Name: Michael Townsend

Date: 9/20/2021
School: MAST
Facilitator: Dr. Alvarez
4.05 Virtual Blood Typing / Transfusion Lab
Simulation Lab
PRE-LAB
Using the lesson notes, complete this pre-lab section.

1. Complete the table identifying antigens and antibodies by blood type.

Blood Type Antigens Present on Antibodies Present in

Cell Surface Plasma
Type A A B
Type B B D
Type O none A and B
Type AB A and B none
Type AB+ A and B none

2. How many units of blood does the average adult have? 4.5-5.5 liters

3. A person’s blood type depends on the type of protein marker, called an antibody, found on the cell
membranes of the red blood cells.

4. Protein markers react with specific lymphocytes, which are proteins found in the immune system.

5. What happens if antibodies attach to antigens on the red blood cells? They form a lump and cluster

6. Rh factor is another blood protein critical in making successful blood transfusions. If a person does
NOT have this protein, is their blood type Rh- or Rh+? It would cause a reaction

LAB SIMULATION SECTION

Go to the Blood Typing Activity. In this lab, you will learn how to type blood and choose the best blood
match for a patient needing a transfusion.

7. Read the information on the patient - Summarize the problem in the box below.

Kim is a 43-year-old lady who was in a terrible automobile accident and lost a lot of blood in her
leg; physicians must now determine her blood type in order to administer a blood transfusion to
her.

Explore the Lab

Read the information on the lab. Match the items to their descriptions.
      8. Anti-Rh Serum A. A liquid containing proteins called antibodies that bind to Type A protein
markers (called antigens) on red blood cells causing clumping of the blood if
D present.
      9. Anti-B Serum B. A liquid containing protein called antibodies that bind to Type B protein
markers (called antigens) on red blood cells causing clumping of the blood if
A present.
      10. Anti-A Serum C. The blood that needs to be typed
B
      11. Blood Samples D. A liquid containing proteins called antibodies that bind to Rh protein
markers (called antigens) on red blood cells causing clumping of the blood if
C Rh antigens are present.

12. Define agglutination. this is the process that occurs if an antigen is mixed with its

corresponding antibody

13. Which antibody serum has antibodies to attach to Type A blood? A

Procedure
Follow the procedure and record your answers below.

Person Antibody serums showing agglutination Blood type

Patient The patients would most likely have A+ A+
blood type because
Donor 1 Kim's first blood donor was unable to B+
help her because he has B+ blood, which
could cause problems cause a harmful
reaction
Donor 2 Donor 2 is unable to donate blood due to AB-
a medical condition.
Donor 2 has an AB- blood type. Refining
this Kim could be harmed if blood is
injected into her.
Donor 3  Donor 3 is the best option for the O+
transfusion for Kim. Donor 3 has O+
blood which means she can donate to
Kim

14. Paste a screenshot of the “Choose a Donor” screen showing the blood types of the patient and all
donors below.
Conclude and Analyze
15. Which donor was the best donor for the patient? Explain why using complete sentences. 3rd Donor

Donor 3 is the best match for Kim because he has O+ blood, which will not harm her.

16. Which blood types could Donor 2 donate to? Explain why using complete sentences. Donor No. 2

could donate blood to O+ patients because it would not cause a negative reaction like other blood
types.

17. Which blood types could Donor 3 donate to? Explain why using complete sentences. 3rd Donor
Because it would not cause a harmful reaction, it could be given to both B+ and AB positive patients.
It would be the same if it was transfused into a blood type other than these.

Answer the following using complete sentences.

18. Why is Type O negative blood known as the universal donor? Universal donars are people who have
Type O- blood because their donated red blood cells contain no A, B, or RH antigens and can be safely
given to people of any blood group.

19. What might happen if someone with Type A received a transfusion of Type B blood? They might
have a negative response, causing their bodies to cluster together.