MODULE 2

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1. Let’s dig deeper!

1. What is the contribution of Copernicus in the philosophy of science?

Some contributions of Copernicus in the philosophy of science are he
introduced the heliocentric concept of the solar system. Previously, the earth was
thought to be the center. He stated that the seasons, the sun's rise and fall each day,
the planetary movement, and the movement of the stars were all caused by the earth's
rotations.

2. What is Darwin’s contribution to modern science?

The theory of evolution through natural selection is Darwin's contribution to

modern science. The origin and adaptability of organisms were brought within the
realm of science with his discovery of natural selection. He completed the Copernican
Revolution by developing the concept of nature for biology as a system of matter in
motion guided by natural laws.

3. How can Darwin’s evolutionary theory influence the following fields in modern
times:
 Economy

It was frequently proposed in the decades that followed the publication of The 
Origin of Species that Darwin's theory had consequences for the economic order. It w
as said that Darwinism illustrated the efficacy of competition and provided a defense 
of capitalism.

 Agriculture

The success of plant and animal breeders in enhancing crops and livestock
simply by picking which plants and animals get to reproduce was Darwin's finest case
for the power of natural selection. It is now up to modern evolutionary biologists to
return Darwin's debt to agriculture by uncovering evolutionary improvements in
nature that we can adapt to agriculture.

 Political Science

The standard model of natural selection is inadequate for understanding

politics. If we want to define politics in Darwinian terms, artificial selection, rather
than natural selection, would be the best notion for describing the course of politics in
real society.

 Religion

Although some religious organizations dismissed Darwin's theory as

intrinsically atheistic, many religious traditions have welcomed it and investigated
 how Darwin has had a positive impact on religious thinking. Evolution can assist
religious individuals in affirming that God's creative work is a continuous
involvement over time. As a result, the openness and flexibility of divine creative
activity can be recognized. .

4. How can you describe Freudian ideas as a scientist?

Science defines itself not by its subject, but by its method. This is a way to

find more reliable information than using common sense. For Freud, in the argument
of "two societies" that the great division of our intellectual beings makes it
unreasonable to use what we call "subjective" data to analyze our own subjectivity.
It was easy to understand how he lived before it was reflected. He rejects it. Since the
mind is subjective in the same sense, it is pseudoscientific to refuse to observe Freud's
patients and himself because they are subjective.