Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GAERNER - J. F. (Ed.) - Writing Exile - Th... Antiquity and Beyond-BRILL (2007)
GAERNER - J. F. (Ed.) - Writing Exile - Th... Antiquity and Beyond-BRILL (2007)
6
2
9889
!"#$%"&!'!
()*+969
69123566723,2-5-96.1/259906)6
1933
*2234 567898:9
*2;36<48=9855>6::6:?
*2;3654855>6::6::
)6809211?55=50@6
2
7-2A7;92--3BC/2
C01319-
3
@6
2
7-2A7;92--3B2
69869312.892
3;D*//CE62+F5-2312
1C
*G)+F5-23193CH92
F332A16+F5-23193
B2+
(--92113939,
368961238F5-226
.059896
F
C9
3-
C369
2
5
5
24
530
81
5!%!"
"#""!$$"
"&!'6"!8$!!!$
!"(!!!#)*
!!!*$$,+"*
""(!$
!
'$"&-!!("
-!$/#*"
$#!$$.
!9)""
(2"4($6"!
!!$
*$012334567489:455$0;88<32=#
"!*0!0&!$"$
6">?@JAB0*-(*#C2
D25EFG9H4=6I49=
###!""
*
!K9)0;2829LM*0N2O<5FGEPF=2=
$!0
C261233F6Q9R9398$07489:<9$S!!$0;GTF8<4O9:<8$0
DP2H<9L6U##$"!
!!!"
V!$(!;2829L2
"*(+W<OF6EGFW4T4=K%,U))("
4X!*$)-$(
4X0)"$)!
"Y$#"($4(K/%ZA@
??%/J@AU[!K$*!U20
% 8&,@/*!")(
,+\0#)#&!'6"]$(
)(!"*(
/!$
#K,^^^U
8B#,J@A*&0"-A@?*
J0 1K%__^U%J@%>AZ*
012 3456758
7
38
!"#!$%#&'(#)!
#'*#'#)'+,'###!('
##-#'*+%#(#+++#+
./01234356/>7489:342/;9/9<0$1=>?+)#*'*++#'#'
()$++#')#)#!(
%#&*##@A#'1B#A$C1DE=%+#!
)F+#++#''#<3GH7I354
7JK:934L:53M4201N/K7074O01:34P47J9:;:/M6/74235:4?-*+++!Q)#'
(#%#+))*#'#'+!
<A$D=2B;1HI345:G:47J9:;:34754L395/M4M30:94376/104303HN/M?$%##
(##)!)+#+#'+
##'#'))F)!#)'+,'##-$A$DR=B
K1;;7K53M47J9:;:142/G7M-1$SE>BN:L709347J9:;:34754N797053946/37070745700394P43/I/0::94
3I:M/04N:L/M-1$00E0ABT701047J9/;4:H43;5/M4P4K/M491K::94H3516/7427H35:G/94754
M3IH:94N:9$
%Q#+#-%#)U'-#+##'!
@)!)'#*!-'!#+%#&*<$
0$S1D<%#(#?BV14T105/H35:W46/10/M4:3M4M17H:349/0I/H54X?$%+#
@'-+(#&+#'(#'
('#(!+#!(#)@#+'#
))###-#'U'+'#%#+#+*
(*+#++#@+)+<0$CA=E12?B
M746/16/742704M/;51949:M:;:94T105/H34;3G1079
:3K5353M4Y3K4N7M/M4L1;/:54K1H9:95707457003Z
H1H4:IH3034M3;:4M:970:949/KK/007074N:9K1$
%#)+#'--+)+#!#'+#*'+#
+'"+)''*+#'C$[#(''
!"*+*#'*+'(($
\)()U'#)#@(#*#!(#+!$
]+#*#*+<$S$1A>ECB^!#"#@#?-
*+'#)'##*+%##+('#
#-#'+'(#+###'<$S$>S>E
CB6/194_:N1H:34L:J4/0G7407L7;;:W4P40/09/943I3M427;3I14̀4̀4̀a4?$U'&-
#!#-+'#('%#-
#'+)++)')'+!-+'#+#')
>Q$Obb$$27;;10200$DAE020A$SR$
Cc+*'-####$
0123025367250829
#4$4'&5
6 789:8;<6=;9>?9@6A:B??C6:DE=C>C67FG?H?C@
6 IDDJ<?F;C6=:8:9<E<:6C?8>C6E9K>:6?89?AE69>9>C
6 <:L8E6M?N><8;<>A6:96O;89:A6C>=:<E<:6P?AEH?@
4$Q6>8B:6=:<6;<E68;H:A6HEC9;6F>A6A><A><:6A;89?C
6 ?96AE<:6=<;<>=9>A6:96=:DEL;6=<:A?96E<HE6C;8E89?R
6 G?F69EA:86?DD:6><N:A6SE9EH?6C:B:CK>:6D;FEH?9
6 P:>F<;<>A@6:96L:89?68;A:86B:B?9@6E<AEK>:6T6U?9
6 P<;?EV68>8F6=DEF?BE6F;A=;C9>C6=EF:6K>?:CF?9R
.
+
./
,
2,
W/
+
0!
/
!X
#0
!+
Y!
0
1!
(+
++
0
1Z
/[+#
.
/+
Y.
.\+
]
#W+
!
0
1-^
.
+_+ !
+
+
+
0
"#4&$'$(
)#̀0
0
-
5
a 0
2 /
0
"#
4#̀4%'()#
_-
+7:8:?B
!
b,
0
.\.
\
0
1#c0
1!2
d
]
-
2.
"
#4$%'()
/0"`#&)
1
W
/
X
0
1"
#4`4'()!
.ID?EB0
1
/!
!
0
/e
fb
"
&&&)
X#
(
g^"
&&`)%(`$")#
`
012 3456758
7
38
210!"#$%&'()*!'%*%"+("''('!","'%-"&"'.
($/%0,"1'(#.'!"'"23!4%#"5'%&."2%.4%.%1(6
3#(7%8%#'!%'&.91&6'!2('"2+(#'%':#;#,",(#($
'!)#'3#(7%8%#4!(1(&6!%,+%#'"1"+%'63!2('"$($9"&$(#
%$(#2#(++('$#(2'!,"1'(#"(:#;"6%'3#(."%&($(6
"'!1%($56(28!'!3#(7%%##","<#''!"#(&6
5&"%6"1%6,#%#.!%-9"&6$#(2'!"&%61$10202=>?@?ABC?DA
EFGF@AHIJKLGAMIGGLGGIAE?DIHKLGANAOC@IKI?AOFMI@3!-('!'!$%#(2
4%##"(#%#"9"&%6'!(*!(""9"&1&('(/%-('!%#
1(,"'&.#2(,6(#6"%#26('!%'/%,#2'"-%''&
'!%2%6,#%#"4!(6$%'6!"1"'.
5*#0%P&5'%&."'&$2'(%-(6";'"'"19"&-$(#/%
#%1!"'Q"'%+%#'$#(2'!#1'&.R%##",6/'(#%-(,
S,%6#""9"&$#(2:#14"'!!"/#1%6"%%'T%&&%'2
U111=
@IAEFGF@AE?DHL?AEI?JLVFIAIWDHI@?AGIVFIKDI@A
XCHDFK?AC@KLECDIKGAIDALKIFMD?YLIA>?DF@A
ZLGAECGFIHIACMLGA
/&2"*!'.[(#'%6%","'%-&$%'!%,+&%162"'!+&%1
24!(%29+&&6$#(22.%'",&%6%6$(&&(4'!2('6"'%'
'#%1'($'!%
3!"9"&"1'%'%6'!&(1%'"(($T%&&%'2%''!"'($'!
$'#\(21&%#&.+%#%&&&!"24"'!/%%%11$&$(6"*
"22"*#%']'!2.'!(*#%+!"1'#%6"'"('!%'S,%6#4'"'(9"&
%$'#;"&&"*!"$%'!#6#+#%"($#(2!"2('!##1(#66
-.^#,"(#*_U0"1(,"'&.#%6"'!%#1!$(#%
+("'",+%#%&&&4"'!/%1(,#&.$%2($(#%,"*!"$%'!#
5'%&.2'(!%,-'!!(2($9"&$#(2"'%#&"''"2=,
^%'#'!+#"6"*6"'.($'!5'%&"%:(&6/*1%2'(5'%&."
9"&$#(2`&.2+4!(,#'!#(4-.a+"'#U102/*%"'!
+%#%&&&4"'!/%"1&%#='!"22"*#%'#&#'%-&"!%+%1$&
#*"2%6'#'!$$#"*($9"&"'('!+#(+#"'.($%4
'%'
^:#%60Ub4"'!%#&"#&"'#%'#
0P3!_IKILO1(,"'&.(2"'++(6$(6%'"(($1(2+%"(($`6.
1!%c%"+'%'",$(6#($c%"%^#,"(#*_1bb0%6d0P]$(#
'!*#%&+!(2(($1&%"2($&*6%#.%1'#.$#(2'!3#(7%+#"(6-.
\(2%JIKDIG8"2%0b
0123025367250829
!""#
"$
%&#'()'&(#
$#*"
$+!,-.
/!012/3'4
5+6!6
2738
9:;<=>?@A;BC;D>CEF;G@E=B;>9D9:F:=>;@>CH@A
,?FIJ=B;KI>CBC=BL=9;DF:>9B;E9GCF9L=9;MNI9?F9!
(#$&'
O$
"
#
"("
(P
""!
(""
)'545
%"
QRS
44T(U"4$
()'(+!V!WV268XCF;D>CEF;BF-=:CB;Y;ZL=@G;EC?CE9;>9>CB[;
\>FCF;DF?G9:=>;F];=>]934$()'
(
Q!P^"#
$
_"(
#
%"("$
""+̀!/`W2W3#&"&
a$
(""55(
"54
5
((""
1!`/W2018
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;J9=A;?=?I;ECB9>@;ECJC;G9E=E
9bC-C=E;C?c9-CbA;?=?I;F-:9;X=-?=B;FGFI:=Ed;
ef5"(((4((e
g%
4(!hbC:C=E+Pij3(&P#
&"9bC-C=E+i#k"3(&
R 5()5#
$
#
$"(
8
4
(
7
""P^"+((
44"#
&((
$3#&"
(
5(
&5"
U54
4!P^"
"&5
4&
5((
!
4O$"
5
(&
"(
P&"#
5^l5
+
!0W2/38
D=-B=B;@];C?XCGCFE;>9H?@;XC>CBL=9;B=D9>]FB
m>CX9>?@;F?:CL=F;M9:F]=B;I=E;9bI9G9>9:;=>]9A;
)210IJKJ4G$&"!!%O
!"%A
P
<@
@
<P
G$&
!
"Q$!!
=
%F<)R"
*S+,-./012304,4
T<
;""
@A))D210IJKJ4G
:
A)EC47U606U
76V,6,17-WU.887-UXU,Y7Z7J/G$S!%
*
"
:
"
P
$!
"M%
$*$
#
;A
"G
%
A))
CL7./U4-.[.6-U\3,[.,]U20-,1.4U7./WU^.8/,WU
V78,17UXU,Y7Z70UI,Z7YG$
%S(
%
%%
:
")*
:
M%
_"$
%
(
#
%`
"*
a
)H
M%(Ob
D
!#@
%c)
+,-N)FLC
d
!%
<
+,-N
)BD
Cef!A
eBDG
EFC$
=g:)d!
<
!
F
+,-./012304,4HA
eeGL
)ED)S))
)E:)
RHA
eehG)
Dd
#*A
eeFGEhh)
012 3456758
7
38
!"#$%
&%$$%'
()*+,+-./+0123.451.,6721-4.68.+77.451.0/69:3.;56.5+2.,11<.1=:17712.8/6>.
451.?9-*+<.*@4).+<2.;+-.+46<@<0.45/6905.5@-.1=@71.86/.+<.+;897.-7+90541/A
'''.*71+/7)./1*+77-.451..@<B.@*412.,).C1D1<4@9-.6<.5@-.
*@4@D1<-.EF1/0A.G'HAIH1J3.+<2.()*+,+-.E7@K1.C1D1<4@9-J.@-.:9<@-512.86/.
5@-.;/6<0L26@<0A.
M9-4.+-.-6>1.-46/@1-.@<.451.N$O.*6<4+@<./1:1+412.:5)-@*+7.
>14+>6/:56-1-.E1A0A.45+4.68.P1719-.+<2.?514@-3.N'00AQQ0R2S3.6/.45+4.
68.T/+*5<13.N'2A0U1RQHJ3.-6.451/1.@-.+4.71+-4.6<1.1=@71.-46/).@<.;5@*5.
451.>64@8.68.1=@71.@-./1:1+412.-1V1/+7.4@>1-A.?5@-.@-.451.<+//+4@V1.68.
C121+A.W<.NA.X.;1.-11.51/.71+V@<0.51/.56>1.68.Y67*5@-.86/.W67*9-.
;@45.M+-6<.E0SSRHJ3.51/.21:+/49/1.@<46.1=@71.8/6>.W67*9-.+841/.451.21+45.
68.P17@+-.E1S0Z.[J3.51/.21:+/49/1.8/6>.Y6/@<45.+841/.51/.\.7@*@21.
E1]XZ[J3.51/.*6/2@+7./1*1:4@6<.+-.+<.1=@71.EIUQZ.&$J.,).T1019-.@<.
T451<-3.+<2.51/.\.<+7.B.@054.+841/.+441>:412.:6@-6<@<0.68.?51-19-.EIQIZ.
[JA.?51-1./1:1+412.1=@71-.5+V1.+<.@>:6/4+<4.-4/9*49/+7.89<*4@6<.@<.
451.:61>3.7@<K@<0.9:.451.T/06<+94.-46/).8/6>.451.1<2.68.,66K.2.;@45.
451.?51-19-.*)*71.68.,66K-.X.+<2.HA.?59-.1=@71.*+<.,1.9-12.+-.:+/4.
68.451.<+//+4@V1.0/+>>+/.68.451.N$O3.+<2.:1/5+:-3.0@V1<.@4-.
/671.+-.+.86/>.68.>14+>6/:56-@-3.517:.46.5672.451.:61>.4601451/.,).
/1:1+4127)./181//@<0.46.@4-.6V1/4.46:@*.68.4/+<-86/>+4@6<A
^@<+77)3.;1.*6>1.46.4;6.-46/@1-.;51/1.+.*5+/+*41/_-.1=@71.41>:4-.451.
/1+21/.46.>+K1.*6<<1*4@6<-.;@45.451.:6-4L1=@7@*.̀V@2A.W<.,66K.H.;1.\.<2.
451.0/1+4.@<V1<46/.a+12+79-.4/+::12.@<.1881*4@V1.1=@71.6<.Y/1413.76<0@<0.
46./149/<.46.5@-.56>1.@<.451.>14/6:67@-.68.T451<-.EN'HA0H1RSJZ
b%c%["$
&%"%%
%$%['
C1+<;5@71.a+12+79-3.;56.5+2.*6>1.46.5+41.Y/141.+<2.5@-.76<0.1=@71.+<2.
;+-.469*512.,).76V1.86/.5@-.<+4@V1.7+<23.;+-.-594.@<.,).451.-1+A
?51.:@*49/1.0@V1<.@<.45@-.8+>69-.1:@-621.68.451.-9:/1>1.+/4@\.*1/.@<.1=@71.
+*/6--.451.-1+3.76<0@<0.46./149/<.46.+.0/1+4.*@4).+<2.4/)@<0.9<-9**1--8977).
46.9-1.5@-.:6;1/-.68.*/1+4@6<3.-14-.9:.+.-129*4@V1.:+/+7717.;@45.451.̀V@02H.
68.451.1=@71.:614/).-11K@<0.46.014.,+*K.46.d6>1.45/6905.5@-.:614@*.+/4A
0H.e11.f@<2-.E0]HSJ.86/.̀V@2_-.+441>:4.46.g,66K.451./149/<.4/@:h.@<.1=@713.+<2.e5+//6*K.
E0]]IJ.02HRX1.86/.451.-:1*@\.*.7@<K.,14;11<.451.1=@71-.68.a+12+79-.+<2.̀V@2A
0123025367250829
*!"
"# $%&!'(")$%
"+!("&,-./
0
0*12"# 3&
(",-00405
2!!',-./
06076"89:-;9</./././=>?@</AB?>C0'"
(""D<E<;=FG0
47
*H2I""
(%JK<:9CB-8LBA<A"#
M"FK<:.605G1H2'"#
(#"$%!!+
#0
NOK<:9CB -8LBA<A
P##
#0Q#!"
51
FK<:.
P0G175H)
R;-/S>;:/L;@/B-:>/T9C;>AU/A<=/S>V<-9:/>E9
<:/T9CBE/<:/=BC;EBA/B=;BW></:X-9EE;=;A/<Y>?
A8BE:</<-9:.
!#M#)Z#M#
#!%"0
(%Z"
Z5
#"!"Z"$%&!"
0
"#%## !!
##O"$%&#
FK<:0
P0P746H##"!"
"!#!"
F""H[#
F\#2
P04*H0]#$%
""K<:9CB-8LBA<A"""
^_
$%&K<:9CB-8LBA<A!#
%!0`2#"!Z"
D<E<;=%a%2+"%0
M"2##
!%2+
#!%"
* ]"M"+F
**4H
G672!bF511PH$%0
cBE51:./
050*0
M00dF
**PH5
50
5
] 0dF
**PH5
40
012 3456758
7
38
!!"!#$
%!"$!!"!&'%"!#$!!
$(!!!!%$!
)!!"!"!"!%!"!#!(
*!&
+$#"$%,$-%!$.()(
/0!"%1$!!$$.!!-"$
!2%&*$.(%!!)%(!
"!%3$!!.!!4)%!)!!-56!
2%!72%7$8%".*55!%.!
9!!2%$!"(.&:!!!
0!"!!!3/&/;$
!(51!!;%!9!)%/#$$%
<=>/(!!$-%!&*$"$"!
"!!(!!!?!39!"
!.!"."!?$!
$.$!!9!&8$@
-$.A.!$$!
(!!39!)%!"$"!
$)%.&
8$)!"$)(!")!!-
!+$#"!()!!!!("!!&B
0&5CCDE/!$(/$
%.)!$!!9!(%1
!%/#.$!%(@)!%!(3
FGHIJKGLMFNHOPQPKHRPOOJHKSOMPTPHUJFUGFP
IPOOSNMTHPHIFGTSSKHOFTSRMKHIFGSNMTLMPHVJOPWGPK
PXSOSMNYHGMFHWJKHZFUSPGHVSUGJTSFHUSVPK[
>(.)$!((!$(%
!+!!.!%3%!.$!%(
-$\&
*(!%!$$$$$/)!
!$!9)$!)!]!#!7$]#
$!.(&*($)%
55 ^!!!"$!%)$!?$3!!.(
)!51""!"!B40EC=61_=D15&
/&/$!#`TJHaFTUPOOJ!).!)%/!'""&05_&
)!.025D<)!(&
0123025367250829
!"#
$!%&'$!"!
!!!(
!
#./!!&)!*
+(
!
,-!,01!!"!2
!
#3#34!3!!31!
&!!!!
&!!5&'''
'/667.8
99999999999999999999999999999999999:9:9:9;<=;>?@AB9CBDD;
EF<>AD;CA>9GAH;B<>9I?<J?K9JBELBK?9>B<?KA>:
/M9KAIN9@A?B9KAK?9OBK?<K9BK9@A?B9IBKAB<J?9LBD;<@A?<K
;<EBLK;N9@AF9@ABI@AB9GAH?B9KAD;K9;IOBKA>9ALHAB<K
OL?BE;O;KBI9OFOADAI9:9:9:
:9:9:9!4!1!!!&
!!&!'
,
&!&&!
P&
&!
)3)!!
!!1!& !3
!!!!!'9:9:9:
,1!!&)
!&"!
>B<KB<K;?Q
'RM7/S8>;E9ALCB9LBD;EK?9T9;<9CBDDAI9GAH;KAL'
U!!&
!&!
!!&
'+!!&
&!!.R"
!!!V
Q
!!S!Q.'WM
7S8
OAD>A>9AK9?LIB<K;>9OL;IF9EBLK?I;<B9K?ALA>
>;D=?LAI9>BELBK?9OBK;K9=?EAF>@AB9OBL9?HLF>
BXAD9;<9?J=BL>;>9BXODFL?K9EFL<A?9KLA<E;>
<BE9LBJ;K9;<9O?>KA>N9<;>;9EAI9EBL=;EB9LBEBOK?
WMR BXEA>>;9OD?EABLB9KFL;N9IFX9LBJJ;K?9=;EKFL9
@AF>D;CBK9;<9>?DKA>9EFI;K?<K;CA>9?HI;<?9K?AL;>
;<=;KF9O?>KFLB9KL?Y;KN9>;E9=;L;CA>9;<O?L
KL?J;J;K9ZB>OBL;?I9OLFGAHA>@AB9OBL9[OAD?9LAL?
\LA<J;>;;9KAK?>9EF<EB>>;K9]?H<A>9;<9?LEB>:
^
!"
3)
!2!"!!3P!&
!!3!!23!!
!!*!
P!!
!!!
!&P
&)
&)!3!
&&"!"
!&)3
)&!
3!!(83!!3
%'''_!Q
.S67'
./
_&!!!"&&!_!Q
.S
.R
W76'
012 3456758
7
38
!"#!
!!$%&
' %%!(!)!%#*!#!+,-./,+012.+034,.5067.8,+9
!#: (!(!;<:!!(
%!%=>?%!((!!17682+
!%9)!%#*@:A#%&B
)!%#:!!!%<(&C&CDEF,5./07GH.-047-,80
.3I+70G.-46=>:#!!:!!<J&0K01=&
";)!%#:"9!!
@:!9!!!A!!!:<L&ELCKD2=F
0000000000000000000000000000000000-.30-2M4.N,01./6.60
,80M7846082826O.,08+7H,M604M0I,//701,M78,6
P7G4607GH.-04MN,M60121./460-23487M84I.60,5./Q
R!:!:!!9S:!
!!!:9!T&&)!%#U!:9%@9
((!%#A!&
' !!#A!:!
#!%!!(!!A!A!!SD9(
%!@(#%((LY#!!
V,M,4G<D&1KW00K0L9#&0D2A!=X(&D&1KEF
62/.607I0Z,61,+470M2M0[0,5480/.34M708,++7
\7NM.6]0G.30178+426012+8.6]0G.30/482+70M.3O.73
7G0P46.60+,G48.+706.2608,-8.3O.,0-7-.3,M
M.I4I.60,80G.I4260-,+M480P7M,6-,+,032M846Q
^T&&)!%#U!!:!%
!9: :!:%A!A!9
(!:!9!#(!:(!
%!&
_()!%#!!9!A!#!(LE
!@&`aa@(B#W&0KY19
#!@!#!!@#!F!%%A
(%#9!%?9!b(9!c!%9
d!!:#(e<$*!<0JJL=F(&W&JK02F
1,+,N+4M707-062+G4G706,G,60f0g237M260-,14801+2-,+,6=&h9#
LY ?&(!%%!iS<0JJL=LC!j%!<!
!LE!%S#!A!%(A!!S=&
k!(!!(^<0JJL=JDK02Y&
0123025367250829
%>
JPI?%1,)%&16%6',2%.--%LP#,%451#,6%2.%
81*251@'%(;%=1,,#(1$%2.%1&1#2%-020*'%4*0'$%30,#65/',2H%:5'%3.'/%
3*'6',26%5#/%16%0,Q062$;%'A#$')%#,%25'%/#,)%.-%5#6%-'$$.&R4#2#S',6%16%25'#*%
4#2;%#6%41320*')%(;%N./'%>
LHPGKJI
?T
U
V
U
BBW
VBWX
U
YU
B
V
B
UX
Z.*%).%@*#'-%1,)%-'1*%4'16'%2.%/1M'%25'%4*.&)%*1@'H%Z.&<%2..%$12'<%O'4#06%
1,)%5#6%@*'12%+#*20'<%30,#65')%(;%51*65%'A#$'<%4./'%2.%25'#*%/#,)H
:5'%6;/3125;%-.*%5#6%'A#$'%5'*'%#6%$#,M')%%25'#*%*'@*'2%12%,.2%5'')#,@%
5#6%+#'&6%#,%(..M%
<%&5#45%&.0$)%51+'%3*'+',2')%25'%614M%.-%25'#*%4#2;%
(;%N./'H%O'4#06%41,%3'*5136%('%6'',%16%25'%4.0,2'*&'#@52%2.%['2'$$06%
#,%(..M%
\T%25'%)#65.,.0*1($'%['2'$$06%0*@'6%'A#$'%-*./%]21$;%16%1%
4.&1*)$;%'A#2%1-2'*%=1,,#(1$E6%2*#0/35%12%81,,1'<%&5#$'%O'4#06E%0,Q062%
'A#$'%1-2'*%=1,,#(1$E6%.440312#.,%.-%81301%#6%1%/1*M%.-%5#6%+#*20'H%7%
6#/#$1*%3.6#2#+'%06'%.-%'A#$'%#,%25'%3*'6',212#.,%.-%1%N./1,%5'*.%#6%2.%
('%-.0,)%#,%25'%13.62*.35'%(;%^1(#06%80,4212.*%.-%25'%@*'12%81/#$$06%
1,)%5#6%*'20*,%-*./%'A#$'%2.%)'-'12%25'%_10$6%#,%LK\%̀8%1,)%4'$'(*12'%1%
2*#0/35%#,%25'%4#2;%&5#45%51)%6.%*'4',2$;%'A3'$$')%5#/%>GHGJK?T%
W
WW
a
U
B
B
U
LP%=.&'+'*<%F#$#06%,1**12'6<%5#6%65#3%&16%)#+'*2')%2.%8;*','%1,)%5'%1+.#)')%2.*20*'%
#,%81*251@'T%
HLGGJI\H
012 3456758
7
38
!
"!#"$
%&'()*+,-(,./('0,-(,(1,.(2&3('+*+4(5,1677384('0+.(2&39+:;+77+/(<*&1(
2&3*(0&1+(,./(=,.680+/4(,.(+:67+9+.-+*+/(-0+(5,;6-&7(6.(,(>0,*6&-4(0&'(
1,.2(=&/6+8('+*+(87,6.(=2(2&3*(*6)0-(0,./(-0,-(0,/(=++.(;3.680+/(?8>@(
'6-0(+:67+AB
C0+(;&6.-(0+*+(68(-0,-(5,167738(',8(-&&(.&=7+(-&(0&7/(,()*3/)+(,),6.8-(
D&1+(<&*(068(+:67+(,./('6776.)72(*+-3*.+/(-&(8,E+(068(>&3.-*2@
C038(-0+(1,6.(/+;7&21+.-(&<(-0+(-0+1+(&<(+:67+(6.(-0+(;&+1(8++18(-&(
=+(-&(38+(-0+(6/+,F8(+1&-6&.,7('+6)0-(-&(>,**2(6/+&7&)6>,7(/68,;;*&E,7(&*(
,;;*&E,7(,./(821;,-02@(G.(-0+(&.+(0,./4(6-(68(+1;0,-6>,772(/+;7&2+/(,8(
,.(6.837-(6.(E+*=,7(,--,>H(,./(.+),-6E+(>&11+.-4(,./(,8(-0+(,.-6>6;,-+/(
,./(I38-(;3.6801+.-(<&*(-0+(E677,6.&38(%,..6=,7(<&*(068(',*(,),6.8-(
D&1+@(G.(-0+(&-0+*(0,./4('+(J(./(-0+(+1&-6&.,772(821;,-0+-6>(;&'+*(
&<(+:67+(/+;7&2+/(-&()&&/(+<<+>-(6.(8>+.+8(&<(1&1+.-,*2(/&3=-(,=&3-(-0+(
+E+.-3,7(&3->&1+(&<(-0+(',*4(,./(6.(;*+8+.-,-6&.8(&<(D&1,.(,./(K-,76,.(
0+*&+8(,8(.&=7+(+:67+8@(C0+(-0+1+(&<(+:67+(=+7&.)8(1,6.72(-&(+E+.-8(
6.(-0+(;,8-(&*(<3-3*+L(&.72(-0+(6.)7&*6&38(;*&;&8+/(+:67+(&<(M+-+7738(
,./(-0+(3.I38-(+:67+(&<(N+>638(;*+8+.-(+:67+(,8(,(>&.-+1;&*,*2(+E+.-(
6.(-0+(O+>&./(P3.6>(Q,*4('06>0(8-*+88+8(6-8(821=&76>(,./(6/+&7&)6>,7(
<3.>-6&.@
C0+(E&2,)+(&<(-0+(R*)&(68(,(12-0&7&)6>,7(;7&-S76.+('06>0(6.E&7E+8(-0+(
-+1;&*,*2(+:67+(&<(-0+(1,6.(0+*&(,./(068(>&1;,.6&.8(,./(*+837-8(6.(
-0+(;+*1,.+.-(+:67+(&<(-0+(0+*&6.+@(T2(>&.-*,8-('6-0(-0+(U"4('+(0+*+(
0,E+(,.(+;6>(E&2,)+('06>0(1&E+8(<*&1(Q+8-(-&(V,8-(*,-0+*(-0,.(V,8-(-&(
Q+8-4(,./('06>0(68(,E&'+/72(,(-+1;&*,*2(,=8+.>+(<*&1(W*++>+(*,-0+*(
-0,.(,(<&3./,-6&.,7(I&3*.+2(6.-&(+:67+@(K.(X,7+*638(Y7,>>38F(E+*86&.(6.(
-0+UZ4(-0+(-0+1+(&<(+:67+(68(7,*)+72(;*&16.+.-(6.(-0+(-*+,-1+.-(
&<(M+/+,4(-0&3)0(6-(68(.&-(<&*)&--+.(-0,-([,8&.(,./(-0+(R*)&.,3-8(,*+(
+:67+8(&<(,(H6./@(C068(68(8-*+88+/(&.>+(6.(,(/68;,*,)6.)(,./(-+./+.-6&38(
*+<+*+.>+(=2(-0+(-2*,.-(R++-+84(;*+8+.-6.)(-0+1(,8(-0+(8>&3*6.)8(&<(
W*++>+(*,-0+*(-0,.(,8(-0+(61;*+886E+(768-(&<(0+*&+8(-0+2(,>-3,772(,*+(
\]@1^_`aL
##ZU!b"cde
!#f
!ff"Zg
O0,77([,8&.(1,H+(068(',2(-0*&3)0(R86,('6-0(J(<-2(+:67+8(\'0,-(,(80,1+Ba(
,./(80,77(&.+4(&.+B4(=&,-(-*+,-(1+(=+<&*+(&-0+*8('6-0(8&(76--7+(*+8;+>-(,8(-&(
>,**2(,',2(8;&678(<*&1(,(76E6.)(H6.)h
0123025367250829
!"#$%&
'&(()!*..
*(*+&+"(,.* *-
"(&
-
/012&((3!
*++*"*&,()
***"+#&*+
+#+""*!-4#"
&#&#&",()
*'&+20-55/05../03-6
"#&&(&,7
7#
(&&!*"++)'&
*"+#*,&*,
%8&920-5../13++
#&7#,#)*,7:;
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<=>?<@AB<CDEFBD<EGHHAFG<IAJDEAK
@ADGFGLEGK@AG<M>K>N<OBN<KG<P>LNBMGFG<CDNNAN
5.0 NGMBQANR<>QHDED<JGLGFAK<K>S<CF>HG<CGEBNEBR
< EALP<EBQB<FGJL>FAK<HDQGN<HAPEAN@AG<NACGFNALER
< FDCED<N>C>FDE><IAGFBLE<PAK<TGHHGFD<HAP>U
< CFDGEGFGD<BLIGFLDG<@ADG<LALP<NDPFDED<VBDLDG
< IGFE<PDNE>N<WGMGD<PO>F>NR<@AGKPAK@AG<CF>P>FAK
51 CDPED<CGEDER<KDLGDE<FGJLBN<LG<TBFJ><CDEGFLBNU
X(#"#+,
("#7*#
+*,*YY#;
(7*#+*#,(&%8&
,7+Y***"-9"9##
&Z#&&,
,((
"*7*-
!# &2+3&.0(**
+&+&;#)
&"
+&(*"
*+,(&%8&(*
+&(+(7,8&
*,&7%&"(
X +#9#2511:3-
..
'-[\2
]]:3
5]-
.
^_25113.-
.0
012 3456758
7
38
!"#
$%&'(#$"
)"*(+&#+"$,&"#
"$+---#
$".%"/#0+-1
"2#$"48&"!+&#"
"##"*3141251607 )%"#$$&1(
$,314195:07;
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<=>?>=@<ABCDCED><FGAG=DH
IJBAKLMGCED><NLBC<O>FBPDCED><>H>JCB<LDN>JAB>
>QLFLB<R<R<R
ST2#U&"+-"
!#V#+(""-"
W
)--"!3,#
"$2VX>@BHG=OKGC>CY04:%71#$
$--&"*+,-"
$%#"$Z"
$(+!.&311[\5607+*#"
])-!%,\-
/#$]^+_
*""3\6850:67)
*$!"3\00050:7;
< EDBFLC<D`L<>Q@=>HBC<IG<NBPB<C>J@L@<KB=>JBC
< ?>=@ED><=>?>=@ED><O>M>Ha<@DHLMG<EDBH<AGPL@<b=LJcC
< L=><HB=L<dKB=LB>ED><NGABJ@<@=BJC<B>EDG=B<HB@=>Ca
< AL=ADL@<KBDM<BFL@>=<?G=L̀DCED><LHO>JM>@<BO>=@LC
00: BJ<H>FLG=<XLJcBC<=>NGA>@<OB@>=W
_#-!"&#""#
%,+!+-$^#&"-
-$.&$;e#T
*U$#+--
"$*&%$W
)("$+-"
"-$+$"%!
%,"$--+%#$,
&$2#V%-!V"##(
f/g309927
48
0123025367250829
!"
#"$%
&""
'
(%"()
*"
$
!&
+,
-$
%$&.!
/,
,TTV0VT79,
--
!"#$%&'()*+,
--./0,
/
!
1
2!
!
,34,565.7
38!
3!!
19
:::::::::::::::::::::::;*:<=>>*?:@*A=B?:C='=B(D&=:(*)='A(E
*E@()=:B=E:F&G(>=E?:*AD&=:F*')?:@*A=B?:*E@()=:@BH>=G
=I&>(EJ:F&():H>(G:C='=B(E:@&;HBK
L+
+!!
/8
!
MM+!!+
+
8
N!
!,
!
$8!
-
!!/
8
,OP +38/P
!
Q!/
/
8
1$!8"
,4RR.609
A&:G(F(:SHBA(E:*;F&)?:G(F(?:D&*=:A&*:'H)A=:;(=D&=:
=I(>(*:=BBHB=ED&=:T:=H:(*G:(*GD&=:A&G='A=G:
@>*)*U(:A(<(:E*=@=:@*AB=GV
3//+
!!8
!!8
!8!8!
8
88W
/!!X/
8
,1$
Y+!!8
38/!!
/P
8
/
+P
-5
!!
"R,ZZ.
09
A&'=:(>>=:=I(>(H:U*C&E:=A:G(E=B*<(>(E:FHE@=EV
D&=G:'H':@=BGHU=*EV
3
!+
/8W[
!
W
-- \
!=I&>:
]F=<*(;^ "
66
057,
- #2!"
6570_5Z`8,aK
Z,7
._+
bc
-5
2!
O,
3#"
66-0_4
+=I(>(H:U*C&EP
!
1U*C&E:=I&>
,4
_,
012 3456758
7
38
!"#$
%%&'%(&)*$%
'$&'%(+!"#),
)(%-,()%,
$",&))(.,-%(
/% 02*1223145
122 6789:;<9=>?:6>?@<ABC?D:9D=A=7?B9E<>
? 8B97:8?<8?6>:776<?9<F:<9=G8?>BG8:E=7?=>E96<H
? <C?I=B?;968<9?:GBJ7?:KGB86?J<9?BJJ:F6?89:78<7
? <C=A?6K:8?D67=7L?<8?8<?:6>?8<>J=7?6J<98B
? 7=E?MB@<?;<99<?F:<7?8<99<G6I=<?;9:KB96?><>E9:7
121?F=D<9<?<8?<C8<9GB7?7=>>:77=>?6>E:9<?J<G68<7N
'%(%O$,$%
%.(%(()$%
%#,&%(
)%%(%)+%("%.(
$%%+())($,*
',)#$()%(&
,(..'%(")%(%&P%
$(Q02*RS25:=78:7?>:7D<G7?N?N?N?67J<964*
'%((#T%&
.%U))0*120315
<DD<?6=8<>?6G8:I=6>?;68B?V6AWFBG6?9<A:GI=<G7
XA<G:=7?YWF<=7?Z?;968<9G:?76GK=:G:7?:AA=>
DBG7D:=7?[B99B9?6K:8\?<6F<>?7=E?GBD8<?7BJB96
A=7896?8<9:8?N?N?N
'.]'%(&,$%T%$(
^$,(%%^.(,
)%(%),***
'#%0%4%.(%1_
.)'%(.%#%%(
%!&U.(,%$,
.`,)$+2*!,
$%#&,.
<C=A:E=7?N?N?N?J689:6I=<?;=K68:702*0S24&%%.)
)..!%%'%(
S*1S31R5
a%b(00SR24222*
1_
0123025367250829
!
"
#
$$
%
&$
'
!
'
$
$
!
(
)*+,-*./012.30456*05708902:8.;0<.034,.0890=:23,3>-*/0,.034,.034*0->*0:*?2:-0
3423095>01,*04*:*/0-*2-/0,+034*0423*-012+-0570@2-8>./0?4,1*0<0280.3,11021,A*B0
C5?0<028075:0*A*:02+0*D,1*02+-0207>=,3,A*/0.,+E*/0?:*3E4*-08*/0<042A*015.30
2+534*:0F:534*:02+-020F*33*:05+*G
H519+,E*.I0*D,1*0,.0+5?03:>1908,.*:2F1*0?,345>3034*0E5862+,5+.4,60570
J9-*>./0.42:*:057LM04,.075:3>+*.0,+0*D,1*02+-0?2:/02+-0203:>*:0F:534*:0342+0
34*0*A,10K3*5E1*.G
NO0+210*D,1,E0O0=>:*0,+034*065*805>3.,-*034*0E*+3:21061530,.034*0
P*8+,2+06:,+E*..0Q96.,691*/0*+E5>+3*:*-0F9034*0N:=,A*02:890*+0:5>3*0
350J4*F*.02.034*0,+*77*E3,A*0+>:.*82,-035034*04261*..0C*8*2+06:,+E*0
)64*13*.G0Q*:0.35:90,.07285>.190351-0230=:*2301*+=340,+0F55R00STMULVMW/0
:5>+-,+=05770?,3404*:0-*.E:,63,5+02.0&$
X
Y0SGLVVUWG0ZE4512:.0
=*+*:211902=:**03423034*0*A,-*+3065,+3.0570E5+32E30F*3?**+034,.0P*8+,2+0
*6,.5-*02+-034*0.45:3*:0P*8+,2+0*6,.5-*0,+0[21*:,>.LV0\12EE>.0STGMTULT]W0
.>==*.3034230Z323,>.0R+*?02+-0?:53*0273*:0[21*:,>.G0<7034,.0,.0.5/034*:*0
,.0207>:34*:/08*32645:,E210.*+.*0,+0?4,E40Q96.,691*0,.02+0*D,1*^0.4*0,.0
,+0*D,1*07:5802+534*:08934515=,E210.35:9/03423057034*0N:=5+2>3./02+-0,70
34*0E5885+0:*123,A*0-23,+=02+-0-,:*E3,5+0570,+3*:3*D3>21,390,.02EE*63*-/0
.4*0E5>1-0*A*+0F*0.2,-0350F*0_,+0*D,1*I034:5>=404*:01,3*:2:90-,.612E*8*+30
7:5802+534*:0E5+3*865:2:9065*8G
N.0.>==*.3*-0,+,3,2119/034,.0:26,-0.>:A*9057034*0>.*057034*034*8*0570*D,1*0
,+0.,D0825̀:0P23,+0*6,E.02,8.0350.45?045?0*2E4065*80>.*.034,.0*1*8*+30
75:0,3.05?+062:3,E>12:06>:65.*.02.0?*1102.0-*85+.3:23,+=034230.>E4020
-:2823,E0,-*2042.020+23>:210612E*0,+034*085.30*1*A23*-5701,3*:2:90=*+:*.G0
J4*0R3,.3,E02.6*E30570*D,1*0.50E*+3:21035034*0a0>+.>:6:,.,+=190>+-*:1,*.0
85.3057034*0123*:0>.*.057034*034*8*^0345>=40)A,-I.0b082R*.0
8>E4057034*01,+R.0F*3?**+0*D,1*02+-0649.,E2103:2+.75:823,5+02+-06*:426.0
4,+3.0230)A,-I.05?+0*D,1*/0,3021.50E1*2:19075115?.0.*A*:210.3:2+-.0570R3,.3,E0
*D,1*0.35:9/0?4,1*0F5340P>E2+02+-0Z323,>.I0c06:*.*+30*D,1*02.02+0
,+-,E235:0570+23,5+210E232.3:564*/0612,+190,+A*:3,+=034*075>+-23,5+210:51*0
570*D,1*0,+034*0aG0Z,1,>.0-*6159.0*D,1*075:0,-*515=,E2102+-0*853,5+210
0Z**034*0.986234*3,E02+219.,.057034,.0.E*+*0230d*?2:0S
VV
W0e]UMG
LM
0Z**034*0A,*?.0E511*E3*-0F90N:,Ef0S
VV
W02+-0Q*:.4R5?,3g0S
VVMW0eeG
LV
0N62:307:58034*03:2-,3,5+0570R3,.3,E0*D,1*0,+0h:**R02+-0P23,+0*6,E/0@,E*:5I.0>.*0570
012 3456758
7
38
!"##"$
%$&!'#'!(&!)*!
+!$*&#!'!#)&(
*!,##(&!-*.!/)&&)!(
!&!)01!$#&!(('#$!
(!!$#&!!"!!!$#!
*(!!&!!(!*!$)'#
#$(!&!##&(#!2$
(!!!$!)#&!)#!!)(&)
##!!(3!(#&01$(!*
!$($!#&!##(!!4
&!$)(#(&!05
*!#&!$!#$#6'7!!()'
*#8$06!.(!6!&&009:0!'&)
&009;0
5<($!=,$#!()&$!((!&'!$
#0