ery A. Cole -K. RockswoldInstructor's Solutions Manual Volume 2 to Accompany Swokowski’s Calculus: The Classic Edition Jeffery A. Cole Anoka-Ramsey Community College Gary K. Rockswold Minnesota State University, Mankato Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning... Australia * Canada * Mexico * Singapore + Spain * United Kingdom * United StatesCOPYRIGHT® 1991 by Brooks/Cole A division of Thomson Learning ‘The Thomson Learning logo is a trademark used herein under license. For more information about this or any other Brooks/Cole products, contact: BROOKS/COLE 511 Forest Lodge Road Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA www. brookscole.com 1-800-423-0563 (Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center) All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, transcribed, or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and/or retrieval systems—without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. ISBN 0-534-38274-6PREFACE This manual contains answers to all exercises in Chapters 9 through 19 of the text, Calculus: The Classic Edition, by Earl W. Swokowski. For most problems, a reasonably detailed solution is included. We have tried to correlate the length of the solutions with their difficulty. It is our hope that by merely browsing through the solutions, the instructor will save time in determining appropriate assignments for their particular class. All figures are new for this edition. Most function values have been plotted using computer software, and we are very happy with the high precision provided by this method. We would appreciate any feedback concerning errors, solution correctness, solution style, or manual style. These and any other comments may be sent directly to us or in care of the publisher. We would like to thank: Editor Dave Geggis, for entrusting us with this project and continued support; Earl Swokowski, for his assistance; Sally Lifland and Gail Magin of Lifland, et al., Bookmakers, for assembling the final manuscript; and George and Bryan Morris, for preparing the new figures. We dedicate this book to our wives, Joan and Wendy, and thank them for their support and understanding. Jeffery A. Cole Gary K. Rockswold Anoka-Ramsey Community College Minnesota State University, Mankato 11200 Mississippi Blvd. NW P.O. Box 41 Coon Rapids, MN 55433 Mankato, MN 56002To the Instructor In the review sections, the solutions are abbreviated since more detailed solutions were given in sections. In easier groups of exercises, representative solutions are shown. When appropriate, only the answer is listed. When possible, we tried to make each piece of art with the same scale to show a realistic and consistent graph. This manual was done using EXP: The Scientific Word Processor. The following notations are used in the manual. Note: Notes to the instructor pertaining to hints on instruction or conventions to follow. {} {comments to the reader are in braces} LHS, RHS {Left Hand Side, Right Hand Side — used for identities } > {implies, next equation, logically follows } ? {if and only if, is equivalent to } . {bullet, used to separate problem statement from solution or explanation } {used to identify the answer to the problem } {For all, i.e., Vz means “for all 2”.} — {a} {The set of all real numbers except «. } { therefore } *~ § {section references } v R (continued on next page)The following notations are defined in the manual, and also listed here for convenience. DNE L,1,8 7S 4 {8} {3} cD AG, CC DERIV VAI {Does Not Exist } {the original limit, integral, or series } {the result is obtained from using the trapezoidal rule or Simpson’s rule } {integration by parts has been applied — the parts are defined following the solution } {L’Hopital’s rule is applied when this symbol appears } {converges or convergent, diverges or divergent } {absolutely convergent, conditionally convergent } {see notes in §11.8 and §11.9 for this notation } {vertex, focus, and directrix of a parabola } ©, V, F, M {center, vertices, foci, and end points of the minor axis of an ellipse} C, V, F, W {center, vertices, foci, and end points of the conjugate axis of a hyperbola } D {discriminant value (B* — 4AC) in §12.4} VT,HT — {vertical tangent, horizontal tangent } hl {increasing, decreasing } CN {critical number(s) } PL { point(s) of inflection } CU,CD {concave up, concave down } MAX, MIN {absolute maximum or minimum } SP {saddle point } [7] {equation number n} s {surface area} J {Jacobian } A {the value of F-<—fe, —fy, 1>} IF {integrating factor } LMAX, LMIN {local maximum or minimum } VA, HA, OA { vertical, horizontal, or oblique asymptote } QI, QIL, QUI, QIV {quadrants I, II, HI, TV} NTH, INT, BCT, LCT, RAT, ROT, AST {various series tests: nth-term, integral, basic comparison, limit comparison, ratio, root, the alternating series }INSTRUCTOR'S SOLUTIONS MANUAL VOLUME 2Table of Contents 9 TECHNIQUES OF INTEGRATION.. 9.1 Integration by Parts # 1 9.2 Trigonometric Integrals « 7 9.3 Trigonometric Substitutions ¢ 10 9.4 Integrals of Rational Functions » 15 9.5 Integrals Involving Quadratic Expressions © 24 9.8 — Miscellaneous Substitutions # 27 9.1 Tables of Integrals « 30 9.8 Review Exercises « 33 10 INDETERMINATE FORMS AND IMPROPER INTEGRALS 10.1 The Indeterminate Forms 0/0 and oo/oo « 43 10.2 Other Indeterminate Forms ¢ 47 10.3 Integrals with Infinite Limits of Integration e 52 10.4 Integrals with Discontinuous Integrands « 57 10.5 Review Exercises « 62 11 INFINITE SERIES... 11.1 Sequences ¢ 65 11.2 Convergent or Divergent Series + 69 11.3 Positive-Term Series # 75 11.4 The Ratio and Root Tests « 81 11.5 Alternating Series and Absolute Convergence © 84 11.6 Power Series « &8 11.7 Power Series Representations of Functions « 93 11.8 Maclaurin and Taylor Series # 98 11.9 Applications of Taylor Polynomials « 105 11.10 The Binomial Series « 110 11.11 Review Exercises « 113 12 TOPICS FROM ANALYTIC GEOMETRY... 12.1 Parabolas ¢ 121 12.2 Ellipses ¢ 129 12.3 Hyperbolas ¢ 138 12.4 Rotation of Axes « 146 12.5 Review Exercises « 15013 14 15 vi PLANE CURVES AND POLAR COORDINATES . 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 VECTORS AND SURFACE! 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 VECTOR-VALUED FUNCTIONS ... 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.7 PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 16.8 16.9 Plane Curves ¢ 159 ‘Tangent Lines and Are Length ¢ 170 Polar Coordinates © 176 Integrals in Polar Coordinates # 188 Polar Equations of Conics # 194 Review Exercises © 199 Vectors in Two Dimensions e 209 Vectors in Three Dimensions « 213 The Dot Product » 216 The Vector Product « 220 Lines and Planes ¢ 223 Surfaces « 230 Review Exercises 237 Vector-Valued Functions and Space Curves 243 Limits, Derivatives, and Integrals ¢ 248 Motion « 254 Curvature © 258 ‘Tangential and Normal Components of Acceleration © 266 Review Exercises # 269 Functions of Several Variables « 273 Limits and Continuity © 278 Partial Derivatives © 281 Increments and Differentials ¢ 288 Chain Rules e 294 Directional Derivatives © 300 ‘Tangent Planes and Normal Lines # 305 Extrema of Functions of Several Variables « 310 Lagrange Multipliers © 319 16.10 Review Exercises e 32317 MULTIPLE INTEGRALS .. 18 nl 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 17.9 Double Integrals ¢ 331 Area and Volume » 339 Double Integrals in Polar Coordinates ¢ 343 Surface Area © 348 ‘Triple Integrals # 350 Moments and Center of Mass « 356 Cylindrical Coordinates « 362 Spherical Coordinates © 366 Change of Variables and Jacobians « 370 17.10 Review Exercises ¢ 379 VECTOR. CALCULUS... 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS. 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 19.6 19.7 APPENDICES T Vector Fields « 389 Line Integrals # 394 Independence of Path # 399 Green’s Theorem « 402 Surface Integrals » 406 The Divergence Theorem e 411 Stokes’ Theorem © 415 Review Exercises ¢ 419 Separable Differential Equations « 425 First-Order Linear Differential Equations e 429 Second-Order Linear Differential Equations ¢ 433 Nonhomogeneous Linear Differential Equations ¢ 435 Vibrations ¢ 438 Series Solutions e 440 Review Exercises ¢ 445 Mathematical Induction e 451Chapter 9: Techniques of Integration Note: The symbol 4 indicates that integration by parts has taken place using substitution A. The substitutions for u, du, dv, and v are listed at the end of the problem. 14 -se* J de —re* — oF + C= (rt ler +0 A. usa dua dz, dus Fd, v= —reosr + sint+ C B 1&-se0sz— f—cossds = A. u= 5, du = dz, dv=sinzds, v= —cosz B 1A pret — pp sct de B 42 — a[faed = ff 8" de] = iPr — pee BOE CH du = 2eds, du = & da, v= Je" , du = dz, dv = e* do; y = 45° *(92:— 62+ 2) +0 —frcosde + Sf zcosdzds & —3:7cos4z + 3[4esinds + Afsinde dz] = —}?cos4z + Josinds + dycosdz + C A. w= 27, du = 2zdz, dv = sin rds, v= —Icos4z B. » du = de, dv ='cos4rdn,y = dein de B 1A Josinds— ffoindads = Jesinbs + Jcosbz + C A. w=, du = dz, dv = cosSrdz, v = fsindz feel? + ff ds = —be-7(22 + 1) HO 1a sect — [secrds = rsecs ~ln|secz + tanz|-+ C A. w= 5, du = dz, dv = seeztanzds, v'= secz I= —jrcot3e + §fcotdzdz = —42cot3z + dn|sin3z| + C A. w= 5, du = dr, dv = csc*Szdz, » = —leot3z @ 1A esinz—2fzsineds By Bxercise 2,1 = 2sinz + 2rcosz —Qsinz + C. A. w= 2’, du = 2zds, dv = coszdz, » = sinz Gor A-ae* 4 sfatertde S —28er* 4 [set + af ner? ea] safe ater $ 6f ze-* dr. By Exercise 1, 1 = —e7#(2° + 327 + 62 +6) + C. A. usa), du = 32" ds, du = dv = — Bo usa, du = Qed, dv = Fd v= I>2 EXERCISES 9.1 OO A stants — [25 ae = stant fin(s +P)+0 A. ws tans, du = 7 1_ dc, du = drv=2 : +e ee 1n4 fi-F+0 1 A. w= sins, du dz, dv = dev 2 Gay A 32°? ine — Bf ede = 32°? (Binz — 2) 4 C Aj w= Ing du=taz, dvs”? 1A $8 nz — Bf Pde = $e8(3ln2—1) +0 A. u=inz, du = Lede, dv = 2? dz, » = 32? gg 4 A. w= a, du = dy, dv = esc?zdz, v = —cotz [0a] 8 yo? tants — Yrfaes arts —a[(1- 7 ia )e= 4 tan“t2 — de + Stan + C ds, v= 32”? [S| —eeote + feotzds = —zcotz + In|sinz| + C Al u= tang, du = ine® dv = 2dz,v = jz? F sine + fe“ coszde ® —e* sing + [—e-* cons — fer* sinedz ] > a= — A. t= sinz, du = coszdz, du= sinz — ¢* cost => 1 = —de"*(sinz + cosz) + C © dy = —e* B. u =cosz, du = —sinrdz, dv Fdsu = — GBI A 4c conze + 2p e% sinzeds 2 $e costs + 3[$e™ sin 22 — 3/ &* cos2rds ] = §e°* conde + Je sin 2z — ff e* costads = WI = be costa + }e* sin2e => 1 = ye (Scos2z + 2sin 22) + C A. w= cos2s, du = —2sin2rdz, dv = e* da, y = 1e* B. 4 = sin2s, du = 2cos22 dz, du = e de, v = $e* (TO) Let y = cosz. Then dy = —sinzds. By Example 3,1 = —[Inydy = -ylInyt+ y+ C= x1—-Ing) + AL peth 4 fiertern Five} + ee] = Het —0) + (DOA -) =} -e78 v0.13 Ac w= 2), du = 2edz, de = ze?" dz, v= —2e-*? SIEXERCISES 9.1 3 (1 4 -cscscotz — fesez cot?zdz = —csez cotz — fesez(csc*z — 1) dz = —escz cota — fesc®ads + fesczdz = 2 = —cser cots + Inlesex — cot x] => l= —}esercotz + jIn|esex — cotz| + C A. u=cscz, du = —csczcotrdz, dv = cse"zdz, v= —cotz Balt A tanzsec®s — 3fscc*s tan?zdr = tanz sec¥s — 3] see®z(sec?z — 1) dz = tanzsec*z — 3fsecxdr + 3fsec®zdz. By Example 6, 4I = tanzsec*r + $tanz secs + $In|secx + tanz|. ‘Thus, I = }tanzsec’z + §(tanzsecz + In|secz + tanz|) + C. A. u=secSz, du = Seces tanzdz, dv = sec?zdz, v = tanz ft 1 1 a AL iF rip - af sl Fide = [2 fe +1), - [3 + 7], = (12, — 0) — 3212 — 1) = 4(2 — {2) w 0.20 Ac w= 2, du = 2edz, dv= —2 d= {P41 Te+i Balt & esinin — feosln ede 8 scinlnz — [Ecoslnz + foininads | => 21 = ssinlnz — zcosInz = I = jz(sinlnz — coslnz) + C A. w= sinlng, du = 281M2 de, dy = dz v= B. u=cosins, du = —98ln2 gp, dy = dz v= : =/2 - ae 4x cos2r)°7? + af cos2zde = [Jr cos2z]°/? + [sin 22]? = HF - 0) + 30-0) = § x 0.79 A. w=, du = dr, du = sin2rdz, » = —}eos2e BO}1-A Js tanSz— [}tanSzdz = Jr tandz + £in|cosSc| + C A. w=, du = dz, dv = sec? Sadz, v = }tande G1 & sye(ae + 3) — aha f(22 + 3)! de = ppg2(2z + 3) — seta (2z + 3)! + = goamn(2 + 3)'°°[2022 — (22 + 3)] + C= aphga(2z + 3)'°(2002 — 3) + 8 Al wan du = de, dy = (22 +3)" de, v= gha(2e + 3)! Br Aah Ss yrfi-Pe= Pf —ga-2)7 40 =-}1- Se 420-2] +0=-2f1- Fe +40 3 Aj w= 2°, du = 327 de, dy =EXERCISES 9.1 A* consis + $f et cosbede get" cosSz + $[fe% sin5z — $f e%* sinSrde] = —}e** coshz + Ae* sin5z — }8f e sinSzd: > MIS fet cose + set sinde = I = hel*(4sin5e — 5cos5s) + C A. w= ct*, du = 4c" de, dv = sinSzds, v = —}cosiz B. w= ef", du = 4e"* da, dv = cosSzds, » = }sindz (BOIS jo? in (2) — J zoin (2?) de = Je? sin(z”) + Jeos(z”) + © A. w= 2", du = 2edz, dv = 2 cos(2*) de, v = }sin(z”) 4 s(inz)? — 2fInzdz. By Example 3,1 = z(Inz)? — 2cIne + 22 + C. B A. w= (Ina)? du = URE de, dy = dap v= mr 8 B- Be= i ip om Ble) +0 A. u= 2, du= dz, dv= 27 dz,0= & (BB) A 2° cosh — 3f 22 cosh xde& # cosh — 3[#7 sinhz — 2[ 2 sinhedr] & 2 coshz — 32” sinh + 6(2 cosh — Josh zdz) = 2° cosh t — 31 sinh s + 62 cosht — 6sinhz + C A. w= 2°, du = 32"ds, dv = sinhzde, v = coshz B. u= 2", du = 22dz, dv = coshzdz, v = sinhz ©. w= a, du = de, dv = sinhzds, » = coshz (a1 4 (2 + 4)sinh dz — Jfeinh 4ede = H(z + 4)sinh4e — foosh4s + C A. u=r+4, du= dz, dv = cosh4zdz, v = Asinh4e t= | xe S99 ae A ove sine — [Fae = avg sine + Deon + 0 le] A es, du = gh de, do = OIE a, 0 = Pine GB A stants — | GD te = stan 32 — jln( +92) + 0 A. u=tan43z, du= pita eae Bat A scosts + Jae = res z- fi-F+0 A. uscos ts du = — dz, du = dzv=7 a— 2EXERCISES 9.1 5 GI Ade + Yee+ YY - Al (e+ Pde = At Met) -paet+ P+ abt +1)" [22@ 4 2) — (2+ 1) + C= A(z + IM GIe + 23) + 0 = 2+ 2, du= dr, dv = (z+ 1)'°dz, v= X(z+ 1)" mF — mf ae de A. u= 2", dus mo™lds, dv = Fd use TA ~2" cosz + mf 2" cos 2dz A. w= 2", du = mz" de, dv = sinzds, v= —cosz g & a(na)” — mf (nz)™" dz m(In 2)" A. w= (ng), du= Stadia (a1 A sec™*z tanz — (m — 2)f sec"? tan?s dz = seo™*z tan z — (m — 2)[ sec™?a(sec?s — 1) dz m2 = sec™"?z tan z — (m — 2)f'sec™ de + (mm — 2) fsec™ ?xdz > (m= 1)1 = sec™“*x tans + (m — 2)fsec™*rdr > 2h sec™-?xdz for m # 1. A. w=sec™*z, du = (m—2)sec™-?z tan dz, dv = sec?adz, v= tant Bi a8 sated =e — 5[zte — afer dz] = te" — Sate? + 20[z%e" — af ater dr] = te* — bate? + 20z%e* — 60[2%e* — 2] ze* dr] = de® — bate? + 20z%e* — 60z7e + 120[ze* — f e* dz] = e*(2° — 52 + 202° — 6027 + 1202 — 120) + C GI = x(inz)* — 4f (Ine) de = x(In2)* — 4[2(in2)* - 3f (In2)? de] = 2(Ins)* — 42(In)® + 12[z(In2)? — 2finzdz] = 2(Inz)* — 4z(In2)3.+ 125(Inz)? — 24(zInz — z) + C {by Example 3} = a[(in2)* — 4(In)? + 12(na)? — Ins 4 8] 4 re = [Psineds = [" 2 Bae A [oe ee] + [esas = [-2 cos + asin va |” = (2r +0) — (0-0) =2r lo Ac uaF, dus she ds, v= BE a, v= —2cos VE6 EXERCISES 9.1 [26] Using disks, V = 1°? (eleing)? as = fi" 2 sinzds ° ° I> . /2 x[-# cosz]? + aef zcosrde ° 7 1/2 2 x[-2 cosa + 2rsinz |? — arf sinzde ° = 1 [—2 cope + Dosing + 2ecee r= x(x — 2) = 3.59. A. w=2, du = 2rdz, dv = sinzdz, »v = —cosz B. w= dus ds, de = cosrds, » = sinz (ET) Using shells, V = axl ainsés & 2x[} Ins] - asl. beew on[}e? Ine — Je] = §[F@mne — yy] = He? +1) x 13.18. A. w=Inz, du =a, dy = eds, v= je w= fuoe= fl: FIP 4 1de A [3290 2], - af ee + 07a 3/2 & -A(P + yi = [H2 - 9+ 4] = ACB +) v0.2 =e +0) io’? — 4a? + A. wa, du = 32" de, dv = 2? fe + de, v = (9 + 1)? 7 Let f(s) (2) = 0, and p = 1 in (6.25). m= [re end ° Ins ‘Ins. if? ean _ "8 eg AT ee — eT? ana uw. =f" (ede = 2. ty = | ae'ds 8 [ser — e]* = 3in3 - 2. My m Sin$ = 2 1 0.65 andy = Me = 3 Al usa, du= dz, dv= eds uae of) = Juft)at = faePtae A het 4 bperttdt = be! eG, 30) =05 -24C=030= ee Substituting (v + C) for vin (9.1) yields Judy = u(v + C) — J(v+ C)de = wu + uC — Jvdu — Cu = wv — fvdu, which is (9.1). [52] Since f' is only positive or only negative, g = f+ exists on [a, 5]. Using Figure 52a and disks, V= = i “Cray ar A x [nap - arf" f(a) f"(2) de evitaeat = anf f(z) f'(2) de. (cont.) iz] fand s(t) = —}te“* — Je“? 4. 3. [eg]EXERCISES 9.2 z ad Using Figure 52b and shells, V = volume of cylinder + anf y[b - 49) dy = reX(b — 0) + 2x Joy] — anf" ra) ey Since y= f(2), (9) =F) = 5 and dy = f(2)ds. Thus, V= 70% — rela + wh? — bc? — arf! se) f(x) de = abd? — rac? — anf” sf(2)P(2) dz, A. u=[f(2)P, ait = 2f(2) f(a) dz, dv = dz, v= Figure 52a Figure 52b Bi fteait flaes met =1 4+ G53G4-G4=1 Note that indefinite integrals represent a class of functions which differ by a constant. (54) Suppose F is an antiderivative of the indefinite integral J vdu. By (9.1), ww — F represents an antiderivative of [udv. Thus, by the fundamental theorem of calculus, feta n= ef = f= [r= 5] =f oe O 1 = JC —sin*2)coszdr, u = sing, du = cosrds > I= f(l-*)desu-dic B I = J}(1 — cosdz) dz = fz — finds + C BW 1 = J}(1 — cos2z)(1 + cos2z) de = [3(1 — cos?2z) de = SLE = 8G + cos4z)] de = [(§ — Jeosdz) de = Je — doinde + 0 I= J(1 —sin?z)°cosrdy; u = sinz, du = coszdr => T= JQ —w)P du = fl 30? + 3u — du uw + Bw WTC B 1 = J (1 —cos*2) cos*s sins dm; u = cos r, —du = sinzde > I= -J(v — 04) du = J + pS 40 @ 1 = Jsin’2(1 — sin?2)coszdz; u = sinz, du = cossdz => T= fw - udu - fe 4c8 EXERCISES 9.2 I= |= pfas = BY (1 — Scos22 + 3cos?2z — cos® 22) de = AY [1 — 3cos22 + $(1 + cos4z) — (1 — sin? 22) cos2z | dr = Af § — 40022 + fcosd4z + sin? 2z cos2z) dz = f(z — 2sin2z + Zsindz + Ysin?22) + C Bi= (ez sps2e)? (Lt g0822) de = 21 (1 — cos2z — cos?2x + cos? 22) de = A [1 — cos2e — {1 + cosdz) + (1 — sin? 22) cos 22 | dx = 8G — jeos4e — sin? 2z cos 2z) de = A(}z — Jsin4z — }sin*2z) + C () 1= Stan°z(1 + tan?2)sec"zdz; u = tanz, du = sec*zdz => T= J+ 8)du= dete hc TO}I = f(1 + tan?2)?sec?adz; u = tans, du = sectzdz > Ts f(t w)?du= f(i+ 2u? + wt)du ut 3x? + b+ 0 TH) I = f(sec?z — 1)secz secz tanzdz; u = secz, du = secrtanzdz => T= J(ut — v7) du= § — tue +0 (sec?z — 1)? seca tan edz; u = secz, du = secz tanzdz => T= J(u? - 1)? da = f(xt — ae? + de = 2 puto UB} = Jtan*2(sec*s — 1) dz = f[tan*zsec*s — tan?x(sec*s — 1) dz = J (tan*z sec’z — tan*z sec? + sec?z — 1) dz = }tan’s — }tan®s + tans —2+C T4]1 = fcot*2(csc*s — 1) de = f[cot?s esc” — (cscs — 1) dz = —hoot8z + cota + z+ C [TB] I = f(sinz)'/7(1 — sin?z)cosz da; u = sinz, du = cossdr => Psf@? wa aR? — WW? 4 J(sinz)"'/"(1 — sin?z) cos 2 dz; x = sin, du = cos zdr = fo? fa oa? pF 4 TAI = f(tan?s + 2+ cot*s) de = {[(tan?z + 1) + (1 + cots) ]dz = J (sec?z + csc?z) dz = tanz —cotr+ C (TB)I = J (csc?z — 1)ese?zescz cot edz, u = cscz, —du = cscs cotzdr => T= -f(ut—o%)du =} ES 4c 1/4 5 r=] a- cos*z) sin z dz = [-e0s= + feos*2 |"/* = 0 Bor= ‘beta -tie= $tan (2) — A =$-180.27EXERCISES 9.2 9 Note. Exercises 21-24 use the trigonometric product-to-sum formulas. (BUI = 3] (cos22 — cos8z) dz = }(}sin2z — jsin8z) + C a/4 2 Byi= if" [cos62 + cos(—42)]dr = }[Jsin6e + Jeinds ['/* = — 7 B= if Tpinde + sin] de = i[-Aeoss2 — cons”? = if - (-9] = 8 Ba = }f[sin72 + sinz] dz = —1(}cos7z + cosz) + C o [25] 1 = fcot*z(1 + cot?2)cse?zdz; u = cotz, —du = csc7zdz => T= —J(ut + u°)du= -3u -3u7 + BB)1 = [1 + 2(c0s2)"/? + cosz |sinzds; u = cosz, —du = sinzds > T= JQ +2v/? 4 a)du = ue? WP (iu = 2 —sinz, —du = cosade 3 1 = —J4-du=-—mnu+ C,u>0 (2B]1 = f(sin?s — cos?2) dz = f —cos2zdz = —}sin2z + C (25) x= 14 tanz, du = sec*edz I= fx?du=-Lyc [30] 1 = ftan’zsecrds = [(sec?z — 1)?secr tanrdz; u = seca, du = secz tanzdz => T= J(w -1)?du = f(ut — 20? + Idu = du — 30 ++ =/2 /2 ] Using symmetry and disks, V = 4 “ x(cos?z)? dz = ar [Ba-+ cos 22) f dz = ° ° fe /2 1 + Qcos2r + 11 + cosdz) | dz = [324+ sin2r + Asindz |*/? = [7 [i + 2enete + 4 + cosds)]ae = x[Be 4 onde + doinde]f x2 SS 7.40. Is} a/4 /4 Using disks, ¥ = J x(tan?2)? dz = 7 “*tan?a(sec?s — 1) dz = ° 0 [Jtantz tans + 2]h/* = 7/4 7 tan?z sec?2 — (sec?z — 1) |dr = [5""Diantasects 0 a(E — 3) © 0.37. [33] Since u(t) = cos? xt > 0, the distance traveled in any 5-second interval is given by (2 +5) — (2) = [hu dt = [i costreat = [0 + cos2nt) di = [B+ dein ant |” = [Ye + 8) + dsin[2e(e + 5)] — [}e + Asin ra)] = $+ de[sin(QQa2+ 10) — sin(Qxz)] = §, since sin (2rz + 107) sin (22). (54) o(1) = sin?t cost => v(t) = fsin*t costdt = Jsin?t + C. (0) = 10 4 C= 10. st) = JGsin®t + 10) dt = $f (1 — cos%d)sin tat + J 10 dt = —Jeost + Jcos*t + 10t + D. s(0) =0 —-}+$+D=0> D=}.10 EXERCISES 9.2 [BB] Using the trigonometric product-to-sum formulas, we have the following: (a) I= fsin me sinnzds = 3f[[cos(m — n)z— cos(m + n)z]dz. sin(m — a)z_ sin(m+ nz) “Wm =n) ~ 2m+a) ia — cos2ms) dz = § — sin2me 4 ¢, sin mz cosnz dz = }{[sin(m + n)z + sin(m— 2)z] dz. cos(m + n)z _ cos(m — n)z +0 Tem # n, then , = —SOR Ee If m # 1, then I If m =n, then] = (>) If m =n, then], = ffsiname de = —c0s2mt + 6, Iz = Jcosmz cosnzdz = 3f[cos(m + n)z + cos(m — n)z]dz. lfm ¥ n, then Ip = wean mee a: 4G Ifm= ny then Ig =f (cosdme + 1) de= § + Snzme 4 @ in me sin ne de = [2 ~ sin 2me]" sinme sinned = [§ — sia2m2] (36) (2) Im =n, then I = [” tema my then = [SMe _ sel eT =0, since (m — n) and (m + n) are integers. (b) Using Exercise 35(b), we have the following: = I sin mz cos nz dr = [-so2me]" =0. 4m If m # n, then, = [-se@ tae ~ aa] Note: Since sin mz is odd and cos nz is even, we have an odd integrand on a symmetric interval. Hence, I = (ii) If m = ny, then I, = J coums cos neds = [§ + sina) i ‘m+ a)r | sin(m— 2] i Kms m then = [ Umea) * maa |, (Exercises 73] Note: In (9.4), the resulting expressions are acos 9, asec, and atanJ, respectively. 0. We use these results without mention. See Fis = = 2s = = 1 = OD See Figure 1. z = 2sin0, dz = 2cos 6 do => I J eaerpaeeay 20080 3 Jf cece ao = $inlesee — cot + C= jul2 =i |4 CcEXERCISES 9.3 ul Z\ d Figure 1 Figure 3 B] See Figure 1. 2 = 2sind, dz = 2co08d) > 1 = [2898 2coe0 ao _ feot2e ao = [tese?a - ya = -coto -9 += { = _ sn (g) +0 DB) See Figure 3, z= 3tané, dz = 3sec%9 40 > I = alten = Af esce a0 = Hinlesed — cota] + 0 = 1yee8 8_ alice (See Figure 3. 2 = 3tan6, dz = 3se070 do => 3sec7@ sap th __ +9 las mn = jf esce cot co = fece+o= 1, t8 46 Note: The trigonometric functions for @ in Exercises right triangle as in Figure 1 and Figure 3 above, and in Examples 1-4 in the text. GB] == Ssecd, de = SsecOtané dd => 5-22 can be determined using a i +¢ jy] cose do = sind + C= D2 : Jaceshane 8) as = Ssec8, de = 9 do +1 = [_Ssec tand = of 29 40 = GB) z= 5sec0, de = Ssec tnd J + 1 Jatga” = p| co gs] 3(1 + cos28) dd = 234(8 + }sin20) + C= gy + sind cosd) + C= 4]4c-q) [+ 1(E) + +HEF 8] 40 fu du = a+ 4du=}nut Gu>0 z= secd, dz = secOtand do => = [sec w=f =o =-—2 I [eBiane ao cotd csc6d9 = —escd + C = fe (10) 2x = Ssecd or r = §sec0, de = §sec@ tan ddd > IEXERCISES 9.3 z= 6tan9, dr = 6sec”6 dd => 2 [esta Halen 8d = qhy(6 + sinBcos8) + C {see Exercise 6} ah “O+ pig pia] c= al ‘G )+ zi] ° TZ) z = 4siné, de = 4c0s0 dé => 4cos6 “1 fectp ep = level [Asie = aba] 00 = al 0 + tain®0) sec?0 0 = Balto + fin? | C= ah os as lids Ios dz = sin“*(2) + ©, by in Note: In the first yet le ) printing, the radicand was 9 — 422, The answer is then }sin~'(s) + C. = 1 ‘aaa 3 le = [tga ter (2) + Gby (8.9)@). ()«=16- 2 -}du=rdr>I= lat dus Bre wa 2-9 $dusrdes asf? atc 3z = Ttané or z= Hand, de = Joecteds = 1 = [GERI EEA op TsecO 3 = Hf santa ao tand do = Etec 0 — 1)secO tand do 3 3] (92? + 49)°7? — fox? + 49 = H[jece — sc] + 0= gee wet Bla ce ig(92" + 49)°7? — fo? +4940 fsec?@ (18) 5z = 4tané or z = Stand, dr = 4sec76.d9 > I =| Tian dy(aseesy ” = jfeseode = dinlesce — cote + C= in| 1S 19] = +C 6 4 ~ S| Bsecé, dz = {8secé tan 6 dd => 1s lz ‘Bee a5” = hf osto eo = aja — sin?0) cos 0 40 eee an _@s C=" ,0 a 1, o/s pee = 3)? — (2? — 3) |+ ce Wi (sind — fein9@) + © 3 + 22%) [27 —3 3r radEXERCISES 9.3 20] 32 = sin# or z = 3sind, dr = 3cosd dd => 4 sin 8)°(3 cos 8) 1 2, 1 2 wad = BI (secs — 1) 40 = ea Bftan 69 Bftce ») 13 1 ~ Hltaaé -— 0) + C= z. V gin-t pe — gain “32 + C ofi—o2 7 “ ‘ js tate fase +8et4 ade $4 sini t hic = a): sind, fs = cos do > 1 = [Sind 8 os6 do = | (sind —5) d= et We ate ae [2] Using shells, vef Qne 2 = On [| pie sm Staal oe Tee dz = 5sec70.d0. z= 0,5 => 0 = _ ‘Thus, V = 2r isi 9) ag 7/4 x/4 = som tan7@ secé dé = sox , (sec?@ — secd) a9 {Example 6, §9.1} ° ° /4 = 50x[ (Geeea tan9 + }ln|secé + tand|) — In|sec @ + tan 6] Tt 7 25m seco tand — In|secé + tand| i = 260 [12 — n(A2 + 1)] & 41.85 Ay * Vere 1 Figure 23 Figure 24 Bals = {0sind = dz = {10 cosd do. z= 0, 1 = 9 = 0, sin" (7) {call this a} Thus, A = f Pde = i (£10 sin 6)°( {10 cos ) yy ofio — 2? {10 cos é = off" a ~ c05%6) sin dB = 104TD [—cos 6 + feos*o | ° lo allt: Ka (14 Dane = fy seme = fp 10 f0(—755 it a)= ® {0 — 21 ws 0.08. i4 EXERCISES 9.3 Bey — LF TG de> B= py) — FEB Ky =| 16 ae, 7 = dsec0, dz = deecO ton 9 d0 => — [(4tan9)(4sec0 tang _ f() = [Aes Diasec taney ag = 4) tanto a ss 4] (eto -1)a@= A(tand — 0) + O= ae = 16 — sect2] +6. F(4) = 0 + C= 0, and f(z) BaF = Fa YK py 5210) = [7 jl— 2 sin, de = cos d0 = f(2) = [2 rge® w = Jo — cos?6) sind dd = —0080 + fcos'@ + C= fi + 4-2)? + 10) =0 > -1+44C=05 C= Ths fs) =y=--F +--+ 4 = iF fs + 0-2) +2) 3b -@ + 90-2) w du = [ (asee9)(asec?8) 40 = 27) u = atand, du = asec?0 40 = f fa? + a? fsect9 dp = (clic tand + In|secé + tanél) + C {see Example 6, §9.1} = EE ps Wl ef ees Lelin| (rao + o|- ina] + G 2 =H e+ Sinfut [r+ a] + C, where C=C, — 3s? Ine [28] u = atan6, du = asec?6 do > Wea 1 asec”9 24 9 = Lin|eseé — coto| + C= iF eae =| tan y(asersy 8 =e Ses = —a eae tue t* — 4] 4 ¢= 4 —+ +C= Ter +u — Ql aa faa u Ptvital Gott te tay —in Wt —a letetal (29) u = asin 9, du = acos@ do = fu? 1a? — widu =f (asin 6)?(acos 8)(aeos 6) dd = a*Jsin?0 cost@ de = «(20 — A, sin 49) + C {see Exercise 3, §9.2} = _ — s(2sin 29 cos 20) ] + C= a*[}9 — A(2sind cosd)(1 — 2sin6)] + C = Fenty -s(8 \esee {= 1-2) +0 (cont.) ymEXERCISES 9.4 15 = tigi 7 (= 2) og = Gein ty — F(a) (Fe (e374) + = Goin ¥ + Fu? — oe) {ok@ w+ 0 = = 1 ss 2cos8 3 (BO) « = asing, du = acoso do => Is chs lmaitoan® = [atengaseco tan 6 d9 = (Bi) « = asecd, du = asec tang do => stan’ af tan?@ do = af (sec?# — 1) d0 = atand — af + C= Yu? — a? — asec ¥ 46 2 [BB] u = asec, du = asecd tan9 da =| phe = feces? tan ay = fu? — a atand a7} sec34 dd = }a?(sec9 tan? + In|secd + tand|) + ‘see Example 6, §9.1} = i +n + N+ qs gle 24 Finke + fe? — a] + 6, where C= 6, — fs? no Note: In this section, K denotes the constant of integration, Sr-12_A,_B SRSA = = @ G>p=2+ qv 5r-W=Air—4) + Bn r=0 >A andz=45 B= 2. Thus, t= [[3+224 dz = 3iniz| + 2ln|[z — 4) + K. z+ 34 ea ck B = ‘es B eae y reat eas et Ae +2) + 6). t=6>A=i5andr=-2> B= -4. ‘Thus, I = IL 5 37 — 1 fe wc Cc a Grier sess trht 2 saa 37 — 1s = A(z — 2)(z — 3) + Blz + 1)(2 — 3) + Ola + 1)(z— 2). -l>A=4,2=2> B=-5,andz=3 => C=1. Thus, = 4. t=f[r4 4x’ + 54z+ 134 _ B c a G-NEFNE FH zr-ltztstrea> 4c? + Sdz + 134 = A(r + 5)(2 + 3) + B(z —1)(2 +3) + Oz r=1> 192 = MAS A=8,2= 5 =} 36-128 > =i: y ea 3+ yy)ée = sins 6 — 4inle + 2) + + hg jas = ainle + uf — sinle — 21 + inte — 3) + x. 1(z + 5). B= -3,andz= —3 > 8 = -8C > 0 = -1. Thus, t= f[2y 4 555+ ealy]ee = om = 1)—Slafe + 5] — Inf +3) 4K16 EXERCISES 9.4 6r-ll__A_, _B_ 62-11 = Ale -1) + B 8 Sp ritg-y® (2-1) r=1=> B= —5. Equating x terms: 6 = A. ‘Thus, I = I By aaa] me ut =192? + 502 — 25 Cc = Se ys bt 8+ eet ee trea Ax(3z — 5) + B(3z— 5) + Or, z= 0 B=bandz=§> 52 — (3%) > C= 2. Equating 2? terms: -19= 34+ OC> A= 7. tus, t= [fat + 5 +92 lds = —Tinj2| — S + Finlsz — 5] + K. —8, z+16 _ r+l6 = A BO 2422-8 (2 Weta) 2-20 r+4 r4+16=A(z+4) + B2—2), z=2A=3and2e= 45 B= -2 dz = 3ln|z — 2| — 2in|z + 4| + K. ‘Thus, I = IG 3 3 liz +2 liz +2 sey W—b2-3 > Ge+ Des) writ liz+2=A(z—3)+ B@z+1). r=-}>A=landz=3> B=5. z+4 23> thus 1 = [[pby +S g]ee = pinlas + a1 + sinls — 31 + x. Se? — 102 — 8 _ 52” =4+-B,+ 6, Bae ees O28 too te 52? — 10r— 8 = A(z — 2)(z + 2) + Bo{z + 2) + Cx(z — 2). 03 AH=2,2=2>5 B=-ladr=-250=4 Thus, t= [2 + gatg + hy] ée = time - tale — 21 + aime +2] + 42 — 52-15 _ 4? — 52-15 _4 —C. 1) at —b2 Me Bee) 2 tz—-s tarsi As? — 52 — 15 = A(z — 5)(z + 1) + Bo(z + 1) + Ca(z— 58). r=054A=3,2=5—5 B=2adr=-150=-1. thus t= [2 + 225 + Sec = sats + 2infs — 5] — Ins + 1] + K. 22? — 252 ~ 33 A B C Ty] 22 = 252 — 33 = we weno rotates 22? — 252 — 33 = A(r+ 1)(z — 5) + Bz —5) + (2 +1)?. z= -1 B=landz=5 => —108 = 3605 C= -3. Equating 2” terms: 2= A+ C= A= 5. Thus, t= |[5 +1, \[5 + ae 5 i= Sik + - hy - sine 5) +XEXERCISES 9.4 ld oz? — 12244 _ 227 1254+4_ A,B c = =€+4H+ => 2 — 427 7(z—4) aT? 22? — 122 +4 = Ar(z — 4) + Be — 4) + Co. = 05 B= —) and r=4>-12= 16C> C= -3 Pauing # tame dz = Uinini +4 - finiz- 4 + X. eo tw. t= [P+ oh = xt +1725 + 32? — 874+ 3_ A nr Co ad 92‘ + 172° + 32? — 82 +3 = AP (x + 3) + Ba*(z + 3) + Colt + 3) + Dat 3) + Ext. 2=053=3D> D=landr=-35 324 = 818 > B= 4, By equating coefficients of like powers we have: 24:9 = A+ E> A=5; P17 =3A4+ Ba B=%223=38B+030=-2 Thuy t= [$+ 3+ Sh+ k+ tyler sinisi~ 3 + Sy - ss + sinle + 3+ Baia Dg P. +34 et athe 5s) +9024+43_ A B c ae? Etat Gay ta 52? 4802 +43 = Ae +3)? + Be +3)+ 0 r= -3 CH= Equating 2” terms: 5 = A, and z terms: 30 = 6A + B=> B= ts t= [by + opp] H Sine + 31+ tpt K [15] Since the degree of the numerator is greater than or equal to the degree of the denominator, we must first use long division to change the form of the integrand. a + 62? + 32+ 16 _ =14 2 set 16, 6s? — 2 +16 Bo+C _, ede ede" oz + 4) +4 62? — 24 16 = A(z? +4) + (Bet O)z r=0 +16 = 4A AR 4: Equating z terms: —1 = ©, and 2? terms:6 = A+ B=> B= 2. Tat = ffi +4 + Bed e= 2+ dni) + In(z? + 4) — tan*(Z) + x. =44 2a? + 7 =5z— 18 , —5z ~ 18 setts 54 =te=18 Writ? + Fees Cea Sst Ep? —5z— 18 = A(z +3) +B. r= —3 + —3 = B. Equating = terms: thst [2+ 8+ hs Gap ln tn sak tt ety tx A18 EXERCISES 9.4 (Since 2° + 52* + 42 + 20 = F(z 4 5) + A(e + 5) = (@* + 4)(2 + 5), we have 527 + e417 _ Act B > oP+lr+17 = @eoery faa TES es (Az+ B(z+5)+ 2 4+4). c= 53 87 = BCS CH=3. Equating 2 terms: 5 = A + C => A =2, and rterms:11 = B+5A> B= = [feta y Lan? hus, t= {[2F $14 sje +o+} tan1(g) + Binie + 5] 4K. ig) 42° — 32° + 62-97 _ 448+ + GHP oe a2 + 62-21 = r(x +9) sey Papaya e r=0>-27=98 > B= -3. Equating coefficients we have: z*: -3 = B+ D> D=0; r6=9AS AHF 24=A403 CH= mat fs o+3rd¢1 =4z+B, Ge+d, erae +1) P44 Pel 2+ 3241 = (Ar+ B)(2? + 1) + (Cr+ Diz? +4). Equating coefficients {2° is used for constants} we have: P:0=A+Cande3=A44C05 C=1andA=-1; 2 1= B+ Dand2:1= B44) + D=O0and B= 1. Thus, i= |[H+ zigj®= —hin(? +4) + fan *(Z) + fin(o? +1) 4K Ou = 2 41, 2du=4ede 1 = 2a du = he K. 2 + 107 =4j+2 4 G+D 5 Fai (+1) Jes grit to fini 9+ K. fo 22° + 10; 22 list te +1) + Cz+ (B+ D). Equating coefficients we have: = 3B 2:0=B+D>D=0;210=A+C>C=8 tow t= [[2G + grlap]ea ne +) state Ayo? +42+1_Ar+B, Cr+D , Bet PF — @ eye Fs ary (as ot 4 22? + dot 1 = (Ar + B)(2* + 1)? + (Cr+ D(x? + 1) + (Ex + F). y 2:0 = 24+ 6 C=0;2% 2528B+D>D=0n4= A+ E> FH 40:1 => B+ D+F >F amt = [fats + a wiplesers- ip 2. Thus, = f (24 t)de + 2fapatee= == \ 2, (22) Equating coefficients we have: 2°: 0 = 4; ertl4% z eh + ct nl? — 2] 4 K = Je? 4 2 4 Qnje| + Qnle— 14KEXERCISES 9.4 19 e427 43 _ +Sf th SP 49 =e 08 Paes 42 $+72 +2 > be 49 = Ale OMe +2) + Bde +) 4 Ge —2). & =054 2=2527 = 8B > B=4, andr = —-2 > 27 = 80> C= ¥ 2 7 tie, t= [[ 2-44 + Bee 42 — Uniz| + Ylnle — 2+ Finle + 2+ K 3 3 +1_2_ == + 812" +1, aa* ot + 927 = e+or =i+8i2+1_A,B, Cr+D Bera 2 tat ayo 7 29 + 812? +1 = Aa’ +9) + B(x? + 9) + (Cx + D)z*. Equating coefficients we have: 2°: 1 = 98 > B=}; r0=94>A=0;7281= 8+ D> D= 338; Bnet A+C= C= -1. Thus [[?—-9+ + StF a= 42° — 92 — gh — fin(a? + 9) + PPtan* (2/3) + K m= Pa _ 82° + 162, @+4s 2 +82 +16 +82" + 16 82° + 162 _ “pte 4 rtd (age aa (4a? 82° + 162 =(Az + B)(x’ + 4) + (Cr+ D). Equating coefficients we have: eee ee ae C= -16;2°:0= 48+ D> D=0. tas t = ffs — 385 +; itp len -me +o-ghye +4 rar rae met ie hg 22° — 52? + 462 + 98 = A(z + 4)(z — 3)? + B(x — 3)? + Os + 4)%(z— 3) + D(z + 4). r= -4 > -294 = 49B > B= Gand t= 3 > 245 = 49D + D=5. Equating 2° terms: 2 = A + G, and 2” terms: 98 = 364 + 9B — 48C + 16D > 12 = 364A — 48C > 6 = 3A — AC. Solving yields A) = 2 ard C= 0. Thus, yee = (fz. =6 5 - 6.5 t= fpda+ eit eter tt pigt &