‫ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ‬

‫‪ ، 1400‬دوره ‪14‬‬ ‫اﺧﻼق و ﺗﺎرﯾ ﺦ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‬

‫‪Abstract ref‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﺩﺑﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻧﻘﺪي ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪي »ﺑﯿﻬﻮدﮔﯽ در ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ و ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ؛ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪاي ﻣﺮوريﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد اﺧﻼﻗﯽ«‬

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‫*‪۷، ۸‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺩﮐﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،۱،۲،۳‬ﻣﺠﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﻤﺮﻭﺯﻱ‪ ،۴،۵‬ﻧﺠﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،۲،۶‬ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺁﺳﻤﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫‪ .1‬ﮔﺮوه داروﺳﺎزي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮑﺪهي داروﺳﺎزي‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺷﯿﺮاز‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬اﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ داﻧﺶ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ و ﺳﻨﺘﯽ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ ،‬اﯾﺮان‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﯽ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ ،‬اﯾﺮان‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﮔﺮوه ﻃﺐ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮑﺪهي ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ ،‬اﯾﺮان‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﯽ و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ ،‬اﯾﺮان‪.‬‬
‫‪ .6‬ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪي ﺑﺎﻟﯿﻨﯽ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮑﺪهي ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ ،‬اﯾﺮان‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬ﮔﺮوه اﺧﻼق ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ و ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮑﺪهي ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ .‬اﯾﺮان‪.‬‬
‫‪ .8‬ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻦ رﺷﺘﻪاي ﻣﻌﺎرف اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و ﻋﻠﻮم ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ .‬اﯾﺮان‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻳـﻢ ﻣﻘﺎﻟــﻪﻱ »ﺑﻴﻬــﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃــﺐ ﻣﮑﻤــﻞ ﻭ ﺟــﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ؛ ﻣﻘﺎﻟــﻪﺍﻱ‬
‫* ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪهي ﻃﺮف ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺒﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻱﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻳﮑﺮﺩ ﺍﺧﻼﻗﻲ« ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻱ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻩ ﻣﺠﻠــﻪ ﺍﺧــﻼﻕ ﻭ ﺗــﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫اﻣﯿﺪ آﺳﻤﺎﻧﯽ‬

‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﻱ ﻧﻘﺎﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﮐﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫آدرس‪ :‬ﺷﯿﺮاز‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻮار زﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﯿﺪان اﻣﺎم ﺣﺴﯿﻦ )ع(‪،‬‬
‫داﻧﺸﮑﺪهي ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮوه اﺧﻼق ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ و‬
‫ﺷﮑﻠﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻱ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺑــﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪي ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉِ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣــﻪ ﺑــﻪﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘــﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺪ ﭘﺴﺘﯽ‪7134853185 :‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪07132348980 :‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﮑﺘﻪﻱ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫‪Email: asemanio@sums.ac.ir‬‬
‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳــﺪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴــﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺘــﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺻــﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﮑﺮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﻱ ﺁﻥﻫــﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ‪1400/03/26 :‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺿﻊﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺑﻲﻃﺮﻓﺎﻧﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧــﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣــﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش‪1400/05/23 :‬‬
‫ﺍﺩﺭﺍﮎ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﻣﺴــﺄﻟﻪ ﻣــﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤــﺚ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨـﻲ ﻃــﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر‪1400/08/05 :‬‬
‫ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻋﺒــﺎﺭﺍﺗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨــﺪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪﻧﺸــﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺟــﺎﺩﻭﻳﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﺍﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮﺍﺧﻼﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻳﺐ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﻱﺟﺎﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻲﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻳﺪِ ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊﺑﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻳﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻟــﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻲﻃﺮﻓﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴــﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺘــﺮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺎﺳﴼ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ )ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ( ﻭ‬
‫ﻧﻪ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﮐﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺭﺍء ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩﻱ ﻣﺪّﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻞ ﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ!‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺩﮐﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﻱ »ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ«‬
‫ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻖ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻧﮓ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ )‪(۲۰۲۰‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺐ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ )‪(۱‬؛ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻃﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ‬
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‫ﺑﺮ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻗﻀﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﻱ ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﺪﻱ ﻓﺮﺍﮔﻴﺮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ )‪(۲‬؛ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻃﺐ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪﻱ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺯﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻃﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﻧﺸﻮﻧﺪ )‪.(۳‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺭﺍﮐﻲ ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻮﻝﮔﺮﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺖﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻄﺌﻪﻱ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ؛ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﺸﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺪﻋﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﺳﴼ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪﺷﺪﻩﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻱ‬
‫ﭼﺎﭖ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺸﻢﻓﺮﻭﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﻬﺖﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﺨﻄﺌﻪﻱ ﻃﺐ‬
‫ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﮐﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪﺭﻭﺯ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﮐﻤﮏﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﻳﮑﺮﺩ ﺳﻮﺩﮔﺮﺍﻳﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪﻧﺸﺪﻩ! ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺫﮐﺮ‬
‫‪Website: http://ijme.tums.ac.ir‬‬
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‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻊﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﮐﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ‬
‫ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻻﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﮑﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺩﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺽﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﻤﺎﺍﻳﻨﮑﻪ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﻣﮑﺎﺗﺐ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺫﮐﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻓﻲ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮﺍﺛﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﴼ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﮑﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻠﻲﺭﻏﻢ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﻱ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺩﮔﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻱ ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ! ﻟﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﺮﻱ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ! ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ؛ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻀﺮﻳﺪ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻲ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪﻱ ﻧﺤﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺩﻩﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻳﮏ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪﻱ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭼﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺭﻭﺣﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻟﺤﺎﻅ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻲﮐﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮐﻢﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺟﻬﺖﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺫﻫﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻟﻤﺲ ﻭ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﮎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﮏ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﮎ ﻭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻊﮔﺮﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲﺭﻏﻢ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻱ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‬
 ‫‪45‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،١٤٠٠‬ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ‪١٤‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ )‪.(۶‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﺧﻼﻗﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻤﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺎﺕ‬
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‫ﺁﻥ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻲﺭﻏﻢ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪﻱ ﺑﺤﺚ )ﻧﮏ‪ :‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪﻱ ‪ ۳۸‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻑ ﺁﺧﺮ( ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ! ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺷﮑﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﮐﻮﺷﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬
‫ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺳﺆﺍﻻﺗﻲ ﭼﻮﻥ‪» :‬ﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺧﻼﻗﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻱ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﺧﻼﻗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ؟« ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺑﮑﺸﻨﺪ )ﻧﮏ‪ :‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪﻱ ‪ ،۳۹‬ﺳﻄﺮ ‪ .(۲‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺳﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﻱ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﮑﻴﮏ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﺷﮑﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﻭﺵﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪﻱ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻳﺺ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻘﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ؛‬
‫ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻣﮑﺮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﮑﻮﻡﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮐﻠﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻞﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺿﺪ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ )ﺍﻳﻤﻦﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺰﻡﮔﺮﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺐ ﻭ‪ ،(...‬ﺳﻌﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺨﻄﺌﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﺗﻼﺵ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺎﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﻒ‬
‫ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﻮﻛﺴﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺁﺗﺮﻭﭘﻴﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺁﺭﺗﻤﻴﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﻓﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﻻﻧﺘﺎﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﭙﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﮐﻮﺭﺍﺭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﭘﻮﺗﮑﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﮔﻠﻴﺴﺮﻳﺰﻳﻦ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪١‬ﺗﺎ‪ .(٤‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻭﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺐ ﻋﺎﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺐ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﭘﻲ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺮﻩﻱ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻝﺷﺪﻩﻱ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ )‪۷‬ﻭ‪ (۸‬ﮐﻪ ﺭﺩﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻱ ﮐﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ »ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺩﮔﻲ« ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻃﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪Website: http://ijme.tums.ac.ir‬‬
‫ﻣﻲﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲﺭﻏﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﻃﺐ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﻩﻣﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻭ ﮐﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻲﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ »‪ ...‬ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺩﮔﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺧﻼﻗﴼ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺍﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ«؛ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻤﻲﺭﺳﺪ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﮐﺮﺩ! ﺿﻤﻦ ﺁﻧﮑﻪ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪﺷﺪﻩﻱ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﮑﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﻥﻧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻳﮑﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺰء ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻫﴼ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﮔﺎﻫﴼ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺁﺳﻴﺐﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻛﺒﺪﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺐ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻳﻀﴼ‬
‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺧﻮﺩﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬
‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺿﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﻥﺑﺎﺭﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻃﺐ‬
‫ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﻋﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺯﻳﻨﮓ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻏﻔﻠﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺐﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺳﻨﺘﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﴼ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﺖﺑﺨﺸﻲ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ )‪۴‬ﻭ‪(۵‬؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻼﻥﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
 ‫ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺭﺩﮐﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻧﻘﺪﻱ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﻱ »ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ«‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻳﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺖ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫‪Downloaded from ijme.tums.ac.ir at 11:28 IRST on Friday October 29th 2021‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ )‪ .(۱۱‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻃﺐﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻳﺎ ﻃﺐ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﮐﻠﻲ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﻘﺪ ﮐﺮﺩ؛ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺶﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﺎﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺿﻌﻒﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﻱ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩﻱ ﻃﺐ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻭ ﺗﺄﻣﻞﺑﺮﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻲ‬
‫ﭼﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﭘﺪﺭﺳﺎﻻﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺳﻮﺩﺭﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺩﮔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺍﺷﮑﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ )‪۱۱‬ﻭ‪.(۱۲‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺄﮐﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺭﻭﻳﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻳﮑﺮﺩﻱ ﺳﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﻳﮑﺮﺩﻱ ﺗﻌﺼﺐﮔﺮﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺐ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻱ‬
‫ﺩﺷﻤﻨﻲ ﻧﺎﺁﮔﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﻴﺖ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻧﮑﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻲﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪Website: http://ijme.tums.ac.ir‬‬
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‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ‪ ۴۱‬ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵﻫﺎﻳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ‪ ۳۶‬ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﻃﺐ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﻀﻮ ﮐﺎﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ؛ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ‪ ۲۰۱۸‬ﺩﺭ ‪ ۴۵‬ﮐﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻴﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻓﺰﺍﻳﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪.(۹‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﻠﺚ ﺳﻪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﮑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺄﻣﻞﺑﺮﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻭ ﺗﮑﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﻓﻼﺳﻔﻪﻱ‬
‫ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻗﻀﺎﻭﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﺩﺍﻳﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﮏ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻳﮑﺮﺩ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦﺑﺎﺭ ﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﻃﺐ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲ« ﻣﻄﺮﺡ‬
‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﺎ ﮐﺮﺩ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺮﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺎﺯﺩﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﻱ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺑﻦﺳﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻱﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺎﺣﺐﻧﻈﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻱ ﻫﻔﺖﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻱ ﻋﻄﻔﻲ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻣﻲﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ )‪.(۱۰‬‬
 47 ١٤ ‫ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬،١٤٠٠ ‫ ﺳﺎﻝ‬،‫ﺍﺧﻼﻕ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬
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