JOB SATISFACTION IN PRIVATE JOBS AND GOVERNMENT JOBS:

STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE

By

Anusha Purba Khan

1931782620

Section: 30

School of Business and Economics

To

Dr. Shakila Nur

Assistant Professor

North South University

Research Paper Submitted in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the ENG105 Course

25th September, 2020

 Acknowledgement

First and foremost, glory and gratitude to Allah, the Almighty, for His showers of
blessings which helped me in completing the study successfully and guided me in these tough
times to perform my research work. For keeping me and my family stable and secure through
this pandemic, all credit goes to Him.

Secondly, I would like to express my profound and heartfelt appreciation to Dr. Shakila
Nur, Assistant Professor of the Department of English and Modern Languages, North South
University, my research supervisor and faculty member, who was very supportive and led me
extensively from the very beginning. I was offered this incredible opportunity by her to pick
and study a focus of my preference. Through this, I was able to develop an awareness of the
viewpoint of others in some specific job fields.

Finally, I am immensely thankful to my parents for their affection, their prayers, their
care and their contributions for my future education and preparation. I also thank my survey
respondents, who took some precious time out of their busy schedules and helped me with
my research. I was able to perform my research because of their encouragement and obtain
knowledge into many topics that were foreign to me.

i
 Declaration of Originality

The research paper includes no information that any other person has previously
published or written. The entire document has been properly cited.

Anusha Purba Khan

Date: 22/09/2020

ii
 Abstract

Both the job sectors, private and public, have a huge impact on our economy. It is
clear that, owing to the financial crisis, many public institutions are under the management of
the private sector. Therefore, both fields are now exchanging their useful ideas together to
create a major role in our economy. Today, the business world is looking for the newest and
excellent innovations, contributing to the discovery of emerging talent, allowing them the
ability to gain and demonstrate their talents. This research paper determines whether the
degree of work satisfaction for workers influences young stars in both private and public
organizations and the reasons why the future generation prefers private sectors over public.

iii
Table of Contents

Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................... i

Declaration of Originality .......................................................................................... ii

Abstract .................................................................................................................... iii

1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 5

2. Literature Review .................................................................................................. 6

3. Methodology ......................................................................................................... 7

3.1 The Research Questions .................................................................................. 7

3.2 Method of Data Collection .............................................................................. 7

3.3 Data Analysis .................................................................................................. 8

4. Findings ............................................................................................................... 10

5. Discussion ........................................................................................................... 27

6. Conclusion and Recommendations ...................................................................... 28

References ............................................................................................................... 29

Appendix ................................................................................................................. 30

iv
1. Introduction

Job satisfaction is often described as a pleasant emotional state arising from the
assessment of one's employment; an adaptive reaction to one's position and an attitude to one's
work. We may argue that work satisfaction is a mindset, but researchers can specifically
differentiate the artifacts that influence, emotion, values and actions in cognitive assessment.
The common aim of Bangladesh's public and private sectors is to establish an enormous impact
in the economy. To meet the economic goal, their facilities are delivered by the public and
private sectors. All the areas work hard by pursuing their own disaster and providing their good
results. In general, the public sector is more valuable in a society, and all in all. It is facing
some kinds of troubles lately due to some financial and mishandling crises and being unable to
set up the remark of performance day after day. As a result, many public sectors are susceptible
to private sector regulation.

Job satisfaction, while obviously related, is not the same as motivation. Job satisfaction
is a significant issue in the field of skilled obligations. Job architecture is intended to increase
work satisfaction and performance; strategies include task rotation, work extension, and job
enrichment. Other effects on productivity include management style and community,
engagement of workers, competitiveness and independent role of employment. Today the
business world is looking for the new and excellent ideas, contributing to the discovery of the
young talents, providing them a variety of earnings and allowing them the opportunity to show
their skills and do a part-time work.

Within the research paper the researcher concentrated on the distinction between private
and public sectors, the importance of public private collaboration and how the private domains
are the first priority for the young job seekers. This research is especially focused on the youth's
diverting attention toward the private sector. Via the survey, their new ideas, viewpoints, and
current reflections got priority.

[1]
2. Literature Review

The Job Characteristics Model, which is commonly used as a paradigm to research

how unique job characteristics affect job performance, including job satisfaction, was
proposed by Hackman & Oldham. The model notes that there are five main job
characteristics like skill diversity, role identity, task importance, autonomy, and feedback that
influence three essential psychological states such as experienced meaningfulness,
experienced outcome accountability, and actual outcome knowledge, in turn impacting work
outcomes of worker satisfaction, absenteeism, motivation, etc. The five core job attributes
can be combined to shape a motivational ability score for a job and can be used as an
indicator of how likely a job is to influence the attitudes and behaviors of an employee.

A research was undertaken by Britta Hagen and the University Of Tubingen,

Germany, in which work satisfaction, employment ambivalence and job efficiency were
assessed. In addition, they used a scale that is of a similar general nature to work results to
assess job satisfaction. More precisely, both in research into social psychological attitudes
and in research into employment attitudes, it has been argued that it is necessary for attitude
and behavioral interventions to be consistent with their degree of generality. That is, the
accuracy of attitude behavior has been proposed and demonstrated to be stronger as both
attitudes and behavior are evaluated at the same degree of abstraction. Given that overall
work performance is a global measurement of behavior, we have opted to test career attitudes
of the youth with an equally wide test of scope. High-intensity internal marketing creates a
favorable effect on employee engagement and job attraction for the youth, according to the
longitudinal research reports, and low-intensity internal marketing results in a negative
impact on employee engagement and job attraction. The influence of sentimental
relationships on employee engagement is influential and positive; workers with internal
management characteristics disclose a higher degree of interaction than those with external
control.

This paper primarily narrates briefly about what has been researched so far about the
young generation and their work aspirations, which depends on their idea of job satisfaction
factors and the sector providing them properly.

[2]
3. Methodology

This section is sub divided into few divisions explaining the methods of the study. The
researcher discussed the study issues, the process of data collection, the number of respondents
involved in the surveys, and the review of evidence.

3.1 The Research Questions

The suggested research was mainly driven by the following research questions:

I. Why is public private collaboration important?

II. Why and how are private domains the first priority for the young job seekers?

3.2 Method of Data Collection

Different inquiries have been attempted to collect solid and appropriate data as well as
opinion of the citizens, particularly the young university students, in case of completing the
research about the increasing hype of private sector compared to public. The data for the
study is obtained from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data is collected and
compiled from young students of a renowned university of Bangladesh through a
standardized questionnaire. To provide the actual reaction to this initiative, the questionnaire
and the survey are performed on the students who are involved in answering and attending all
the inquiries. . The reliability of the measures will be assessed using a test-retest reliability
methodology and validity will be tested by testing validity of the material. The secondary
data is to be collected via desk analysis covering journal papers, research monographs,
textbooks and numerous published and unpublished materials on the subject. Owing to some
inevitable situations, like examination of students, it was not possible to perform a study on a
significant number of people.

[3]
3.3 Data Analysis

For the questionnaire survey, a questionnaire was sent to one hundred students from a
renowned university in Bangladesh via e-mail and other social networking applications. Since
the researcher made all the questions mandatory, the respondents answered accordingly. The
aim of this research is to figure out why young job seekers are more interested in the private
sector than they are in the employment public. The questionnaire contains nineteen questions
that inquire about their views and used a four-measure scale that is firmly in agree, somewhat
agree, somewhat disagree and strongly disagree. The replies are to be kept confidential at all
times, and never be directly connected to anybody.

While the researcher hoped of getting around fifty responses, unexpectedly seventy-
five questionnaires (forty-six male & twenty-nine female) were completed and therefore
maintained for data analysis of the questionnaires received via e-mail and other applications.
All the participants were students.

Participants
50
45
45

40

35
30
30

25

20

15

10

0
Final Year First, Second or Third Year

Figure 1. Number of participants from the mentioned academic year

[4]
 Participants
49
50

45

40

35

30
26
25

20

15

10

0
Looking for a Job Not looking for a Job

Figure 2. Number of participants looking for a job

Out of the 75 participants, 46 were male (61.3%) and 29 were female (38.7%). In the
above shown bar graphs, Fig 1 shows the respondents who are in their final year (60%) and
respondents who are in their first, second or third year (40%). Accordingly, Fig. 2 shows the
respondents who are looking for a job (65.3%) and respondents who are not looking for a job
(34.7%).

With the aid of statistics, the numerical data from the questionnaire survey was
evaluated. Thus, in favor of or against private sectors, the researcher was able to infer the
proportion of results. She analyzed their general perceptions of the work industries. The next
segment indicates the outcomes and conclusions of the study that was transmitted by the
questionnaire survey.

[5]
4. Findings

The results of the quantitative questionnaire survey will be illustrated through

graphical representations in this section. In the survey, a total of 19 questions were asked and
it was made obligatory for the participants to respond to all the questions, as stated before. So
all of the questions were answered by all 72 participants.

1) Young job seekers prefer private sector over public.

Participants
0, 0%
3, 4%

26, 35%

46, 61%

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Somewhat Agree Strongly Agree

In this question, majority of the participants tended to strongly agree. Out of the 75
responses, 0 strongly disagreed and 3 others somewhat disagreed. 26 people out of 75
somewhat agreed, while a majority of 46 strongly agreed to it.

[6]
2) There are reasons that prevent the public sector from touching the height of the sky or
the public area in need of private sector co-operation nowadays.

Participants
1, 1% 3, 4%

29, 39%
42, 56%

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Somewhat Agree Strongly Agree

From the questionnaire survey, here comes the second statement. Here, the
participants were asked if they felt that the public sector could do well with the aid of
the private sector. They were also asked whether they approved or disagreed with the
argument that there are reasons why public enterprises do not prosper. 42 of the
participants said that they strongly agreed. 29 others somewhat agreed while 3 of
them chose to somewhat disagree. 1 of the participants strongly disagreed to the
statement.

[7]
3) Several institutes switch to privatization.

Participants
0, 0% 5, 7%

27, 36%
43, 57%

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Somewhat Agree Strongly Agree

43 of the participants were strongly in agreement with the argument that a number of
organizations were transitioning to privatization, while a further 27 were less in
agreement. Around 5 of them disagreed somewhat, although none strongly disagreed.

[8]
4) The funding issue presents danger to the public sector.

Participants
4, 5%
7, 9%

18, 24%

46, 62%

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Somewhat Agree Strongly Agree

46 of the participants strongly agreed with the statement in this question, while 18
others somewhat agreed. 7 participants, on the other hand, indicated that they
disagreed with the statement and 4 others strongly disagreed.

[9]
5) The private sector is capable of attracting everyone's attention in a few days and
adding substantially.

Participants
1, 1% 5, 7%

19, 25%

50, 67%

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Somewhat Agreed Strongly Agreed

A majority of 50 firmly agreed with the students when presented with this assertion,
while 19 others agreed moderately with the argument. Only 1 person firmly disagreed,
although 5 others disagreed somewhat.

[10]
6) Public sector should solve the question of mismanagement.

Participants
0, 0% 3, 4%

19, 25%

53, 71%

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Somewhat Agree Strongly Agree

50 of the answers to this argument were highly agreed upon and 19 were quite in
agreement with this comment. 3 of the participants said that they disagreed with the
assertion slightly, while 3 others said that they disagreed strongly.

[11]
7) The primary justification for restructuring public sector is to reduce the fiscal deficit.

Participants
1, 1%
7, 9%

36, 48%

31, 42%

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Somewhat Agree Strongly Agree

In this statement, 36 chose the "Strongly Agree" alternative. 7 of them disagreed with
the argument slightly, although 1 of the others strongly disagreed. 31 of the
respondents agreed quite with the argument, which is what I predicted.

[12]
8) Public sector should solve the question of mismanagement.

Participants
0, 0% 3, 4%

19, 25%

53, 71%

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Somewhat Agree Strongly Agree

This claim is very complicated since, based on interactions and understanding, it was
meant to be new. In the chart, the same can be noted, as 19 students somewhat agreed,
although only 3 of them somewhat disagreed. A majority of 53 respondents strongly
agreed with the statement, although none of them strongly disagreed.

[13]
9) The primary justification for restructuring public sector is to reduce the fiscal deficit.

Participants
1, 1%
7, 9%

36, 48%

31, 42%

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Somewhat Agree Strongly Agree

Again, according to the answers, a majority of 36 participants strongly approved,

while only 1 other participant strongly opposed the assertion. 31 individuals agreed
somewhat, although a meagre 7 said they disagreed with the assertion somewhat.

[14]
10) The private sectors invest in creativity and offer those scopes to the young job seekers.

Participants
0, 0% 2, 2%

23, 31%

50, 67%

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Somewhat Agree Strongly Agree

50 of the participants agreed strongly with the claim. And 23 others said they
approved too. But once again, 2 persons objected slightly and none of the participants
actively opposed it.

[15]
11) The problems face the avoidance of the government's monitoring system for the public
sector.

Participants
1, 1% 1, 1%

25, 34%

48, 64%

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Somewhat Agree Strongly Agree

Most of the participants stated that public sector matters were improperly controlled
by the government. 48 persons firmly agreed with the document, while 25 others
merely agreed. Just 1 respondent disagreed with the statement, while another firmly
rejected it.

[16]
12) Higher wages attract candidates to the private sector in addition to a good and
convenient environment.

Participants
1, 1% 1, 1%

14, 19%

59, 79%

Strongly Disagree Somewhat Disagree Somewhat Agree Strongly Agree

The respondents who strongly agreed with this claim won a majority because 59 out
of 75 were on the same board, while 14 others refused to compromise. Just 1 of the
participants objected strongly, although another disagreed.

[17]
 Next, participants were asked to answer these questions based on what they have
heard from both professions and which one they choose for their profession.

STUDENTS’ VIEW BASED ON PERSONAL OPINION

13) Which sector are you interested in?

Participants
4

71

Private Public

The preference is pretty obvious from the answers to this query. Out of 75, 71
students favored the private sector. Just 4 chose to select the public sector for their
occupation.

[18]
14) Which sector makes a significant contribution to our economy?

Participants
11, 15%

64, 85%

Private Public

In this question, a total of 64 participants selected private sector. That indicates that
85 percent of respondents agree that the private sector contributes substantially to our
country's economy.

[19]
15) What environment helps us to make the most of the luxury?

Participants
6, 8%

69, 92%

Private Public

As all the participants are from Dhaka, the researcher was not expecting such a
significant number of public sector supportive responses. 69 respondents accepted
that more comfortable lives are offered by the private sector. Just 6 other people
objected.

[20]
16) Which sector has a huge chance of increasing employment?

Participants

16, 21%

59, 79%

Private Public

This may be seen as an example of how the private sector is preferred by the majority
of students. 59 preferred the private sector, while only 16 preferred the public sector.

[21]
17) What sector has made its point of overcoming the lower middle income nation in
Bangladesh?

Participants
8, 11%

67, 89%

Private Public

This illustrates how students think it's an opportunity for the private sector to
construct their careers. The researcher may therefore say that, because a majority of
67 agree that the private sector has made its argument of overcoming the lower
middle income nation in Bangladesh, the participants favor the private sector more.

[22]
5. Discussion

The outcomes of the analysis from the above listed information will be discussed in
this section.

The key justification for preferring private companies is the versatility of the work
depending on the outcome. Innovative and creative concepts are often important for capturing
the interest of students. In addition to a healthy and comfortable climate, voters are readily
drawn by higher pay. The researcher recognized that in private sector employment there is a
good management framework. The private sector has a huge chance of increasing
employment because employees are respected and judged by the seniors. Often they get
rewards that motivates them to work with diligent effort at the end of the day. People
specifically reject doing it in the public field. These issues are faced by the evasion of the
government's public sector management scheme.

These occupations are rather monotonous, according to university students. The

principal aspect of this boringness is the absence of variety. The image of government
employment is damaged by corruption. Perhaps a long work process causes tediousness
among the candidates.

After judging all the details, facts, in the end it can be said that in the perspective of
Bangladesh, the private sector is better than the public one. By lending lots of excellent
facilities, the private industry proves itself. It was very difficult to come to a conclusion about
the influence of both since two of the sectors operate in different fields with considerable
honesty and concern and even convey numerous resources to the customers.

According to the researcher, public-private partnerships can cover public-good

requirements characterized by indivisibility and non-exclusiveness, natural monopoly
characterized by reducing labor costs, associated operating costs, and lumpy investment
characterized by long gestation periods. In order to offer a service by sharing the costs and
benefits of the company under a contractual obligation, it is a beneficial partnership between
the government and separate private sector companies.

[23]
6. Conclusion and Recommendations

In reality, on various platforms, both sectors are essential. This coin has both sides.
Therefore, the light and dark elements of both industries also add a great deal to our nation.
Their relationship brings many benefits to the growth of our national economy, which is
especially assisted by the private sector.

The public sector is also making its case by uploading a variety of initiatives to add to
our economy and to society's welfare. In order to make it healthier and more solvent, the
private sector is doing its hardest to create a 100 percent commitment and to boost social
conditions and the economy. Human brains are longing for new spheres.

Private sectors trust in creativity and offer these areas to young job seekers. They
accomplish a set aim and encourage numerous new innovations that literally catch the young
generation's fresh and soft minds. They grant private industries greater priority at the end of
the day.

It is often not easy to take the attention of private sector into account. A partnership
between the public and private sector is recommended as it will increasingly open the doors
of hope, thus shortening the distance between the two sectors, which is a good signal for our
country. Bangladesh should strive to bind these two sectors by building a bridge.

[24]
References

1) Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. Motivation through the design of work: Test
of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, vol-16,
p.250-279, (1976).

2) Fisher D., Mood and emotions while working: missing pieces of job satisfaction?
Journal of Organizational Behavior 21, (2000).

[25]
Appendix

ONLINE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE: STUDENTS

A B C D
Strongly Somewhat Somewhat Strongly
Disagree Disagree Agree Agree

1. Young job seekers prefer private sector over

public.

2. There are reasons that prevent the public sector

from touching the height of the sky or the public
area in need of private sector co-operation
nowadays.

3. Several institutes switch to privatization.

4. The funding issue presents danger to the public

sector.

5. The private sector is capable of attracting

everyone's attention in a few days and adding
substantially.

6. Public sector should solve the question of

mismanagement.

7. The primary justification for restructuring public

sector is to reduce the fiscal deficit.

8. The private sectors invest in creativity and offer

those scopes to the young job seekers.

9. The problems face the avoidance of the

government's monitoring system for the public
sector.

10. Higher wages attract candidates to the private

sector in addition to a good and convenient
environment.

[26]
 A B
PRIVATE PUBLIC

11. Which sector are you interested in?

12. What sector makes a significant contribution to our

economy?

13. What environment helps us to make the most of the

luxury?

14. Which sector has a huge chance of increasing

employment?

15. What sector has made its point of overcoming the

lower middle income nation in Bangladesh?

[27]