CNNs
by feedforward neural network
h1i
x2
flatten
x0 x1 · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · xmn
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
But how do we compute these gradi-
ents?
h32
Recall that we can represent CNNs
by feedforward neural network
h1i
Then we already know how to com-
pute influences (gradient) using back-
propogation
x2
flatten
x0 x1 · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · xmn
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
But how do we compute these gradi-
ents?
h32
Recall that we can represent CNNs
by feedforward neural network
h1i
Then we already know how to com-
pute influences (gradient) using back-
propogation
x2
For example, we know how to back-
flatten prop the gradients till the first hidden
layer
x0 x1 · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · ·
· · · · · xmn
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
But how do we compute these gradi-
ents?
h32
Recall that we can represent CNNs
by feedforward neural network
h1i
Then we already know how to com-
pute influences (gradient) using back-
propogation
x2
For example, we know how to back-
flatten prop the gradients till the first hidden
layer
x0 x1 · · · · ∑ ∂h32 ∂h1i3
∂h32
· · · · · · ∂x2
=
∂h1i ∂x2
· · · · · · i=1
∑
4
· · · · · · h1i = wji xj
· · · · · · j=1
· · · · · xmn ∂h1i
= w12
∂x
.. 2
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
This is what we get if we compute the
gradients and plot it as an image
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
This is what we get if we compute the
gradients and plot it as an image
The above procedure does not show
very sharp influences
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
This is what we get if we compute the
gradients and plot it as an image
The above procedure does not show
very sharp influences
Springenberg et al. proposed “guided
back propagation” which gives a bet-
ter idea about the influences
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Module : Guided Backpropagation
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We feed an input to the CNN and do
a forward pass
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We feed an input to the CNN and do
a forward pass
We consider one neuron in some fea-
ture map at some layer
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We feed an input to the CNN and do
a forward pass
We consider one neuron in some fea-
ture map at some layer
We are interested in finding the influ-
ence of the input on this neuron
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We feed an input to the CNN and do
a forward pass
We consider one neuron in some fea-
ture map at some layer
We are interested in finding the influ-
ence of the input on this neuron
We retain this neuron and set all
other neurons in the layer to zero
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We now backpropogate all the way to
the inputs
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We now backpropogate all the way to
the inputs
1 -1 5 1 0 5 Recall that during forward pass relu
Forward pass
2 -5 -7 2 0 0 activation allows only positive values
-3 2 4 0 2 4 to pass & clamps −ve values to zero
-2 0 -1 -2 3 -1
Backward pass:
6 0 0 6 -3 1
backpropagation
0 -1 3 2 -1 3
0 3 0 -2 3 -1
Backward pass:
6 0 1 6 -3 1
“deconvnet”
2 0 3 2 -1 3
0 0 0 -2 3 -1
Backward pass:
guided 6 0 0 6 -3 1
backpropagation 0 0 3 2 -1 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We now backpropogate all the way to
the inputs
1 -1 5 1 0 5 Recall that during forward pass relu
Forward pass
2
1 -5
-1 -7
5 2
1 0
0 0
5
activation allows only positive values
Forward pass -3
2 2
-5 4
-7 02 20 40 to pass & clamps −ve values to zero
-3 2 4 0 2 4
-2 0 -1 -2 3 -1 Similarly during backward pass no
Backward pass:
backpropagation
6
-2 0
0 0
-1 6
-2 -3
3 1
-1 gradient passes through the dead relu
Backward pass: 0 -1 30 26 -1 31
backpropagation
6 0 -3 neurons
0 -1 3 2 -1 3
0 3 0 -2 3 -1
Backward pass:
6
0 0
3 1
0 6
-2 -3
3 1
-1
“deconvnet”
Backward pass: 26 00 31 26 -1 31
-3
“deconvnet”
2 0 3 2 -1 3
0 0 0 -2 3 -1
Backward pass:
guided 6
0 0
0 0
0 6
-2 -3
3 1
-1
Backward pass:
backpropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
06 00 30 26 -1 31
guided -3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19/1
backpropagation 0 0 3 2 -1Mitesh
3 M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We now backpropogate all the way to
1 -1 5 1 0 5
the inputs
Forward pass
2
1 -5
-1 -7
5 2
1 0
0 0
5 Recall that during forward pass relu
Forward pass -3
2
1
2
-5
-1
4
-7
5
02
1
20
0
40
5
activation allows only positive values
Forward pass -3
2
-2
2
-5
0
4
-7
-1
02
-2
20
3
40
-1
to pass & clamps −ve values to zero
Backward pass: -3 20 40 0 2 4
backpropagation
6
-2 0 -1 6
-2 -3
3 1
-1 Similarly during backward pass no
Backward pass: 0 -1 30 26 -1 31
backpropagation
6
-2 0
0 -1 -2 -3
3 -1 gradient passes through the dead relu
Backward pass: 0 -1 30 26 -1 31
backpropagation
6
0 0
3 0 -2 -3
3 -1 neurons
Backward pass: 06 -1 31 26 -1 31
0 -3
“deconvnet”
Backward pass:
0 3 0 -2 3 -1 In guided back propagation any -
26 00 31 26 -1
-3 31
“deconvnet” 0 3 0 -2 3 -1 ve gradients flowing from the upper
Backward pass: 26 00 31 26 -1 31
-3
“deconvnet”
Backward pass: 0 0 0 -2 3 -1 layer are also set to 0
guided 2
6 0
0 3
0 62 -1
-3 13
0 0 0 -2 3 -1
Backward pass:
backpropagation 06 00 30 26 -1 31
guided 0 0 0 -2 -3
3 -1
Backward pass:
backpropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
06 00 30 26 -1 31
guided -3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19/1
backpropagation 0 0 3 2 -1Mitesh
3 M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Intuition: Neglect all the negative
Backpropagation influences (gradients) and focus only
on the positive influences (gradients)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Intuition: Neglect all the negative
Backpropagation influences (gradients) and focus only
on the positive influences (gradients)
This gives a better picture of the true
influence of the input
Guided Backpropagation
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Module : Optimization over images
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Suppose we want to create an image
which looks like a dumbell (or an os-
55
27
trich, or a car, or just anything)
23
11 Dumbell
11 9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
11 5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Suppose we want to create an image
which looks like a dumbell (or an os-
55
27
trich, or a car, or just anything)
23
11 Dumbell
11
3
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
9
3
3
7
3
5 dense
2 dense dense
In other words we want to create
5 3
55
256
MaxPooling
384
Convolution
Convolution
1000
through a trained ConvNet it should
256
96
96
MaxPooling
Convolution
4096 4096 maximize the probability of the class
Convolution
Input
dumbell
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Suppose we want to create an image
which looks like a dumbell (or an os-
55
27
trich, or a car, or just anything)
23
11 Dumbell
11
3
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
9
3
3
7
3
5 dense
2 dense dense
In other words we want to create
5 3
55
256
MaxPooling
384
Convolution
Convolution
1000
through a trained ConvNet it should
256
96
96
MaxPooling
Convolution
4096 4096 maximize the probability of the class
Convolution
Input
dumbell
We could pose this as an optimization
problem w.r.t I (i0 , i1 , . . . , imn )
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Suppose we want to create an image
which looks like a dumbell (or an os-
55
27
trich, or a car, or just anything)
23
11 Dumbell
11
3
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
9
3
3
7
3
5 dense
2 dense dense
In other words we want to create
5 3
55
256
MaxPooling
384
Convolution
Convolution
1000
through a trained ConvNet it should
256
96
96
MaxPooling
Convolution
4096 4096 maximize the probability of the class
Convolution
Input
dumbell
We could pose this as an optimization
problem w.r.t I (i0 , i1 , . . . , imn )
27
23
11 Dumbell
11 9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
11 5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can essentially think of the image
as a collection of parameters
55
27
23
Keep the weights of trained convolu-
11 Dumbell
11
3
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
9
3
3
7
3
3
5 dense
2 dense dense
tional neural network fixed
5
11 5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can essentially think of the image
as a collection of parameters
55
27
23
Keep the weights of trained convolu-
11 Dumbell
11
3
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
9
3
3
7
3
3
5 dense
2 dense dense
tional neural network fixed
5
11 5 2
55 Convolution
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
maximized
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can essentially think of the image
as a collection of parameters
55
27
23
Keep the weights of trained convolu-
11 Dumbell
11
3
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
9
3
3
7
3
3
5 dense
2 dense dense
tional neural network fixed
5
11 5 2
55 Convolution
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
maximized
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
55
27
23
11
Classi
9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
Zero Image 3
5
3 3 3 3 3
2 dense dense
5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
55
27
23
11
Classi
9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
Zero Image 3
5
3 3 3 3 3
2 dense dense
5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
55
27
23
11
Classi
9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
Zero Image 3
5
3 3 3 3 3
2 dense dense
5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
55
27
23
11
Classi
9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
Zero Image 3
5
3 3 3 3 3
2 dense dense
5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
55
27
23
11
Classi
9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
Zero Image 3
5
3 3 3 3 3
2 dense dense
5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
55
27
23
11
Classi
9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
Zero Image 3
5
3 3 3 3 3
2 dense dense
5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
55
27
23
11 Dumbell
9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Lets look at the images obtained for maximizing some class scores
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
55
27
23
11
9 Cup
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Lets look at the images obtained for maximizing some class scores
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
55
27
23
11
9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
5 2
7
256
11 9 256
Dalmation
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Lets look at the images obtained for maximizing some class scores
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
55
27
23
11
9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution Bell Pepper
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Lets look at the images obtained for maximizing some class scores
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
55
27
23
11
9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3 Lemon
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Lets look at the images obtained for maximizing some class scores
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
55
27
23
Husky
11
9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Lets look at the images obtained for maximizing some class scores
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
7
We can actually do
3 5 dense
3 3 5
3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
11 5 2
7
55 Convolution
384
227
96
256
256
MaxPooling
Convolution
1000 rary neuron in the
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
4096 4096
convnet
3
Input S = 2,P = 0
Parameters: 0
Repeat:
Feed an image through the network
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
7
We can actually do
3 5 dense
3 3 5
3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
11 5 2
7
55 Convolution
384
227
96
256
256
MaxPooling
Convolution
1000 rary neuron in the
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
4096 4096
convnet
3
Input S = 2,P = 0
Parameters: 0
Repeat:
Feed an image through the network
Set activation in layer of interest to all zero, except for a neuron of interest
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
7
We can actually do
3 5 dense
3 3 5
3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
11 5 2
7
55 Convolution
384
227
96
256
256
MaxPooling
Convolution
1000 rary neuron in the
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
4096 4096
convnet
3
Input S = 2,P = 0
Parameters: 0
Repeat:
Feed an image through the network
Set activation in layer of interest to all zero, except for a neuron of interest
Backprop to image
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
7
We can actually do
3 5 dense
3 3 5
3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
11 5 2
7
55 Convolution
384
227
96
256
256
MaxPooling
Convolution
1000 rary neuron in the
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
4096 4096
convnet
3
Input S = 2,P = 0
Parameters: 0
Repeat:
Feed an image through the network
Set activation in layer of interest to all zero, except for a neuron of interest
Backprop to image
ik = ik − η ∂A(I)
∂ik , A(I) is the activation of the ith neuron in some layer
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Let us look at some “updated” images
which excite certain neurons in some
layer
Layer-8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Let us look at some “updated” images
which excite certain neurons in some
layer
Starting with different initializations
instead of using a zero image we can
get different insights
Layer-8
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Let us look at some “updated” images
which excite certain neurons in some
layer
Starting with different initializations
instead of using a zero image we can
get different insights
Each of these 4 images are obtained
Layer-8
by focusing on one neuron in layer 8
and starting with different initializa-
tions
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Let us look at some “updated” images
which excite certain neurons in some
layer
Starting with different initializations
instead of using a zero image we can
get different insights
Each of these 4 images are obtained
Layer-8
by focusing on one neuron in layer 8
and starting with different initializa-
tions
We can do a similar analysis with
other layers
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Let us look at some “updated” images
which excite certain neurons in some
layer
Starting with different initializations
instead of using a zero image we can
get different insights
Each of these 4 images are obtained
Layer-8
by focusing on one neuron in layer 8
and starting with different initializa-
tions
We can do a similar analysis with
other layers
Layer-7
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Module : Creating images from embeddings
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We could think of the fc7 layer as
some kind of an embedding for the
image
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
11 5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We could think of the fc7 layer as
some kind of an embedding for the
image
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
3
3
5
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
3
5 dense
2 dense dense
Question: Given this embedding
11 2
55 Convolution
384
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We could think of the fc7 layer as
some kind of an embedding for the
image
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
3
3
5
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
3
5 dense
2 dense dense
Question: Given this embedding
11 2
55 Convolution
227
256
256
MaxPooling
384
Convolution
1000
We can pose this as an optimization
96
96
MaxPooling
Convolution
4096 4096
problem
Convolution
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Find an image such that
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
11 5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Find an image such that
227
Its embedding is similar to a given
55
27
23
11
embedding
11 9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
11 5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Find an image such that
227
Its embedding is similar to a given
55
27
23
11
embedding
11 9
5 7
27 23
11 9
384
256
Convolution
256
MaxPooling ization)
55 Convolution
384
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
ϕ0 :Embedding of an image of interest
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
11 5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
ϕ0 :Embedding of an image of interest
227
X :Random image (say zero image)
55
27
23
11
11 9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
11 5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
ϕ0 :Embedding of an image of interest
227
X :Random image (say zero image)
Repeat
55
27
23
11
11 9
3 5 7
5 dense
3 3 3 3 3
3 3 2 dense dense
3 3 3
5 3
11 5 2
7
256
11 9 256
MaxPooling
27 23 384 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
ϕ0 :Embedding of an image of interest
227
X :Random image (say zero image)
Repeat
55
27
23
11
11 9
7
23
11 9
384
7
256
256
MaxPooling
ϕ(x).
27 Convolution
55 Convolution
384
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
4096 4096
96
Convolution
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
ϕ0 :Embedding of an image of interest
227
X :Random image (say zero image)
Repeat
55
27
23
11
11 9
7
23
11 9
384
7
256
256
MaxPooling
ϕ(x).
27 Convolution
227
55
256
384
Convolution
Convolution
Compute
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
Convolution
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
ϕ0 :Embedding of an image of interest
227
X :Random image (say zero image)
Repeat
55
27
23
11
11 9
7
23
11 9
384
7
256
256
MaxPooling
ϕ(x).
27 Convolution
227
55
256
384
Convolution
Convolution
Compute
MaxPooling 1000
256
96
Convolution
Convolution
Input
ik = ik − η L∂i(i)
k
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Conv-1
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Relu-1
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Mpool-1
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Norm-1
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Conv-2
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Relu-2
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Mpool-2
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Norm-2
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Conv-3
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Relu-3
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Conv-4
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Relu-4
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Conv-5
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Relu-5
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Mpool-5
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image FC-6
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Relu-6
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image FC-7
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image Relu-7
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Original Image FC-8
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Module : Deep Dream
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Suppose instead of starting with a
227
blank (zero) image we start with an
55
27
23
11
actual image.
11 9
3 7
3 5
3 3 3
3 2
3 3 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Suppose instead of starting with a
227
blank (zero) image we start with an
55
27
23
11
actual image.
11 9
3 7
3 5
3 3 3
3 2
3 3 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Suppose instead of starting with a
227
blank (zero) image we start with an
55
27
23
11
actual image.
11 9
3 7
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
2
2 We focus on some layer and check the
11 5
27 23
11 9
384
7
256
256
MaxPooling
activations of the neurons
Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Suppose instead of starting with a
227
blank (zero) image we start with an
55
27
23
11
actual image.
11 9
3 7
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
2
2 We focus on some layer and check the
11 5
27 23
11 9
384
7
256
256
MaxPooling
activations of the neurons
Convolution
384 Convolution
96
MaxPooling
Convolution
these neurons fire even more
Convolution
3
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
How would we achieve this?
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
3 7
3 5
3 3 3
3 2
3 3 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
How would we achieve this?
227
55
Suppose we want to boost the activa-
11
27
23
11
9
tion hij (some neuron in some layer)
3 7
3 5
3 3 3
3 2
3 3 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
How would we achieve this?
227
hij Suppose we want to boost the activa-
55
11
27
23
11
9
tion hij (some neuron in some layer)
3 7
3 5
3 3 3
3 2
3 3 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
27 23
11 9
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling We can formulate this as the following
384 Convolution
optimization problem
55
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
How would we achieve this?
227
hij Suppose we want to boost the activa-
55
11
27
23
11
9
tion hij (some neuron in some layer)
3 7
3 5
3 3 3
3 2
3 3 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
27 23
11 9
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling We can formulate this as the following
384 Convolution
optimization problem
55
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
max L (I)
96
Convolution
3
Input
I
L (I) = h2ij
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
How would we achieve this?
227
hij Suppose we want to boost the activa-
55
11
27
23
11
9
tion hij (some neuron in some layer)
3 7
3 5
3 3 3
3 2
3 3 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
27 23
11 9
384
256
Convolution
MaxPooling We can formulate this as the following
384 Convolution
optimization problem
55
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
max L (I)
96
Convolution
3
Input
I
L (I) = h2ij
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
(
Once the image is updated imn =
227
)
imn + ∂L (I)
we feed it back to the
55
27
11
23
11
9
∂imn
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
5
2
network
3
5 2
11
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
(
hij Once the image is updated imn =
227
)
imn + ∂L (I)
we feed it back to the
55
27
11
23
11
9
∂imn
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
5
2
network
3
5 2
11
256
227
55
256
384
Convolution
Convolution
fire even more (because we have pre-
MaxPooling
256
96
96
MaxPooling
Convolution cisely modified the image to achieve
3
Convolution this)
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
(
hij Once the image is updated imn =
227
)
imn + ∂L (I)
we feed it back to the
55
27
11
23
11
9
∂imn
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
5
2
network
3
5 2
11
256
227
55
256
384
Convolution
Convolution
fire even more (because we have pre-
MaxPooling
256
96
96
MaxPooling
Convolution cisely modified the image to achieve
3
Convolution this)
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
(
hij Once the image is updated imn =
227
)
imn + ∂L (I)
we feed it back to the
55
27
11
23
11
9
∂imn
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
5
2
network
3
5 2
11
256
227
55
256
384
Convolution
Convolution
fire even more (because we have pre-
MaxPooling
256
96
96
MaxPooling
Convolution cisely modified the image to achieve
3
Convolution this)
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
So what exactly is happening here?
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
3 7
3 5
3 3 3
3 2
3 3 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
∗
research.googleblog.com/2015/06/inceptionism-
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going-deeper-into-neural.html
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
So what exactly is happening here?
227
55
The network has been trained to detect
11
27
23
11
9
certain patterns (dogs, cat, birds etc.)
3 7
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
2
2 which appear frequently in the ImageNet
11 5
27 23
11 9
384
7
256
256
MaxPooling
data
Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
∗
research.googleblog.com/2015/06/inceptionism-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
going-deeper-into-neural.html
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
So what exactly is happening here?
227
55
The network has been trained to detect
11
27
23
11
9
certain patterns (dogs, cat, birds etc.)
3 7
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
2
2 which appear frequently in the ImageNet
11 5
27 23
11 9
384
7
256
256
MaxPooling
data
Convolution
384 Convolution
96
MaxPooling
Convolution
they hardly exist
Convolution
3
Input
∗
research.googleblog.com/2015/06/inceptionism-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
going-deeper-into-neural.html
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
So what exactly is happening here?
227
55
The network has been trained to detect
11
27
23
11
9
certain patterns (dogs, cat, birds etc.)
3 7
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
2
2 which appear frequently in the ImageNet
11 5
27 23
11 9
384
7
256
256
MaxPooling
data
Convolution
384 Convolution
96
MaxPooling
Convolution
they hardly exist
If a cloud looks a little bit like a bird,
Convolution
3
Input
∗
research.googleblog.com/2015/06/inceptionism-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
going-deeper-into-neural.html
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Module : Deep Art
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
To design a network which can do
this, we first define two quantities
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
To design a network which can do
227
55
27
23
this, we first define two quantities
11
11 9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
5
5
2
2 Content Targets : The activations
11
7 256
55
27 23
11
384
9
384
Convolution
256
Convolution
MaxPooling
of all layers for the given content im-
256
227
96
256
Convolution
MaxPooling
Convolution
age
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
To design a network which can do
227
55
27
23
this, we first define two quantities
11
11 9
3
3
3
3
3
3 3
3
7
3
5
5
2
2 Content Targets : The activations
11
7 256
55
27 23
11
384
9
384
Convolution
256
Convolution
MaxPooling
of all layers for the given content im-
256
227
96
256
Convolution
MaxPooling
Convolution
age
MaxPooling
96
3
Convolution
Ideally, we would want the new im-
Input
227
55
age to be such that
27
23
11
11 9
3 7
3 5
3 3 3
3 2
3 3 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
To design a network which can do
227
55
27
23
this, we first define two quantities
11
11 9
3
3
3
3
3
3 3
3
7
3
5
5
2
2 Content Targets : The activations
11
7 256
55
27 23
11
384
9
384
Convolution
256
Convolution
MaxPooling
of all layers for the given content im-
256
227
96
256
Convolution
MaxPooling
Convolution
age
MaxPooling
96
3
Convolution
want them to be equal Ideally, we would want the new im-
Input
227
55
age to be such that it’s activations are
11
3
27
23
11
9
7
also close to those of the original con-
3 5
3
tent image
3 3
3 2
3 3 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
To design a network which can do
227
55
27
23
this, we first define two quantities
11
11 9
3
3
3
3
3
3 3
3
7
3
5
5
2
2 Content Targets : The activations
11
7 256
55
27 23
11
384
9
384
Convolution
256
Convolution
MaxPooling
of all layers for the given content im-
256
227
96
256
Convolution
MaxPooling
Convolution
age
MaxPooling
96
3
Convolution
want them to be equal Ideally, we would want the new im-
Input
227
55
age to be such that it’s activations are
11
3
27
23
11
9
7
also close to those of the original con-
3 5
3
tent image
3 3
3 2
3 3 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
227
55
256
MaxPooling
384
Convolution
Convolution
Let p⃗, ⃗x be the activations of the con-
256
96
96
MaxPooling
Convolution
tent image and the new image (to be
Convolution
3
55
27
23
11
generated image to be the same as the
11 9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
5
2
2
style image
11 5
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Next we would want the style of the
227
55
27
23
11
generated image to be the same as the
11 9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
5
2
2
style image
11 5
7 256
256
55 384 Convolution
256
227
image?
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Next we would want the style of the
227
55
27
23
11
generated image to be the same as the
11 9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
5
2
2
style image
11 5
7 256
256
55 384 Convolution
256
227
image?
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Input
Convolution
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Next we would want the style of the
227
55
27
23
11
generated image to be the same as the
11 9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
5
2
2
style image
11 5
7 256
256
55 384 Convolution
256
227
image?
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Input
Convolution
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Next we would want the style of the
227
55
27
23
11
generated image to be the same as the
11 9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
5
2
2
style image
11 5
7 256
256
55 384 Convolution
256
227
image?
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Input
Convolution
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Next we would want the style of the
227
55
27
23
11
generated image to be the same as the
11 9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
5
2
2
style image
11 5
7 256
256
55 384 Convolution
256
227
image?
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Input
Convolution
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Next we would want the style of the
227
55
27
23
11
generated image to be the same as the
11 9
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
5
2
2
style image
11 5
7 256
256
55 384 Convolution
256
227
image?
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Input
Convolution
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
To ensure that the style of the new
image captured by layer ℓ matches
the style of the style image, we can
227
55
27
23
11
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
Content Image
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
3 7
3 5
3 3 3
3 2
3 3 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
To ensure that the style of the new
image captured by layer ℓ matches
the style of the style image, we can
227
55
27
23
11
∑
55 384 Convolution
256
227
V2T V2
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
MaxPooling
Convolution
Eℓ =
3
Convolution
equal
Input ij
V1T V1
227
55
11
3
11
3
9
384
3
7
256
3
5
256
MaxPooling
2
matrices computed at layer ℓ for the
27 23 Convolution
227
55
256
MaxPooling
384
Convolution
Convolution
style image and new image respect-
256
96
96
MaxPooling
Convolution
ively.
Convolution
3
Input
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Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
To ensure that the style of the new
image captured by layer ℓ matches
the style of the style image, we can
227
55
27
23
11
∑
55 384 Convolution
256
227
V2T V2
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
MaxPooling
Convolution
Eℓ =
3
Convolution
equal
Input ij
V1T V1
227
55
11
3
11
3
9
384
3
7
256
3
5
256
MaxPooling
2
matrices computed at layer ℓ for the
27 23 Convolution
227
55
256
MaxPooling
384
Convolution
Convolution
style image and new image respect-
256
96
96
MaxPooling
Convolution
ively.
∑
L
Convolution
3
Input
55 55
27 27
23 23
11 11
11 9 11 9
3 5 7 3 5 7
3 3 5 3 3 5
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 2 3 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
5 3 3 5 3 3
5 2 5 2
11 11
7 256 7 256
9 256 9 256
11 11
MaxPooling MaxPooling
23 384 23 384
27 Convolution 27 Convolution
Convolution Convolution
MaxPooling MaxPooling
96 96
Convolution Convolution
3 3
Input Input
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
3 5 7
3 3 5
3 3 3
3 2
3 3 3
5 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
227 227
55 55
27 27
23 23
11 11
11 9 11 9
3 7 3 7
3 5 3 5
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 2 3 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3
5 2 5 2
11 11
7 256 7 256
9 256 9 256
11 11
MaxPooling MaxPooling
23 384 23 384
27 Convolution 27 Convolution
Convolution Convolution
MaxPooling MaxPooling
96 96
Convolution Convolution
3 3
Input Input
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
3 7
3 5
3 3 3
3 2
3 3 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
227 227
55 55
27 27
23 23
11 11
11 9 11 9
3 7 3 7
3 5 3 5
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 2 3 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3
5 2 5 2
11 11
7 256 7 256
9 256 9 256
11 11
MaxPooling MaxPooling
23 384 23 384
27 Convolution 27 Convolution
Convolution Convolution
MaxPooling MaxPooling
96 96
Convolution Convolution
3 3
Input Input
227
55
27
23
11
11 9
3 7
3 5
3 3 3
3 2
3 3 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Turns out that using this idea of optimizing over the input, we can also “fool”
ConvNets
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Turns out that using this idea of optimizing over the input, we can also “fool”
ConvNets
Let us see how
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Suppose we feed in an image to a
227
55
27
23
11
Convnet.
11 9
3 5 7
3 3 5
3 3 3
3 2
3 3 3
5 3 3
5 2
11
7 256
9 256
11
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
256
96
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
Convolution
3
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Suppose we feed in an image to a
227
ostrich
55
27
23
11 .. Convnet.
.
11 9
3 5 7
11
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
3
5
5
256
2
2
Now instead of maximizing the log-
256 bus
.. likelihood of the correct class (bus) we
11 9
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
.
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
3
Convolution
incorrect class (say, ostrich)
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Suppose we feed in an image to a
227
ostrich
55
27
23
11 .. Convnet.
.
11 9
3 5 7
11
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
3
5
5
256
2
2
Now instead of maximizing the log-
256 bus
.. likelihood of the correct class (bus) we
11 9
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
.
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
3
Convolution
incorrect class (say, ostrich)
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Suppose we feed in an image to a
227
ostrich
55
27
23
11 .. Convnet.
.
11 9
3 5 7
11
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
3
5
5
256
2
2
Now instead of maximizing the log-
256 bus
.. likelihood of the correct class (bus) we
11 9
MaxPooling
23 384
27 Convolution
.
55 384 Convolution
256
227
Convolution
MaxPooling
96
3
Convolution
incorrect class (say, ostrich)
Input
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Notice that the changes
are so minimal that the
two images are indistin-
guishable to humans
∗
Intriguing properties of neural networks, Szegedy et al., 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Notice that the changes
are so minimal that the
two images are indistin-
guishable to humans
But the ConvNet thinks
that the third image ob-
tained by adding the first
image to the second im-
age is an ostrich
∗
Intriguing properties of neural networks, Szegedy et al., 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Notice that the changes
are so minimal that the
two images are indistin-
guishable to humans
But the ConvNet thinks
that the third image ob-
tained by adding the first
image to the second im-
age is an ostrich
∗
Intriguing properties of neural networks, Szegedy et al., 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Notice that the changes
are so minimal that the
two images are indistin-
guishable to humans
But the ConvNet thinks
that the third image ob-
tained by adding the first
image to the second im-
age is an ostrich
∗
Intriguing properties of neural networks, Szegedy et al., 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Notice that the changes
are so minimal that the
two images are indistin-
guishable to humans
But the ConvNet thinks
that the third image ob-
tained by adding the first
image to the second im-
age is an ostrich
∗
Intriguing properties of neural networks, Szegedy et al., 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Notice that the changes
are so minimal that the
two images are indistin-
guishable to humans
But the ConvNet thinks
that the third image ob-
tained by adding the first
image to the second im-
age is an ostrich
∗
Intriguing properties of neural networks, Szegedy et al., 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can also do this start-
ing with random images and
then optimizing them to pre-
dict some class.
∗
Neural Networks are Easily Fooled: High Confidence Predictions for Unrecognizable
Images Nguyen, Yosinski, Clune, 2014
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can also do this start-
ing with random images and
then optimizing them to pre-
dict some class.
In all these cases the classi-
fier is 99.6% confident of the
class
∗
Neural Networks are Easily Fooled: High Confidence Predictions for Unrecognizable
Images Nguyen, Yosinski, Clune, 2014
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can also do this start-
ing with random images and
then optimizing them to pre-
dict some class.
In all these cases the classi-
fier is 99.6% confident of the
class
∗
Neural Networks are Easily Fooled: High Confidence Predictions for Unrecognizable
Images Nguyen, Yosinski, Clune, 2014
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can also do this start-
ing with random images and
then optimizing them to pre-
dict some class.
In all these cases the classi-
fier is 99.6% confident of the
class
∗
Neural Networks are Easily Fooled: High Confidence Predictions for Unrecognizable
Images Nguyen, Yosinski, Clune, 2014
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can also do this start-
ing with random images and
then optimizing them to pre-
dict some class.
In all these cases the classi-
fier is 99.6% confident of the
class
∗
Neural Networks are Easily Fooled: High Confidence Predictions for Unrecognizable
Images Nguyen, Yosinski, Clune, 2014
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can also do this start-
ing with random images and
then optimizing them to pre-
dict some class.
In all these cases the classi-
fier is 99.6% confident of the
class
∗
Neural Networks are Easily Fooled: High Confidence Predictions for Unrecognizable
Images Nguyen, Yosinski, Clune, 2014
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can also do this start-
ing with random images and
then optimizing them to pre-
dict some class.
In all these cases the classi-
fier is 99.6% confident of the
class
∗
Neural Networks are Easily Fooled: High Confidence Predictions for Unrecognizable
Images Nguyen, Yosinski, Clune, 2014
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can also do this start-
ing with random images and
then optimizing them to pre-
dict some class.
In all these cases the classi-
fier is 99.6% confident of the
class
∗
Neural Networks are Easily Fooled: High Confidence Predictions for Unrecognizable
Images Nguyen, Yosinski, Clune, 2014
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
We can also do this start-
ing with random images and
then optimizing them to pre-
dict some class.
In all these cases the classi-
fier is 99.6% confident of the
class
Let us see an intuitive ex-
planation of why this hap-
pens
∗
Neural Networks are Easily Fooled: High Confidence Predictions for Unrecognizable
Images Nguyen, Yosinski, Clune, 2014
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Images are extremely high dimen-
sional objects (R227×227 )
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Images are extremely high dimen-
sional objects (R227×227 )
There are many many many points in
this high dimensional space
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Images are extremely high dimen-
sional objects (R227×227 )
There are many many many points in
this high dimensional space
Of these only a few are images (of
which we see some during training)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Images are extremely high dimen-
sional objects (R227×227 )
There are many many many points in
this high dimensional space
Of these only a few are images (of
which we see some during training)
Using these training images we fit
some decision boundaries
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Images are extremely high dimen-
sional objects (R227×227 )
There are many many many points in
this high dimensional space
Of these only a few are images (of
which we see some during training)
Using these training images we fit
some decision boundaries
While doing so we also end up taking
decisions about the many many un-
seen points in this high dimensional
space (Notice the large green and
red regions which do not contain any
training points)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Images are extremely high dimen-
sional objects (R227×227 )
There are many many many points in
this high dimensional space
Of these only a few are images (of
which we see some during training)
Using these training images we fit
some decision boundaries
While doing so we also end up taking
decisions about the many many un-
seen points in this high dimensional
space (Notice the large green and
red regions which do not contain any
training points)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12
Images are extremely high dimen-
sional objects (R227×227 )
There are many many many points in
this high dimensional space
Of these only a few are images (of
which we see some during training)
Using these training images we fit
some decision boundaries
While doing so we also end up taking
decisions about the many many un-
seen points in this high dimensional
space (Notice the large green and
red regions which do not contain any
training points)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52/1
Mitesh M. Khapra CS7015 (Deep Learning) : Lecture 12