Naca Research Memorandum: National Advisory Committee For Aeronautics

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RIvI L51G31
NACA
RESEARCH MEMORANDUM
SYSTEMATIC TWO-DIMENSIONAL CASCADE TESTS OF
NACA 65-SERIES COMPRESSOR
BLADES AT LOW SPEEDS
By L. Joseph Herrig, James C. Emery,

and John R. Erwin
Langley Aeronautical Laboratory

Langley Field, Va.
ENGINEERING DEPT. LIBRARY
AIRCRAFT
SSFtCAT0N CHANGED DALLAS, TEXAS
j*F;R*
AUTHORII(
------------------ 17
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NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

FOR AERONAUTICS
WASHINGTON
September 14, 1951
NACA RN L51G31
NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE OR AERONAUTICS
RESEARCH MEMORANDUM
SYSTEMATIC TWO-DIMENSIONAL CASCADE TESTS OF
NACA 65-SERIES COMPRESSOR
BLADES AT LOW SPEEDS
By L. Joseph Herrig, James C. Emery,

and John R. Erwin
SUMMARY
The performance of NACA 65-series. compressor blade sections in

cascade has been investigated systematically in a low-speed cascade
tunnel. Porous test-section side walls and, for high-pressure-rise
conditions, porous flexible end walls were employed to establish condi-
tions closely simulating two-dimensional flow. Blade sections of
cambers from of 0 to C1 of 2.7 were tested over the usable
C1
angle-of-attack range for various combinations of inlet angle
of 30°, 14.5°, .600, and 70°, and solidity a of 0. 5 0 , 0. 75, 1.00, 1.25,
and 1.50. Design points were chosen on the basis of optimum high-speed
operation. A sufficient number of combinations were tested to permit
interpolation and extrapolation of the data to all conditions within
the usual range of application.
The results of this investigation indicate a continuous variation

of blade-section performance as the major cascade parameters, blade
camber, inlet angle and solidity were varied over the test range.
Summary curves of the results have been prepared to enable compressor
designers to select the proper blade camber and angle of attack when
the compressor velocity diagram and desired solidity have been
determined.
At a few test conditions, an upper limit to the camber that could

perform satisfactorily was found. -These results provide information as
to the maximum value of the loading parameter, expressed as the product
of solidity and section lift coefficient based on the vector mean
velocity, that can be used effectively in compressor design. Analysis
of the trends indicated that the common practice of employing a constant
maximum value of the loading parameter for all inlet angles and solidi-
ties fails to define the observed performance of the compressor blades
studied in this investigation.
2 NACA RM L51G31
An index that the positive and negative limits of useful angle-of-

attack range occurred when the section drag coefficient reached twice
the minimum value was used to estimate the operating range of the com-
pressor blade sections studied. A broad operating range for these sec-
tions was observed, except for conditions of highest pressure rise
across the cascade corresponding to high cambers at high inlet angles.
These conditions are not typical of usual design practice and no dif-
ficulty should ordinarily be encountered in employing these blade sec-
tions. In general, the observed performance of NACA 6 5-series compres-
sor blades in cascade is considered to be very satisfactory.
INTRODUCTION
The design of an axial-flow compressor of high performance

involves three-dimensional high-speed flow of compressible viscous
gases through successive rows of closely spaced blades.. No adequate
theoretical solution for this comlete problem has yet appeaied nor
considering the complexity of the problem does it seem likely that com-
plete relationships will be established for some time. Various aspects
of the problem have been treated theoretically, and the results of
those studies are quite useful in design calculations. All such studies,
however, have been based on idealized flow, neglecting effects of one
or more such physical realities as compressibility, finite blade
spacing, and viscosity. Consideration of viscosity effects has been
particularly difficult. It appears, therefore, that in spite of
advanães in theoretical methods, theory must be supplemented by experi-
mental data for some time to come.
Some of the information required can be obtained only by experi-

ment in single-stage-and multistage compressors. Much of the inforina-
tion, however, can be obtained more easily by isolating the effects of
each parameter for detailed measurement. The effects of inlet angle,
blade shape, angle of attack and solidity on the turning angle and drag
produced can be studied by tests of compressor blades in two-dimensional
cascade tunnels. Cascade tests can provide many basic data concerning
the performance of compressors under widely varying conditions of opera-
tion with relative ease, rapidity, and low cost. A number of successful
high-speed axial-flow compressors have been designed using low-speed
cascade data directly. A more refined procedure, however, would use
cascade data, not as the final answer, but as a broad base from which
to work out the three-dimensional relations. -
A large number of two-dimensional cascade tests have been run in

this and other countries during the last 15 years. It is believed that,
although the cascade configurations were geometrically two-dimensional,
in no case except that of the porous-wall cascade of reference 1 was the
0
NACA RN L51G31 _9_ 3
flow two-dimensional. This situation is ordinarily accepted on the

grounds that the flow in the compressor is also subject to three-
dimensional end effects. That similar end conditions would exist in
stationary cascades and rotating blade rows seems unlikely. As discussed
in reference 1, there is evidence, however; that the flow through
typical axial compressor blades is more nearly like that in aerodynami-
cally two-dimensional cascades than like that in cascades which are
only geometrically two-dimensional. Excellent correlation between
porous-wall cascade and rotor blade pressure-distribution and turning-
angle values is shown for the design conditions of the compressor
investigation reported in reference 2. The proper basic approach to -
the compressor design problem, therefore, would seem to be to-separate
the two-dimensional effects from the three-dimensional. This should
also did in the evaluation of the separate effects of tip clearance and
secondary flow in axial compressors. Figure-15 of reference 3, as well
asunpublished data, indicates that design-angle data measured at low
speeds are applicable at speeds up to critical. Therefore, a systematic
series of low-speed cascade tests of the NACA 65-series compressor
blade sections were made using the porous-wall technique to insure two-
dimensionality of the flow. Test results and preliminary analysis are
presented In this paper. -
/
SYMBOLS
a mean-line loading designation
b blade height or span, feet
c blade chord, feet
Ca section drag coefficient
CF resultant-force coefficient
Cj section lift coefficient
C 1 camber, expressed as design lift coefficient of isolated

airfoil
CN section normal-force coefficient
CNM section normal-force coefficient obtained by calculation of

momentum and pressure changes across blade row
CNp section normal-force coefficient obtained by integration of

blade-surface pressure distribution
NACA RN L51G31
C w wake momentum difference coefficient
F' force on blades, pounds
FM force on blades due to momentum change through blade row,

pounds
F force on blades due to pressure change through blade row,

pounds
Fw force on blades due to momentum difference in wake, pounds
g tangential spacing between blades, feet
P total pressure, pounds per square foot
p static pressure, pounds per square foot
q dynamic pressure, pounds per square foot
nondimensional static-pressure-rise' parameter
R Reynolds number based on blade chord
fP - p
S pressure coefficient
-
U rotor blade rotational speed, feet per second
V flow velocity, feet per second
W flow velocity relative to blades, feet per second
x chordwise distance from blade leading edge, feet
y perpendicular distance from blade chord line, feet
angle between flow direction and blade chord, degrees
p3 angle between flow direction and axis, degrees

-.e - flow turning angle, degrees
Y angle between resultant-force direction and tangential

direction, degrees
NCA RM L51G31 5
P mass density of flow, slugs per cubic foot
a solidity, chord of blades divided by tangential spacing
Subscripts:
a component in axial direction
d design, when used with angles
1 local
m referred to vector-mean velocity, Wm
u component in tangential , direction
s flow outside wake
1 upstream of blade row
2 downstream of blade row
APPARATUS, TEST PROGRAM, AND PROCEDURE
Description of Test Equipment
The test facility used in this investigation was the Langley 5-inch
low-speed, porous-wall cascade tunnel described in reference 1 and
shown in figures 1 and 2. During the course of this program some fur-
ther Improvements were required to establish proper, testing conditions
at higher pressure rise conditions. In particular, there was sufficient
boundary-layer buildup behind the slot on the convex flexible end wall
with high pressure rise cascades to cause separation and destroy simu-
lation of the infinite cascade even though the blade flow was not
separated. This was corrected by replacing the end wall with a porous
flexible wall and suction chamber. In addition the large difference in
flow length from the entrance cone to the side-wall slots between the
tunnel ends at the higher inlet.alr angles gave quite different
boundary-layer thickness along the length of the side-wall slots and
made uniform flow entering the test section difficult to obtain. This
condition was Improved by making the changeable side plates porous and
drawing a small amount of air through them. The concave flexible end
wall was made porous to provide a further control of flow conditions
through the test section.
6 NACA RN L51G31
The porous material found to be most satisfactoiy is commercial

woven monel filter cloth. This is available in various meshes in
widths up to 36 inches and can be calendered at the factory to reduce
porosity and improve surface smoothness. The combination found most
suitable for the present work was .a twill Dutch double weave of 30 by
250 mesh with warp wire-diameter of 0.010 inch and fill wire diameter
of 0.008 inch. The original thickness of about 0.026 inch was reduced
to 0.018 inch by calendering. The resulting material has the porosity
characteristics shown in figure 3. The primary advantages of this
material over others tried previously are its uniformity, flexibility,
strength, 'surface smoothness, and relatively low cost.
Description of Airfoils
The blade family used in this investigation is formed by combining

a basic thickness form with cambered mean lines. The basic thiOknesg
form used is the NACA 6 5(216) -010 thickness form . with the ordinates
increased by 0.0015 times the chordwise stations to provide slightly
increased thickness toward the trailing edge. This thickness form has
been designated the 65-010 blower blade section in references 4and 5.
It was not derived for 10-percent thickness but was scaled down from
the NACA 6 5,2-016 airfoil given on page 80 of reference 6. As discussed
in reference 6, the scaling procedure gives the best results when it is
restricted to maximum thickness changes of a few percent. Since the
start of the program the NACA 65-010 basic thickness has been derived
and is given on page 82 of reference 6. These basic thickness forms
differ slightly but are considered to be interchangeable within the
accuracy of the results reported herein. Ordinates for both the scaled
and derived thickness forms are given in table I.
The basic mean line used is the a =.l.0 mean line given on
page 97 of reference 6. The amount of camber is expressed in refer-
ence 6 as design lift coefficient C2 0 for the isolated airfoil, and
that system has been retained. Ordinates and slopes for the a = l;o
mean line are given in table II for C2 0 = 1.0. Both ordinates and
slopes are scaled directly to obtain other cambers.- Cambered blade
sections are obtained by applying the thickness perpendicular to the
mean line at stations laid out along the chord line. The blade sec-
tions tested are shown in figure 4. In the designation the camber is
given by the first number after the dash in tenths of C i 0 . For
example, the NACA 65-810 and NACA 6 5-(l2)lo blade sections are
cambered for CI O = 0.8 and CI = 1.2, respectively.
NACA RM L 51G3 1 7
Test Program and Procedure
Test program. - The test program was planned to provide sufficient

information to satisfy any conventional vector diagram of the type
shown in figure 5. Tests of 7-blade cascades were run with various
700, solid-
combinations of inlet air angle 0 1 of 300 , 14 5°, 60° and
ity a of 0.5, 0. 75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5, and cambers from C10
of 0 to 2.7 over the useful angle-of-attack : range. The most complete
test series were run at solidities of 1.0 and 1.5; sufficient tests
were made at the other solidities to guide interpolation and extrapola-
tion. The combinations of 3, a, and blade section which were tested
are tabulated in table III. The camber range covered at solidities
of 1.0. and 1.5 was determined by one of two limitations. At the 11ghr
inlet angles progressively higher camber8 xer.e use_un.ti1_the_1ijt
loä ng ha been reached, that is, imtil the design condition coincided
wffat lower inlet angles, however, desi n turni angle exceeded
Inlet angle before. the limit loading had been reached and the tes s were
terminated there. Limit conditions were attained at 1 3 = 70 0 , a = 1.0,
1. 2 5, and 1.5, and , = 600 , a =1.0 and 1.5.
Test procedure.- It was shown in reference 1 that two-dimensional'

flow can be achieved by controlling the removal of boundary-layer air
through porous test section side walls so that the downstream static
pressure equals the. ideal valie, corresponding-to the turning angle,
corrected for the blocking effect of the wake. This criterion was
accordingly used in these tests. In addition, the flexible end wall
shapes and suction flow quantities were adjusted to obtain uniform
upstream flow direction and-wall static presures, criteria of two-
dimensional flow simulating an infinite cascade. This procedure neces-
sitated an approximate measurement of turning angle and wake size and
an estimate of the correct pressure rise before the final settings
could be made. Initially this required some cut-and-try procedure but
after the initial tests at each 13 - a combination a chart similar to.
figure 5 of reference 1 could be drawn to assist in estimating the
pressure rise. An experienced operator could make the required esti-
mates and settings very quickly using this procedure. Spot calcula-
tions of the correct pressure rises were made after completion of tests
to check the accuracy Of the values used.
Tests were made . at each cascade combination shown in table III

over a range of angles of attack at intervals of 20 to 30• In general
the tests covered the interval from negative to positive stall, where
stall was determined by a large increase in wakesize. The prinQipal
exceptions occurred for low cambered blades where negative stall would
have occurred at negative turning. Itwas found that the small wall
boundary-layer buildup for negative turnings and hence negative pressure
rises would have required a less porous material than that norm all
used, to avoid excess air removal while maintaining sufficient suction
1
8 NACA RM L51G31
pressure differential to avoid local reverse flow through the porous

material. It was not deemed worthwhile to change the porous material
to obtain data in this relatively uninteresting range. For the NACA
65-010 section at 13 = 30 0 , however, the difficulty persisted well
above 0 0 turning, and this combination was tested with both porous and
solid walls.
The tests were entirely within a speed 'range considered incompres-

sible. The bulk of the tests at solidities of 1.0 and 1.5 were run at
an entering velocity ojeet per second. For the usual 5-inch blade
chord, the Reynolds number was 214.5,000. Some information near the
design point was obtained at higher effective Reynolds number for most
cascade combinations by addingroughness to the blade leading edges in
the form of 1 -inch-wide strips of masking tape draped around the
"4
leading edges from wall to wall. In addition, some tests near design
were run at a speed offeet per second and Reynolds number of
346,000 with and without roughness. Two cascade combinations were run
at design over a range of Reynolds numbers from 160,000 to 11.70,000 to
assist in estimating performance at Reynolds numbers other than the
usual test value. In order -to provide further information on scale
effects, two cascade combinations were tested through the 'a range with
leading-edge roughness at the standard Reynolds number and in the smooth
condition at a Reynolds number of 4 145,000. For solidities of 0.5
and 0.75 the tunnel could not accommodate -seven blades of 5-inch chord;
the blade chord was reduced to 2.5 inches and the Reynolds number to
approximately 200,000 for those tests. Tests with roughness were made
near the design point for soliditiee below 1.0, but Reynolds numbers
higher than 200,000 could not be obtained with the existing equipment.
Test measurements.- Blade pressure distribution was measured at

the midspan position of the central airfoil at each angle of attack.
In addition, surveys of wake total-pressure loss and turning angle were
made downstream of the cascade. The total-pressure surveys were made
with a nonintegrating multitube rake approximately 1 chord downstream
of the blade trailing edges. Turning angle surveys were made by the
"null method" with a claw type yaw head; since the yaw device was
mounted on a track at the rear of the tunnel the distance from the
blades varied from about 1 to 3 chords in the flow direction depending'
upon the inlet- and turning-angle combination. Flow discharge angle
readings were taken at a number of points downstream of several blade
passages along the tunnel center line. These readings were averaged
to obtain the final value. Since . the angle readings in the wake
deviatd several degrees frcim the average reading, and the direction
of the deviation varied consistntly with the direction of the total
pressure gradient, the accuracy of readings in the wake was questioned.
Therefore, the values obtained when the wake readings were included and
excluded in the averaging prpcess were compared for a number of tests.

NACA RN L51G3 1 9
The resulting turning-angle curves compared very well, but there was con-
siderably less scatter when only the readings outside the wake were used
to obtain the turning-angle value. This latter procedure has been
adopted as the standard method of measuring the flow discharge direc-
tion. Upstream conditions were measured in the same manner as in
reference 1.
Calculations. - Pressure distribution and wake-survey data were

recorded and force values calculated nondimensionally as coefficients
based numerically on the upstream dynamic pressure q 1 . This choice
was dictated partly by convenience in reducing the data (standardiza-
tion of q1 permits use of manometer scales which give nondimensional
values directly) and partly by the belief that information based on
entering flow is most convenient for design use, particularly when
critical speed is important.
All forces due to pressure and momentum changes across the blade
row were summed to obtain the resultant blade force coefficient CF1.
In this process the wake total-pressure deficit was converted to an
integrated momentum difference by the method given for the drag calcu-
lation in the appendix of reference 6. This wake momentum difference,
expressed nondimensionally, is designated the wake coefficient
it represents the momentum difference between the wake and the stream
outside the wake, and is based on q 1 numerically. The wake coeffi-
cient Is not considered to be a true drag coefficient, but is used
merely for, convenience in assessing the contribution of the wake in
the sununation of forces.
The resultant-force coefficient was resolved into components per-

pendicular and parallel to the vector mean velocity Mm (see fig. 5)
to obtain the lift coefficient C1 1 and the drag coefficient Cd1,
respectively. The mean velocity was calculated as the vector average
of the velocities far upstream and far downstream. The velocity far
downstream was obtained from measurements just behind the blades by
using a momentum-weighted average of the velocity just behind the
blades. This rather detailed method was found necessary to give con-
sistent drag values. Since the resultant force Is very nearly perpen-
dicularto the mean velocity, the value of the component parallel to
the mean velocity is quite sensitive to mean-velocity direction.
Attempts at using the downstream velocity outside the wake for aver-
aging rather than the momentum-average velocity gave very erratic drag
results indicating that mean velocity directions obtained in that
manner were not reliable. In addition to the lift and drag, the blade
normal-force coefficient CNN1 was obtained by computing the component
of the resultant-force coefficient perpendicular to the blade chord
line. This normal-force coefficient was compared with the normal-force
coefficient CNpl. obtained by integration of the blade surface
10 NACA RN L51G31
pressure distribution as a check on the accuracy of individual tests.

A detailed derivation of the method of calculating the force coeffi-
cients is given in the appendix.
Accuracy of results.- In general the turning-angle values measured

are believed to be accurate within near the design values. The
correlationprocedure used. is believed to have improved further the
accuracy of the design values in the final results. For tests far from
design, that is, near positive or negative stall, the accuracy was
reduced somewhat. In addition, at an inlet angle of 70 0 'with sections
of zero camber, satisfactory measurements were very difficult to obtain
and the accuracy was reduced.
As noted in the section describing calculation methods, the blade

normal-force coefficient CNM1 calculated from pressure-rise and
momentum considerations was dompared with the normal-force coeffi-
cient C Np 1 obtained, from the pressure distribution as a check on the
over-all accuracy of individual tests. Since these values would be
affected by error in turning-angle, surface pressure or wake-survey
readings, or by failure to achieve two-dimensionality of the flow, this
comparison is a check on the over-all acceptability of the results. A
difference of 5 percent between the two normal-force coefficients was
set as the outside limit for acceptance of individual tests for lift
coefficients above 0.2; below lift coefficients of 0.2 a direct numeri-
cal comparison was made using a limit of plus or minus 0.01. The
agreement was well within the 5-percent limit for most of the tests as
originally run, and only a few conditions had to be repeated: The
accuracy of the lift coefficients is directly comparable to that of the
normal-force coefficients. The'accuracy of wake-coefficient and drag-
coefficient values will be discussed later under Reynolds number effects.
PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
Detailed blade-performancedata for all cascade combinations

tested are presented in the form of surface-pressure distributions and
blade-section-characteristic plots in figures 6 to 84. The representa-
tive pressure distributions presented have been selected to illustrate
the variation through the angle-of-attack range for each combination.
The section characteristics presented through the angle-of-attack range
are turning angle, lift coefficient, wake coefficient, drag coefficient,
and lift-drag ratio. The effects of changes in Reynolds number and
blade-surface condition on section characteristics are given in
figure .8. ' . ,
NACA RN L51G31 11
Trends of section operating range, in terms of angle-of-attack

range, with camber for the four inlet angles tested are presented in
figure 86. Variation of ideal and actual dynamic-pressure ratio across
the cascade with turning angle and inlet angle is presented in fig-
tire 87. Figure 88 gives the relation between inlet dynamic pressure
and mean dynamic pressure for convenience in converting coefficients
from one reference velocity to the other. Limit loading information
is summarized in figure 89. Comparison of the present porous-wall-
cascade turning-angle data with that of the solid-wall cascade of refer-
ence 4 is made in figure 90 for a typical inlet angle and solidity
combination. -
The information which is most useful for choosing the blade sec-
tions to fulfill compressor design vector diagrams is summarized in
figures 91 to 111 inclusive. The variation of turning angle with angle'
of attack for the blade sections tested is presented for one combina-
tion of inlet angle and solidity in each of the figures 91 to 106.
Trends of the slopes of the turning-angle, angle-of-attack curves near
design are given in figure 107. Figures 108 to 111 are design and
correlation charts; the variation of design turning angle anddesign
angle of attack with the parameters, camber, inlet angle, and solidity,
is presented for several combinations of the parameters so that
interpolation to the conditions of a design velocity diagram is
relatively easy.
DISCUSSION
Design Conditions
The values and shape of the blade-surface-pressure distribution

are important criteria for predicting the conditions of best operation
at high Mach numbers. Velocity peaks occurring on either surface in
low-speed tests would be accentuated at high speeds, and supersonic
velocities with attendant shock losses would occur at relatively low
entering Mach numbers. The selection of the angle of attack designated
as "design" for each combination of inlet angle, solidity, and camber
is based on the premise that the blade section will be required to
operate at Mach numbers near the critical value. The trend of pressure-
distribution shape over the angle-of-attack range was examined for each
cascade combinatiofl, and the angle for which no velocity peaks occurred
on either surface r was selected as being optimum from the standpoint of
high-speed usage. In general the design angle so selected is near the
middle of the low-drag range thus indicating efficient section opera-
tion for angles a few degrees higher or lower than the design condi-
tion. The design-angle-of-attack choices are indicated by an arrow on
the blade-section-characteristic plàts of figures 6 to' 84. The'design
12 . NACA RN L51G31
angles are also shown by cross bars on the turning-angle summary curves
in figures 91 to 106.
Correlation of the design angles of attack and design turning

angles over the range of camber, solidity, and inlet angle is given by
figures 108 to ill in a manner convenient for design use. The correla-
tion is excellent; smooth curves result when any two of the three
parameters are used as independent variables. It should be noted that
the design angle of attack is the same for all inlet angles at any
given solidity and camber.
The section-characteristic curves of figures 6 to 84 indicate that,

in general. , the design points chosen do not give maximum lift-to-drag
ratios for low- and medium-speed operation. For designs which will not
operate near critical speed, therefore, higher efficiency could be
obtained by using angles of attack several degrees higher : than the
design points presented. This procedure must be used with caution at
the higher camber and inlet-angle combinations, however, since the sec-,
tion operating range becomes quite narrow for combinations of highest
camber and inlet angle corresponding to the highest values of Ap/q1.
It is recommended that the individual pressure distributions and section-
characteristic curves be examined before departure from the specified
design points is made.
Reynolds Number Effects
Pressure distribution and boundary layers. - For many of the tests

at angles of attack near and below design, there is evidence that a
region of laminar separation of the boundary-layer flow occurred on the
convex blade surface; this separated boundary layer then became turbu-
lent and reattached to the blade surface as a relatively thick turbu-
lent boundary layer. The mechanism of such a flow sequence is described
for the isolated airfoil in reference 7. The laminar separation is
indicated by a relatively flat region in the pressure distribution and
the turbulent reattachment is characterized by a rapid pressure recovery
just downstream of the separated region. This flow pattern can be seen
clearly in many of the figures but it is particularly evident in fig-
ures 2(a), 42(c), 56(b) to 56(d), and 66(a) to. 66(e). For some tests,
it appears that laminar separation occurred on the concave surface as
well. This is noticeable in figures 42(b), 112(d), 42(e), 66(c),
and 66(d).
The extent of laminar boundary-layer flow which occurs on an air-

foil surface is. affected by Reynolds number, stream turbulence level,
airfoil surface condition, and surface pressure gradient. Increases
in Reynolds number, stream turbulence, and surface roughness would
promote earlier transition. Qualitatively a gradient of decreasing
NACA RM L51G31 13
surface pressure would be required to maintain laminar flow if the

Reynolds number, stream turbulence, surface roughness, or the combina-
tion of these, which might be referred to as "effective Reynolds number,"
were high enough to favor transition. At the turbulence level of the
5-inch cascade tunnel, however, laminar flow and laminar separation on
the convex surface persisted to Reynolds numbers up to 245,000 even
when the surface pressure gradient was slightly unfavorable. The addi-
tion of leading-edge roughness, as described in the "Testing Methods"
section reduced the extent of the laminar separation region, but did
not eliminate it in some cases. In view of the thick boundary layer
which results from laminar separation and reattachment, it appears that
the minimum final boundary-layer thickness and section drag coefficient
would result if the Reynolds- 'number and turbulence values were such as
to cause transition before laminar separation occurred. Use of leading-
edge roughness to reduce an extended laminar separation region would
probably result in a thinner final boundary layer than that for the
smooth blade at the same Reynolds number but would probably result in a
thicker boundary layer than that for the smooth blade at high Reynolds
number. A thick turbulent boundary layer would be expected to promote
turbulent separation near the trailing edge of compressor blades which
produce a significant pressure rise.
Wake coefficient and drag coefficient.- As noted previously, the

wake coefficient Cw 1 expresses the momentum difference between the
wake flow and the downstream flow outside the wake in a manner conven-
ient for use in summing blade forces. The wake coefficient is, of
course, directly dependent upon boundary-layer thickness and shape, and
changes in the boundary layer with changes in effective Reynolds number
are reflected in the wake-coefficient values. Furthermore, if the
effective Reynolds number is near the condition where laminar separa-
tion may or may not occur, the change in surface pressure gradient with
change in angle of attack would control the presence and extent of
laminar separation on either blade surface. Obviously erratic varia-
tions in the value of the wake coefficients would result under those
circumstances. The blade-section-characteristic curves of figures 6
to 84 show that in most cases the wake-coefficient values were irregular
as the angle of attack was varied in the region near design at the usual
test Reynolds number of 245,000: With higher Reynolds number and/or
leading-edge roughness the rapid local pressure recovery associated with
boundary-layer reattachment was less evident in the surface pressure-
distributions and the wake coefficient usually was reduced. For ,a few
cases, notably those of figures 34(g), 35( g ), 68(g), and 84(g), leading-
edge roughness increased the wake coefficient, however; in those cases
the roughness apparently produced a more severe turbulent boundary
Layer than laminar separation and reattachment did.
The trend of drag coefficient C d1, defined as the component of

-esultant force parallel to the mean-velocity, was similar to that of
14 - ' NPCA RN L51G3 1
wake coefficient. The drag curves were quite irregular near design -
angle of attack and the values measured varied as much as 30 percent
with Reynolds number and roughness. Obviously the values of both drag
coefficient and lift-drag ratio near design are not sufficiently
reliable to use directly in a design analysis. These values should be
of some use for comparison purposes, however. The large drag rise
associated with positive and negative stall should be relatively insen-
sitive to Reynolds number 'effects, because the pressure gradients on-
the critical surfaces are then unfavorable to laminar flow, and so
should be useful for determining effective operating range.
The trend of drag coefficient with Reynolds number near the design
condition for the NACA 65-(12)10 blade section at f3 of 60°, a of 1.0,
and 3 of 45 0 , a of 1.5 shown in figure 8 5(a) serves to indicate the
magnitude of the Reynolds number effect. Increasing the stream turbu-
lence by the use of a 1_inch_mesh screen upstream of the test section
• lowered the drag coefficients at low Reynolds number, and reduced the
Reynolds number at which the drag coefficients become essentially con-
stant with Reynolds number. The comparison of Cd values through the
angle-of-attack range for the same cascade combinations at two Reynolds
numbers in figures 85(b) and 85(c) gives some further indication of
Reynolds number effect. For R of 445,000, the drag coefficients are
lower and the curves are smoother than for R of 245,000. The addi-
tion of leading-edge roughness in figure 85(b) smoothed the drag curve
but did not give the same decrease in' drag that the high R did.
There appears to be some effect on the angle of attack at which the
drag rises rapidly in figure 85(c) 'but since the effect was not the
same in figure 85(b) no conclusions can be drawn.
Turning angle and lift. - Figure 8 5( a ) shows that the effect of

Reynolds number on turning angle near design a. is almost insignifi-
cant for R between 220,000 and 470,000. This is borne out by the
fact that throughout figures 6 to 84 changes in e with Reynolds num-
ber and roughness were, in general,. within the limits of measuring
accuracy. Below R of 220,000 a decrease of design turning angle can
be expected. There appears to be some R effect on turning angle near
stall in figure 85(c), but again the effect has not been definitely
established. It can be concluded that the design turning angles pre-
sented are correct for R above 220,000, but that the effect of R
near stall is unknown. •
Laminar separation had no apreciable effect on the measured lift.

The lift-coefficient values for a given test agreed well at low and
high Reynolds numbers and with and without roughness. The normal-force
coefficients obtained by integration of the pressure distributions also
changed very little with changes in Reynolds number and roughness.
NACA RN L 51G31 15
Operating Range
In order to estimate the useful operating range of the various

sections at the several solidity and inlet angle conditions tested,
Howell's index of twice the minimum drag (reference 8) was used to
select the upper and lower limits of angle of attack. As discussed
previously\in the section concerning Reynold's number effects, the
accuracy of the measured values of drag coefficient near design angle
of attack suffered due to laminar-flow separation. The minimum value
of drag coefficient could not be determined exactly and an approximate
value was used todetermine the operating range. For most of the test
configurations, the drag coefficient changed rapidly with angle of
attack near, the ends of-the useful range, so an error in the value of
minimum drag used would have only a small affect on the operating range
value. Some scatter in the results was evident, however.
No' Most values at

constant camber and inlet angle fell within the scatter of the points.
A tendency for the range to increase slightly as the solidity was
Increased was detectable at 13 = 150, but this was not evident for other
inlet angles. The results plotted In figure 86 indicate that the major
determinant of operating range is inlet angle. As the Inlet angle is
increased, the usable range of angle of attack is decreased, with
greater changes indicated for angles above design than for angles lower
than design. The camber of the section affects the operating range in
the following manner for angles of attack above design: at an inlet
angle of 30° f the range increased with increasing camber; at inlet
angles of 1 4.50 , 600 and 70 , the opposite trend occurred. For values
of 'a less than design, little change in range with camber was indi-
cated for 13 =300; at higher inlet angles, the range decreased-as
the section camber increased.
With high entering velocities, the section operating range would

be reduced due to a more rapid increase of drag at angles of attack
well above or below design. Further, the comparison, between sections
of different camber, at constant inlet angle and solidity, would be
altered as the flow velocities relative to the blade surfaces exceed
the local velocity of sound.
Pressure Rise
The ideal, nondiinensional pressure rise p/q 1 - across a two-

dimensional cascade , is specified when the inlet angle and turning angle
are known, since the ratio of the flow areas determines the pressure
rise. Since-the mass flow is consiant, the actual pressure rise is
less than the ideal because of the "blocking" effect of the wake on
the downstream flow area. For given inlet and turning angles,-the
16 NACA RM L51G 31
• blocking effect would be more severe for higher solidity, since the
unaffected flow area is reduced. For incompressible flow the nondimen-
sional pressure rise is equal to one,minus the dynamic-pressure ratio,
that is, = 1 - -& The actual dynamic-pressure ratio becomes
higher than the ideal because of the wake blocking effect. The ideal
dynamic-pressure ratios, and the actual ratios at design turning angles
for two solidities, are sunmiarized in figure 87 for the range of inlet
and turning angles tested. The dynamic-pressure ratios for individual
tests are given by the short bars at the 100-percent points of the
pressure-distribution plots. Wake blocking effects would be changed by
the same Reynolds 'number and roughness factors which change the wake
coefficient; however, the percentage change in dynamic-pressure ratio
would be small.
/
Limit Loading
Information on the maximum loading which can be achieved in a com-

pressor blade row is important in the design of high performance axial-
flow compressors. As noted previously, the high pressure rise associated
with large turning at high inlet angles promotes turbulent separation so
that at inlet angles of 60 0 and 70° the stall angle of attack moved
progressively closer to the design angle with increasing section camber.
The limit turning Is reached when the maximum turning is no greater than
design turning. The practical limit would be somewhat lower to give a
reasonable operating range. -
Approximate limit turning was reached at 1 3 of 6o°, a of 1.0 and

1. 5, and at 13 of 70 0 , Cr of 1.0, 1.2 5, and 1. 5 . Information from those
tests is given in terms of a commonly used loading parameter, aCim,
in figure 89. Both the actual test values of the parameter, and the
ideal values calculated using the test inlet and turning angles are
presented. Note that the lift coefficient is here based, numerically,
on the mean velocity, to conform to the usual form of theparameter.
Arbitrarily chosen constant values of clC jm have often been used

as maximum allowable values in design analyses. The fallacy of using
'any constant value as a limit is clearly shown in figure 89; the true
limiting value increases with increasing solidity and decreases with
increasing inlet angle. Since no limits were reached for inlet angles
of 15° and 30°, it is clear that the limitation has very little signif-
icance there except, perhaps, at very low solidities. The phenomenon
is not yet well enough understood to permit the choice of a parameter
which could define the over-all limitation as a single value.
V
4
NACA RN L5 1G3 1 - 17
Comparison with Solid-Wall Cascade Data
The comparison between pressure-distribution and turning-angle data

for a solid-wall cascade tunnel and for the present porous-wall cascade
tunnel is given in reference 1 for the NPLCA 65-(12)10 blade section
at 1i of 600 and -a of 1.0. The comparison has been extended in fig-
ure 90 to include turning-angle data for all the cambers reported for
of 600 and a of 1.0 in reference 4. The turning-angle curves
compare fairly well for cambers up . to C1 0 of 0.8, but beyond that the
data of reference 4 deviate significantly from the present results.
Comparisons at other conditions would show similar trends.
Turning Angle, Angle-of-Attack Relationships
Summaries of the turning angle, angle-of-attack relationships

through the caniber range are given for each inlet angle and solidity.
in figures 91 to 106. The variations are quite consistent for most of
the range. Some inconsistency in the shape of the curves at stall is
a result of reduced accuracy of measurement there. For combinations
giving moderate pressure rises there are straight-line relationships
for considerable portions of the curves. For the highest pressure
rises, however, there are no definite straight-line relationships. The
variation of the elopes near design is given in figure 107 to assist in
estimating relationships at conditions other than those tested. These
slopes are average slopes for the camber range, and do not apply for
the highest cambers. Theymust be used with particular caution for
inlet angles near 700, since very narrow straight-line regions are
prevalent there.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
The systematic investigation of NACA 65-series compressor blade

sections in a low-speed cascade tunnel has provided design data for all
conditions within the usual range of application. The results of this
investigation indicate a continuous variation of blade-section perform-
ance as the major cascade parameters, blade camber, inlet angle, and
solidity are varied over the useful range. Summary curves have been
prepared to facilitate selection of blade sections and settings for
compressor-design velocity diagrams for optimum high-speed operation.
- Upper limits for the loading parameter aCI m have been established
for some conditions, and the invalidity of using a constant value of the
parameter has been shown.
18 NACA RN L51G31
The variation of the useful section operating range with camber,

inlet angle, and solidity has been shown. The operating range was
found to be broad except for the highest pressure-rise conditions.
Langley Aeronautical Laboratory

National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
Langley Field, Va.

NP&A RN 1,51G31 19
APPENDIX
/
CALCULATION OF BLADE FORCE COEFFICIENTS
The two-dimensional resultant force on a blade in cascade is the

vector sum of all the pressure and momentum forces exerted by the fluid.
At any appreciable distance behind the blade row the static pressure is
constant along a line parallel to the blade row, since any prior pres-
sure gradients would have been converted to momentum changes. Assuming
a pressure force acting in the upstream direction to be positive:
FP = (P - ('i)
2
Sum momentum forces In the axial and tangential directions. Assume

axial momentum forces positive if the force on the blade is in the
upstream direction, and tangential momentum forces positive If t he
'
tangential velocity change is in the usual direction shown in figure 5.
The axial momentum force then is
Va 1) b dg (2)
'M
=fg. P2 Va2 ( Va2 -
and the tangential momentum force is
P2Va2(11u1. - w)b dg
• F
=f (3)
Since momentum values In the wake can be obtained most easily as differ-
ences between the wake values and the downstream value outside the wake,
it is convenient to rewrite equations (2) and (3)
F Ma= PihTa1 ( 1a2 - s1a1)t

+f P2Va(Va - Va2 )b dg ()
F. Plval(Wu1 wu2)b + P2Va2(WU25 - W)b dg (5)
But the wake momentum force, as calculated from. wake surveys, is

20 NACA RN L51G3 1
F
f P2 Va 2 (W 2 - w2 )b dg (6)
If, now, the flow direction In the wake can be assumed to be the same
as the average downstream flow direction, the wake force can be resolved
into components In the axial and tangential directions. Using the same
sign convention as before
Fwa w cos Va 2 ('Ts,2, - Va) b dg (7)

2 =fg P2
=
Fw sin 0 2 =
Jg
r P2V a2 ( 1u2 - w 2 ) b dg (8)
These are the integral terms in equations (4) and (5). Substituting
equation (7) in equation (4) and equation (8) in equation (5), the axial
and tangential force components become
Fa = F + FMa = (P2 - p 1)bg + PfTai(1a2 - Va1)b - Fw cos
FU = F = Pl Va l ( W ul - w u2 )b + F V sin 0 2
For convenience use coefficients based on q1
Fa + 2V a1(2s - Va
= - C COB
CFa1.
1W12bc a w12
L1
2Val
- )1
F
I+C sin 0 2
CFu1 .ipW12bc
The resultant-force coefficient is given by
2
Fl =^CF 2+c
C
a1 u1
NCA B14 L51G31 21
If y is used to denote the angle between the resultant force and the
tangential direction
C Pa 1
-1
y=tan
Pu1
The lift coefficient C1 1 and drag coefficient Cd1 are the com-
ponents of Cp1 perpendicular and \parallel to the vector mean velocity,
Wm, respectively, where Wm is the vector average of the velocities
far upstream and far downstream. The upstream velocity can be easily
measured. The velocity far downstream Is obtained by proper averaging
of the velocities just behind the blades. Since the axial area controls
the axial velocity, conservation of mass determines the axial component
of the velocity far downstream. Since there are no physical boundaries
in the tangential direction to support pressure gradients, conservation
of momentum controls the tangential component far downstream. The dis-
cussion up to this point applies to compressible as well as incompres-
sible flow.
For compressible flow the effect of wake mixing on pressures and

densities makes accurate determination of the axial velocity far down-
stream rather tedious. In the incompressible, two-dimensional case the
downstream axial component is Va l , and the downstream tangential com-
ponent is the . Momentum-weighted average of Wu2. This tangential com-
ponent can be obtained by adding to the tangential momentum of the dis-
charge free stream the integrated tangential momentum of the wake. The
integrated tangential momentum of the wake can be determined from the
tangential component- of the wake coefficient. Having the correct.
velocity far downstream, the vector mean-velocity direction Wm can be
easily obtained. The direction of Wm should be determined accurately
since - Cp 1 is very nearly perpendicular to Wm, and the value of the
drag component Cd1 is sensitive to small changes in the direction
of Wm.
22 NACA RM L51G31
REFERENCES
1. Erwin, John R., and Emery, James C.: Effect of Tunnel Configuration
and Testing Technique on Cascade Performance. NACA TN 2028 1 1950.
2. Westphal, Willard R., and Godwin, William R.: Comparison of NACA

65-Series Compressor Blade Pressure Distributions and Performance
in a Rotor and in Cascade. NACA RN L51H20, 1951.
3. Bogdonoff, Seymour M.: N.A.C.A. Casôade Data for the Blade Design
of High Performance Axial-Flow Compressors. Jour. Aero. Sci.,
vol. 15, no. 2, Feb., 1948, pp. 89-95.
4. Bogonoff, Seymour M., and Bogdonoff, Harriet E.: Blade Design Data
for Axial-Flow Fans and Compressors. NACA ACR L5FO7a, 1945.
5. Bogdonoff, Seymour M., and Hess, EugeneE.: Axial-Flow Fan and

Compressor Blade Desin Data at 52.5 0 Stagger and Further
Verification of Cascade Data by Rotor Tests. NACA TN 1271, 1947.
6. Abbott, Ira H., Von Doenhoff, Albert E., and Stivers, Louis S., Jr.:
Sunniary of Airfoil Data. NACA Rep. 82 14, 194 5. (Formerly NACA
ACR L5CO5.)
7. Bursriall, William J., and Loftin, Laurence K., Jr.: Experimental

Investigation of Localized Regions of Laminar-Boundary-Layer
Separation. NACA TN 2338, 1951.
8. Howell, A. R.: Design of Axial Compressors. Lectures on the

Development of the British Gas Turbine Jet Unit Published in War
Emergency Issue No. 12 of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers.
A.S.M.E. Reprint, Jan. 1947, pp. 1452-1462.
I I
i

NACA RN L51G3 1 23
TABLE I
ORDINATES FOR NACA 65-010 BASIC THICKNESS FORMS
[Stations and ordinates in percent of

chordi
Ordinates, ±Y
Station, x
65(216)-010-airfoil ;ombined Derived 65 J 010 airfoil
with y = 0.0015x
0 1 0 0
ri .5 .752 .772
.75 .890 .932'
1.25 1.124 1.169
2.5 .. 1.571 1.574.
5.0 2.222 2.177
7.5 2.709 2.647
10 3.111 . 3.0140
ITS 3.746 3.666
20 4.218 4.143
25 . 4.570 4.503
30 4.824 .. 4.760
35 . 4.982 4.924
40 5.057 . 4.996
45 5.029 4.963
50- . 4.870 4.812
55 4.570 4.530
.60 . 4.151 4.146
65 3.627 3.682
70 . 3.03 8 . 3.156
75 2.451 2.584
80 1.847 1.987
85 1.251 1.385
90 - .749 .810
95 .354 .306
100 .150 0
L.E. radius .666 .687
w
24 NACA RM L51G31
TABLE II
ORDINATES FOR THE NACA a = 1.0 MEAN LINE
[Stations and ordinates in percent of chorj
Cj =1.0
Station, x Ord'inate,t y Slope, dy/dx
.250 0.42120
.75 .350 .38875
1.25 .535 .34770
2.5 .930 .29155
5.0 1.58o .2330
7.5 2.120 .19995
10 2.585 .17485
15 3.365 .13805
20 3.980 .11030
25 4.475 .08745
30 4.86o .o6745
35 5.150 .O925
5.355 .03225
5.75 .01595
•50. 5.515 0
55 5.475 -.01595
6o 5.355 -.03225
65 5.156 -.04925
70 4.860 -.o6745
75 4.475 -.08745
80 3.980 -.11030
85 3.365 -.13805
.90 2.585 .171485
95 1.580 -.23436
100 0
1
.0mowt-
NACA RN L51G31 25
TABLE, III
CASCADE COMBINATIONS TESTED
(deg)
30 45 60 70
65-410 65-4io
.0 . 50 65-(12)lo 65-(12)10
6-(18)io 65-(18)10
65-410 65-410
.75 65-(12)lo 65-(12)10
6-(18)io 65-(18)io
6-010 65-010 6-010 65-010
6-410 6-410 65-410 65-410
65-810 65-810 65-810 - 65-810
65-(12)10- 65-(12)10 65-(12)10- 65-(12)10-
1.00 6-(15)10 65-(15)10 65-(15) 10 a65(15)10
• 65-(18)io 65-(18)io 65-(18)10
65-(21)10 65-(21)10
65-(24)10
65-(27)10
65-410 65-410 65-410 65-410
1.25 65-(12)lo 65-(12)lo 65-(12)lo 6-810
65-(18)lo 65-(18)10 65-(18)lo 65-(12)10
65-(1)10
65-010 6-010 6-010 6-010
6 5- 410 65-410 65-410 65-410
65-810 65-810 65-810 6-810
1.50 65-(12)lo 65-(12)10 65-(12)10 65-(12)10
65-(15)10 65-(15)10 65-(15)10 65-(15)10
6 5-(18)iO 65-(18)io 65-(18)lo
6 5-(21)lo 65-(21)10
65-(24)lo 65-(24)10
No design point was obtained for this combination.
NACA RM L51G31
IC
H
H
V
C)
Cd
H
a,
C)
C)
C)
C)
H bD
cdc
a)
a)
I
r-i co
00
0
k •1-4
0
p4 m
rj
C.
-PC)
CH
0
0
•r-1
C)
C)
CD
CD
CD
0
IC
C-)
C)
a) H
U a,
(I) C-)
•1-1
11)
H

NACA RM L71G31 27
Cd
çi
All
1W
IC"
J 0
a)
OA
HT
0
73 Cc
a)
a)
PA
CO
tai
p
I
4)
c'J

28 NACA RM L1G31
U'
CsJ
4.)
0
H
C.)
r1
H
a)
CsJ
a),
a)0
. +)
(D0 cc
. a)r
—
o
•rl
- CO
01
Q,
'. D)
4.)
. Od
CL
Ci
-i-I
I:')
0
a)
Wu
Cli OD 1.0 Ict e.J .o
s /U 11001 9A IDWJON
we

NACA RN L51G31 29
Chord
-I----- "—Tangent
NACA 65-010
Chord
NACA 6 5-4 10 "—Tangent
Chord
Tangent
NACA 65-810
. Chord
)
Tangent
NACA 65-(12)10
(a) Lower cambered sections. Angle between chord line and tangent to
lower surface as shown for the various sections.
Figure 14• - Blade sections tested in this investigation.

30 NACA P.M L51G31
Chord

NACA 6-(15)10 Tangent
Chord
NACA 6-(18)10 Tangent
Chord -
1IIIIT NACA6-(21)1O Tangent
-
Chord
NACA 6-(2I)10 Tangent
Chord
NACL6-(27)10
(b) Higher cambered sections. Chord line and tangent line coincident.
Figure 1. - Concluded.

NACA RM L51G31 31
Va
Figure 5.- Typical vector diagram for a compressor rotor.
'I

32 NACA RM L51G31
2.4

1.6 1.6

S S
.8 .1
. 8n
00 20 40 60 80 IC
MEN
Percent chord Percent chord
(a) ar- 3.0°; 8= -3.4° (b) a 1 = 3.0°; 8= 2.4?
o Convex surface
c Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 0
0 20 40 60 RO 100
(c)a1=4.0°; 8= 2.9? (d) a1 = e.o°; 8=6.9?
2.4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8
0 (-I
020406D80100 020406080K0
(e) a 1 = 11.0 0 8 = 9.30? - (f) a 1 = 17.0°; 8 = 14.3?
Figure 6.- Blade-surface pressure distributons and blade section charac.

teristics for the cascade combination, Pi = 3Q0 , . 1.00, and
blade section, NACA 67-010.

MACA RM L51G31 33
20 .5 40 .07
- 0•I8
- p C21 - _
-I-- -
* Cd1
16 .4 30 .06
A ew,
7•
—y — -•--
12 - .3
8_.2
IIIIIZ2^II ao —1 .05
10 .84
deg -
- - C
4_.I 0 - .03
•0 —'.02
0 - .01
-8 - r •—n
-4 0 4 8 12 16 20
a deg
(g) Section characteristics; arrow shows design angle of attack;

flagged symbol indicates leading-edge roughness.
Figure 6.- Concluded.

3J.. NACA RM L1G31
1.6

S S
.8 .8
0 0
(a) a 1 = 3.00; 8 = 0.2? (b) a = 3.00; 9= 5.6?
o Convex surface
a Concove'surfac
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 0
(c) a=75 0 ; o r-9.9! (d) a 1 : 9.0°;
8 = 11.3?
3.2--- I
24---__
\
S 1.6 .s I.6—------
.8
0
0 20 40 80 80 100 020406080100
(e) a1: l5.Q°; 8 : 16.60
(f) a1: 21.0°; 8 = 21.1°.
Figure 7.- Blade-surface pressure distributions and blade section

characteristics for the cascade conth1nat1, =30'1 a = 1.00,
and blade section, NACA 65-41o.

NACA RN L51G31 .. 35
28r— 1.7 SO .05
24F— .6 50 —1 .04
20 .5 ;o —1 .03
16 .4 30 - .02
Icw
.O,deg
l2— .3
H c11
I
Cdl
—1 .01
8 .2
4 .1 0 —i .01
o 1 I I IV .1 I I I I I I I 10
0 4 8 12 16 20 2
deg
(g). Section characteristics; arrow shows design angle of attack;

Figure 7.- Concluded. -

36 NAA RM L1G31
2A
Ii
I. .11 1.6
S S
.8
-o
I
I-'ercent chord Frcent chord
(a) a = 2.40; 9 = 350 (b) a 1 : 3.70; 9: 9.3°
o Convex surface
o Concave .surface
U
Ii
S .8 S :
o 20 40 60 80 00 20 40 60 80 ibo
(c) a,: 6.7 0 ; 8=12.3? (d) a,: 9.7 0 ; 8=15.0?
3.2--
I
NACA
a4 24
S 1.6 S I.6—---
----
.8 a a
0
0 20' 40 GD 80 100 0 20 .40 60 80100
Frtent chord Percent chord
(e) a 1 = 15.70; 8: 20.5° r-- i(f) a 21.7 0 ; 8 : 25.00.

characteristics for the cascade combination, 01 = 300, Cr = 1.00,
and blade section, NACA 65-810.
NACA RN L51G31 Tr . 37
.1
80
28 70 .07
24 .4 .06
/
" 20 50 .05
Cw
O,deg c Ek
Cd,
16 40 .04
12 30 .03
8• 20 .02
4 10 .01
n
=4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24
a /, deg
(g) Section characteristics ; arrow shows design angle of attack;

- -....----- ..

38 NACA RN L1G31
-.-----
24 2.4
1.6 1.6
S S
.8 .8
o 20 40 60 80 ibo ''Ô 20 4060 80 ibo

Percent chord Frcent chord
(a) a =4.1 0 ; 9 : 12.8° (b) a 1 : 10. 1 0 ; 9=1880
o Convex surface
o Concave surface
1.6
S S .8
- 0
0 20406080100
(C) a,: I3.I 8 :2170 (d) a 1: 18J°; 9:26.3?
4.98
3.2 3.2-- I I
P-4 24---
S 1.6 S . 1.6
•
d
—---
"Ol I
.8
0
0 20408D80 100
0 rO-IITI
Th 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a 1 24.1°; 8:31.2 0. ___ (f) a,: 30.10; 9:340?
Figure 9.- Blade-surface pressure distributins and blade section

characteristics for the cascade combination, = 3Q0,
= 1.00,
and blade section' 65-(12)10.

NACA RN L51G31 39
Co N -
o o 0 0 00 0 Q 0
I •I I I I I I IT--1
o
0
0 0
10
0 -110
00 0 0
N
--- 10
-- --- - ----
--- --------
cu
H
CP
a,
N
---4--- U
0
A C-)
- •0
------- ---11---! 0 40
.D-.
N
/
-k- ------
In
0 CP
--ç /
N
-0G4
- j
- 0
Ii... II • I! • I• Ill• II••I

o ID N 0 0 w N
10 10 N . N 04 - -
0- --

Ure NACA EM L51G31
U
1.6 a
S S
.8
MM
iercent ctord
I
I I I I
) 20 40 60 80 IC
Percent chord
(a) a1 : 5.00 ; 8=16.5! (b) a 1 =II.0°; 8=23.2°.
o Convex surface
c Concave surface
1.6 - 1.6
S 8
o u 'K.) bO 80 100
- 0
0 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a 1: 15.0°; 8 : 26.7! (d) a 1 =17.OP ; 8*28.60
3.90
3.2--
NACA
24i _
S I S l.6-----
----s-
8----
--a/
cvL -
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 00
(e) ' a 1 : 23.00; 8: 34.I.
a 1 29.0°; 8:38.21

characteristics for the cascade combination, 0 1 = 30°, -a = 1.00,
and blade section, NACA 65-(15) LO.
NACA RM L51G31 41
o 0 0 0O0 0 0
I I I I I I I I I I I
2 0 0
C)
a
0U'
N
CO
C CP
-
N
21
0
U'C
H
c_)
N
- 0
0
-0, 40
(0
N
C)
o '
I..
a
0
C
co
/
9 O C in
I • I •1 I I I I I
0 CD N 0 0 CD
IC) N N W -

14.2 NACA RM L51G31
VQ

z 14
-1 2.4

1.6 1.6

S S
.8
I 11
---4 I -) 20 40 60 80 IC
rerceni cncra Percent chord
(a) a 1 : 10.00; 8 : 23.1°. (b) a 1 : 16.0°; 8 =29.70
o Convex surface
o Concave surface
1.6 I.E
S • .8 - S .8
0 •IUUE I
D 20 40 60 80 Ic
1 I
Percent chord I-'ercent chord
(C) a z 18.00;
l (d) a 1 =23.0°; 8=36.1°
3.2 3.2
a4 2
S 1.6 S I.E
.8
a (1
0 20 40 60 80 tOO --
trcent chord Percent chord
(e) a, = 29.00; 8= 40.9° (f) a 1 : 35.00; 8
42.6°
Figure 11.- Blade-surface pressure d istributions and blade section
characteristics for the cascade combiation, =300,a = 1.00,
and blade section, NACA 65-(18)io.
NACA RN L51G31 43
52 —I.
- I
0 9
o C1
48 —I. Cd1--------- 8( 1--j.07
- . C,1
44 —l. - .06
-- - I—
40 - - - - -._
—Ii 6( —H .05
8, deg \Z —Ia
Icd1
36 -1.1 —1 .04
- --.- -
_
.-
•32 —t.c —1 .03
-v-----
28 -.9
- - - - - .-.-- - - - 3C .02
24 -.8
-/ -- 2C 0I
20 -.7
iZ 16 20
a1 , deg
24 28 Th Th RI
(g) Section characteristics ; arrow shows design angle of attack

- Figure 11.- Concluded.

-
ia NACA RN L5101
laws=&
1.6 -
S S
.8 .8
0 20 40 60 80 100 "0 20 40 60 80 ibo

(a) a 1: 0.00; 9 : 2.4? (b)a1: 6.00;
o Convex surface
Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100
(c) a,: 8.0°; 9 10.6°.
(d) a , = I0.00;9:
3.51
3.2
a4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 (•1
'+0 w tso IOU 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a , : 16.0 0 ; 9 : 160 0 . (f) a,: 22.0° ; 8 22.9°.

characteristics for the cascade combination,
i•= 300, 1.25,
and blade section, NACA6541O.

NACA RM L51G31 ".5
• 32 .7 80 - .09
28 .6 70 —1 .08
24 .5 60 —1 07
20 .4 5° H .06
16 .3 40 —I .05
IC Wi
Cl'
D
lcdI
l2.2 30 —A.04
8 k—.1 20 .03
10 .02
0 ---1.01
4 L. - -4
I I
0
I I'
4
I ii
8
I I
12
I I
16
I I
20 24
a1 , deg
(g) Section choracter.istics ; arrow shows design angle of attack;

flagged symbol indicates leading - edge roughness.

.. .

46 NACA RM L51G31

1.6 LE

S S
.8 .8
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 2040 60 80 100

(a) a 1 = 4.1 0 ; 8 13.9 0. (b) a = 10.1° 8 19.9°.
o Convex surface
O Concave surfarp
I.E LE
M'SII
S . .8 S .8
0
911ROW
, IM-70m: so,
FA
I-'ercent chord Percent chord

(c) ai:13.10;8=22.7o, (d),z 15.1 0 ; 8=24.50.
3.2 I
24J I I
S 1.6 S
.8 .8 FE39
0 'I
0 , 20 40 GD 80100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Frcent chord Percent chord
(e) a 1 = 23.1°; 8 31.9°. _______________ a, = 32.I'°;8= 38.3°.
Figure 13.- Blade-surface pressure distribution
s and blade section
characteristics for the cascade combinatin, 30°, a = 1.25,
and blade section, NACA 65-(12)10.
NACA EM L51G31 - 47
cJ -
o 0 0 00 00 0 Q
I I I .1 I I I I I I I I
o o
40
0 0
2 0 0
- - --- - 0
--
-
- __z-- -
- -----' C
NN
It -
- • 0
0'
a)
u,C0'
.0
rl
0
----- - 0
0
CQ
- -- -
- -a
11 .7-I
- U
- Co -
- CD
0'
_O
-
W •) N
0 0 W C.J
c.
j - -
Cb
18 NACA RN L51G31
1.6
S S.
8 .8
1W. S .L._ --I

Percentcna
(a) a, 11.0° ; 8 25.2°. :
- ) HH
20 40 60 80 IC
Percent chord
(b) a, 17.0° ; 8 31.9°.
o Convex surface
o Concave surface
Lb
S..8
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord
(C) a 1 19.0 0 ; 9 = 338 0
ii1
- 8, -
Percent- chord
. 0
(d) a = 24.0°; 8 z 38.6°.
0
3.2 3.29-- I I
24---_
S 1.6 S 1.6 - - -
N
.8 .8------
p.I H
U O 40 & 80 tOO
Fitent chord .
0.t
-T _I I
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord
(e) a, = . 30.0 0 ; 8=43.50. L (f) a,= 36.00; 8=47.4°•
Figure l Li. Blade-surface pressure d
istributions and blade section
characteristics forthé cascade combinat4on, = 3Q0, a
and blade section, N4CA 6-(18)io.
NACA RM L51G31
52 r- 1.1 .08
90
48 1 — i.c 80. .07
44 I—.9 70 .06
40 .8 60 —1 .05
Icw
deg— Cz
D
.7 Cdj
36 50.04
32 .6 0 —1 .03
28 1— .5 30 —1 .02
24 i.— .4 T071=1 U
O
20 L_ .3 l0
—J0
16 . 20 . 24 28 32 36
a1 , deg . .
(9) SectiOn characteristics ; arrow shows design angle of attack;

Figure lii. . - Concluded.. . . ..

50 NACA RN L51G31
/
2.4 MENEM
MENEM

1.6 .1.6 MENEM
S S
.8 .8 SEEMS
EMENEN
MENEJ 0
(a) a,: _3.00; 9 _390 (b) a, 2.0 0 ; 9 = 1.3°.
o Convex surface
c Concave surface
1.6 1.6
-i
S .8 S .8
0 - 0
0 0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord . Percent chord
(C) a, : 4.O°; 9 = 3.4°. (d)a, z 6.0°; 9:540
3.2 3.2----
Z4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6;
.8
0 •:"
0 20 40 03 80 tOO 0 20 40 60 80 100
Fment chord Percent chord
(e) a,: 9.0°; 9:8.30. a,: 15.0 0 ; 9 = 13.84.

characteristics for the cascade Combinat1.n, 01 = 30 0 , a = 1.505

NACA RM.L51G31 51
20 i- .4 - .06
Cl,
16F— .3 MENNEN an
_ 0 —1 .05
___ U.
12 .2 30 .-1 .04
'c w.
C11 MIMMEMENEEM L
0, deg
D &
CdI
MEMEMMUSIEW
4 I— 0 MEMIMEMEMEN 10 —102
MWEEMEMENH
II ENEREEREME .0I
p P0
EREMEMEMENE
0,AO PA,
_N -'10 -J 0
0 4 8 12 16
a ,, deg

flagged symbol indicates leading - edge roughness.

52. S
N.ACA RML51G31
24 II,
1.6
S S
.8 .8
'0 20 40 60 80 100 "0 20 40 60 80 bC

(a) a, a _5.00; 9 22°. (b) a1 : 1.00 ; 8 : 4.1°.
o Convex surface
o Concave surfacp
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 0
0
Percent chord - - . Percent cho
(c) a 1 : 7.0°; 8 9.8 0 . (d) a 1 : 9.00; 9: 12.00.
3.2 • 32
a4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0
0 20 40 6D 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a, = 15.0°; 9 = 17.8°. a, = 21.0 0 ; 8z 22.60.

characteristics for the cascade combinat-ion, 01 = 300, a = 1.50,
and blade section, NPLCA 65-410.

NACA RN L51G31 - 53
w j
0 0 0 OQO 0 0
I I I I I I I I I 0
dO
o 0 0 0 i 0 0 0
I I-I I I I-I I I I I I Icj
0
4-0
OU)
U)
w
c.c
- C
fUP
IIIH:IIIjIiIr
N 0N N OD 0
714. NACA RN L51G31
1.6 1.6
S S
.8 .8
MMM I I I 1. 1 I
9109OWNE-760254 ) 20 40 60 80 I(
(a) a,: 1.40 ; 9 :4•90• (b) a, 4.70; 8 11.0 °
o Convex surface
Ii Concave surface
LE
S .E S
Oti I I I I I H
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 IC
(c) a,: 11.7 0 ; 8:18.4°. (d) a, : I•3.7 0; 8 = 20.3°.

2.4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 (•1
0 20 40 83 80 tOO 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e)a,:18.7°; 9:253°. a: 24.70; 9 30.50
Figure 17.- Blade-surface pressure distributions and-blade section

characteristics for the cascade combination, 01 = 30°,- 1.50,
NACA RM L51G31

'5
co Wqt
0 Cl -
o o 0 o 0 0 Q o
I 1' I I I I I I I I I 1
o 0 0
In
0 0 0 0 0
II) Cl -
U
0
0
'4-
-- -- -\ --
0V)&0
c 0'
0 a)
,-1
-\---- C.)
--- - 0 0
0
r-4
- CD
- -
- ii
0
--
c 0'
.2 '
U
a, 4-
'
C',
- , - -
A
W
I I I .1 I I I I: I
ID 04 o
04
04
-
co
4.

56 NACA RN L51G31
4
24— -
1.6
S S
.8 .8

.0 0(
F'ercent chord Percent chord
a
( ) a1 :8.10; 9:18 .7 0. (b) a1 : 14.Io ; 9: 25.0°.
o Convex surface
o Concave surface
1.6

'S .8 S .8
0
VMS me "MEME
0 mm-M M
- I [I
Percent chord - Percent chord
(c)a,:1640; 8=27.0°. (d) a1 l9.I°; 8 =29.9°..
3.2 3.2---
' I I
2.4
S 1.6
.8
0
02040680I00•. 0 20 40 60 80100
(e)a1=25.I°; 0=35.7°. r() a,=33.I°; 9:4280

characteristics for the cascade combinaion, 01 = 30 0 a = 1.50,

NACA RN L51G31 57
co W —
o o 0 0 0 Q 0
11111111 It IIII I
o 0 0 0 0 0 0 / 0 0
C - - '0 EJ I0 - - w
U
0
4-
0
CD
00
b.
C
ej
ii'
V
-
00
U
U.-
------
U,
—
0'
—.-
-
2 F- w
I LI
,I 1k k I S?
co
NACA RM L51G31
2.4

1.6 1.6

S S
.8
o 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 Ic
(o)a,=12.0°; 9:2480 (b) a 1 =17.0°; 8=30.5°.
o Convex surface
o Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0
0
(c) a, = 19.00. 8=32.4°. (d)a,=2I.0°; 8=34:7°.
3.2
2.4 21
• S. 1.6 S I.E
.8 .8
0
0 20 40 OD 80 tOO
Percent chord - - Percent chord
(e) a1= 27. Ô°; 8 40.6° r - T (f) a = 33.0°; 9= 46.0°.
Figure 1 9.- Blade-surface pressure distributions and blade section

characteristics for the cascade combination, 01 300, ci = 1.50,
blade section, NACA 65-(1)10.
NACA RM L51G31
48 1.0 80-1 .07

o 8
2l
G Cd
44 I— .9 70—I .06
A C1
- k - ---
40 F— . 8
-_•7__ -- /0,7
60 —I .05
/
-
36 .7 50-1.04
IC WI
---
L
0)deg
32 1- .6
-4 I Cd,
40-H .03
28 I— .5
- \?< 30— .02
--- -
24 .4 20— .01
20L_.3 E -
12 16 10 - 24 -
28 32 - tO— 0
- a, deg
(9) Section characteristics*, arrow shows design angle of attack;


NACA RM L51G31

1.6 I,

S S
.8 .8

'020406080100,
rercen cnora
!016' 0
Percent chord
(a) a,=12:o'; 0 = 28.1°. (b)a,:1800; 0=34.71
o Convex surface
o Concave surface -
1.6 1.6
S .8 S . .8
0
- -- cnora D D
rercenr Percent chord
(C) a1 =20.0°; 0 a 36.6°. (d)a,22.00;
3.2
2.4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 (•1
0 20408D 80100 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a=25;O°; 941.6°. 'TM• (f) a1 : 31.00 ; 8=47.3°.
Figure" 20.- Blade-surface .pressre distributions and blade section

characteristics for the cascade combinatiJ, = 30 0 , = 1.50,
NkCA RN L51G31 61
48 1.0 - _________ - - - 60 .06

0 9 /0'
- -- ---- -
o C,
_7-50—.05
• 441911t1 I . •
/
40 .8 —4 40 .04
cw
______ a '
36.7_ Z -------111130103
32 —.6 - - —20— .02

7 /
i77 .
281.5z1i
1111,01•0I
24 - - 28. 32 0 0
a1 , deg
(g) Section characteristics;

teristics ; arrow shows design angle of attack;
flagged symbol
nbol indicates leading- edge roughness.

62 NACA IUt L51G31
2A

1.6 1.6

S
sMEN
S
.8
•---I
Percent chord •Frcent chord
8110.50. (b) 1 3.80 , 91134°
o Convex surface
t Concave surface - - - - -
S
1.6 m
.8
ma-i1M1101
mi-lm
q
m
S .8
1.6 bne
E
0 OK I I I I I
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord Percent chord.
(C) a,5.8°; 8=5.00 (d) a,77°; 8=6.2°
I --- 3.2--
I
Z4 2
.8 = =-i - . 8 -a--
0.i—I—i
0 20 40 83 80 100
Rercent chord . . .
0 1111
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord
(e) a, = 114 0 ; 8=8.6 0. L (f) a,15.6 0 ; 8=10.3°.
Figure 21.- Blade-surface pressure

di s t ributAon g and blade section
characteristics for the cascade combinatn, Ol = = 0.50,
and blade section, NACA 65-J41o.

NACA RN L51G31 63
16
p .8
o 8
I I 80 .07
o C11
G Cd1
12 F— .7
CwI
L
D
8 I— . 6 60 -H .05
50 -H .04
ICw
deg
0)
li L
C dl
0k— . 4 .03

4 f---..3 30 - .02

- 8F--- .2 0 —1 .01
12L__ I 10 I0
0 4 8 12 16
a ,, deg
(9) Section characteristics ; arrow shows design angle of attack;
flagged symbol indicates leading ,- edge roughness
Figure 21.- Coided.

6.
NACA EM L51G31
2
2.'
1.6
1.6
S
S
0 20 40 60 80
Percent chd
o Convex surface I-rcejj chord
(0) a, 1.5°; 0-5.6!
Concave surface (b) a,-5.4 0 , 8 -8.V
I.E
LE
S .8
S .8
0
0
t-'ercent chord
Percent chord
(C) a,'7.3°; 99.7°
(d) a,9.3 0 ; 9I14°.
a'
2
S 1.6 S 1.6
0 20 40 60 80 100 44
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord
(e) a,' 13.3 0 ; 9 '14.3° Percent chord
a,' 17.4°; 9' 162°
Figure 22.- B1a de_5face p
ressure
cha racteristics for the cascade dist ributions and b1ae section
combination
and blade section, NACA 65-(12)10. i = = 0.50,
NACA RM L51G31 65
3 r 1.2 90— .08
0. C11 1
Ar
32 I— 1.1
80— .07
-: :::-
-
28 — 1.0
h 70— .06
iii
24 .9 60 __J .05
IC.
de[_- cz L
D1
I
I c
20—.8 50 _4 .o'
V
J
16 .7 ;o __I 03
ki
I2—.6 50 __ .02
8F—.5
4 L_ 0 10
D 4 T8 12 16 90
a /. deg
(g) Section characteristics; arrow shows design angle of attack.

66 NACA RM L51G31
I

1.6 1.6

S S
.8 .8
OC
0
(Q) a, 4.8°; 8-10.4°. 0 Convex surface
Concave surface (b) a,08.7*', 9-14.3°
1.6

S .8 8 I—
0
)
(C) a,I2.7 0; 9I7I°. (d) a1 = 14.6 0 ; 8-18.5°
3.2

P-4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
' .8 .8
0 C)
0 20 40 63 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a,19.7 0 ; 9-21.3 )a,B2I.70 9BI84o
Figure-23.- Blade-surface pressure distributions and blade section

characteristics for the cacadecombinat.on, Ol = 0.50,
NACA RM L15 G31 67
36 I I- 9 ) —i .08
0 8 /Z25
32 1 .— l.
- a
-
_G
A
C11
CdI
- -1--
ir
--
— 1 .07
28F-- 1.3
)_1.06
24
8de4__
H
12
cii
I
Yin - 61 ) —1 .05
L
Icwi
C -Ha
Ic d1
20 1.1 i
—1 .04
16 l— 1.0
2 1— .9 - .02
8 I— .8
4.7 -
8 12 16 20 24
a1, deg
(g) Section . characteristics; arrow shows design angle of attack;
Figure 2
3-- Concluded.

68 NACA RM L51G31
1.6
S
.8
MMMMMI
0 Convex surface
(0) a,=O.O o. 6=1.0 ci Concave surface(b) a,4.20
Lb 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 20 40 60 80 tOO 0 20 40 60 80 tOO
(C) a, = 6.30 , 8=5.9° (d) a,10.0 0 6=9.3°.
a4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8
0
O 20400 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
() a,140 0 , 0=12 . 6 0. . (f) a,20.0 0 ; 6=15.810
characteristics for the cascade combination, 0 1 450 , a = 0.75,

NACA RM L51G31 69
28 50 – 1 .07
ole
o Ci,
Cd I /
24 I— .6 ;o —1 .06
20 1— .5 50 —1 .05
to —104
9, deg - C11 L
_ c d1
12 - .3 0 H•°
8—.2 0

4 I— .1 [I.— fIJ
F . I.
0 L_ 0 I_ 20 0
0 4 8 12 16 20
a ,, deg

70 NACA RM L51G3i.

• 1',
c 4

1.6 6

S S

.8 B IF-I
20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100
Convex surface
(0) a,= 34°;
8=a5° Concave surface (b) a, 75°; 9 12.5°
Tc -^ >-^ I - -I
o -____ 0 —
0 20 40 60 80 K 0 0 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a,9.4°; 8 14.4°
(d) a,II.5 0 ; 816.1°
3 2 . 3.2---
-
2.4 24__:__
S 1.6 S 1.6 - - - -
.8
-0— -P -
0
020406380100 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord Percent. chord
(e) a,-15.40 ; 0- 19' .6't . (f) a,- 195*,' 9=22.7?
Figure 25.- Blade-surface pressure distribution s and blade section

characteristics for the cascade comb1nati, Ol = 5 0 ' = 0.75,
and blade section, NACA 65-(12)10
NACA RN L51G31 71
32 r- 1.1 I I
80 —1 .08
I I
- A
28 h— 1.0
24 F— .9
-
C',
( -p---- 60 —I .06
20 .8
/- - - - - 50 —1 .05
ICwi
0, deg[- D
Cdl
16 I-- . 40 —I .04
30 - .03
2 I— .6
8 F— .5 Z7 20 - .02
4 I— .4 - .01
iIIIIIiIII
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
—JO
a1 , deg

72 N.ACA RN L51G31
.1.e

24 2.4

1.6 1.6

S S
.8 .8

0 0
Percent chord .rcerfl chord -
(0) a 1 = 7.0°; 8=I4.5° surf ace
e ib) a,.1 1.00; 8=20.3°

1.6 1.6

S .8

S .8
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord
TTL 0
Percent chord
- JO

(C) a, = 14.00 ; 823.3° (d) a,16.0 0 , 825.0°.

3.2 3.2--
--w

a4 24 - - - -
-----
S 1.6 S 1.6--—_--_-
.8 .8— --
-e-
0
0 20 40 8D 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a,21.00 ; 8=28.60. jf• ) 6 1 = 24.0 0 ; 9=29.2°

characteristics for the cascade combination, Ol = 45°, a = 0.75,
and blade section, NASA 67-(18) LO.

NACA F.M L51G31 73
32 1.2 70 .06
2$ 1.1 60 —I .05
24 1.0 50 —I .04
L I
8, deg— CZj D_lCa
d1
20 .9 40 —I .03
16 F— .8 30 ---1-02
2 H 0-H.0l
8L_ .61 I I I I
4 8 12 16 20 24
a ,, deg

Figure 26.- Concluded.'

74 N.ACA RM L51G31
1/ I . I I I I
1.6
S
.8
o 20 40 60 80 100 "0 20 40 60 80 100

(a) a 1 3.00; 8 = - 5.0 0. (b) a 1 3.00; 8 = 1.3°.
o Convex surface
r Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0
Iercent chord Percent chord
(C) a6.O°, 8 : 3.80. (d)a,9.00,O:620
3.2 3.2-- I
I
S
-- . S
P-4 24.
S 1.6 S 1.6 ----
.8
0
0 20 40 80 80 100
r)
0
L 20 40 60 80 100
ce a =12.0°; 8 9.40. ç (f)a= 15.0 0 ; 8:117°

characteristics for the cascade combination, Ol = 5 0 .' 1.00,
and blade section, NACA 65-010. 5

WTV
NACA RM L 51G31 - 75
-- -
.3 j
24 .4 D .08
• 20° .3 D .07
$6 .2 D .06
• .1 .05
12 D
C
Ci a
8, deg— C
d1
80 D .04
4 -I D .03
0 0 .02
-4 0 .01
-8 0 0
a,, deg
9 . 9
.
9
(g) Section characteristics, arrow shows design angle of attack.
Figure 27.- Concluded. 9 9

76 NACA RM L51G31

' .-t 2.4

4
1.6 1.6

S S
.8 .8
mm--
'ercent chord Percent chord

(a)a,:I.O°, 8=3.30 (b)aj=5.O°; 6=7.30.
o Convex surface
o Concave surface
I .Q 1.6
S .8 - S .8
0
(C) a1 7.0°; 8 = 8.6° (d) a, =11.0 0 ; 8= I2.I°
3.2
a4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0
o 20 40 83 80 tOO .0 20 40 60 80 100
(e)ajI4.0°,8=I4.5° (f) a 195°; 6=17.30.
c

characteristics for the cascade combintion, 01 = 45 0 , a = 1.00,
NACA RN L5 G31 1 77

20 .6 • 0—i .05
- 0 9 -
nczI
16 F— .5 — G Cd1—___----—_-.__---7------,4 4 0-1 .04
:. CW
-_
777\
12 .4 3 0— .03
c.wI
9, deg—Czi
_ ,PØX( -Ha
Ic dl
8-3 0— .02
4I — .2 0—I.oi
. .. 0_J0
0 4 8 12 16 20
a ,, deg

78
-r NACA RM L51G31
"a...' I..-.'
NoIIII
S S
I 2 sq
A
V .. 0
Em
MEN a iIRiI
.80
al' m
t-'ercenT ctlord Percent chord
(a) ap5.7°; 8 107o (b)a17.7°; 0=12.70.;
o Convex surface
D Concave surface
LE
S .8
0
D 10
Percent cnora Percent chord
(C) a1 =9. 70; 9:f4•40 d)a1=I3.7°; 8=18.0°.
3.2----------- 3.2' i'

I
H-----
2.4 - - - - - 24 - - - -
S 1.6 ---- S 1.6------------
OH
020408J80100
i I 1
0
020406080100
(ea,=I8.7°; 0=20.9°. CL (f) a1 =22.7 0 ; 8=21.3°.
Figure 2 9.- Blade-surface pressure distributions and blade section

characteristics for the cascade combination, 450,= a = 1.00,
NACA RM L51G31 79
o.08
80
-----
- 0 Cl, — -
•0
-
C1 -
G
28 1— .9 70.07
Aowl
-
24 F— .8 60 .06
20 I— .7 50 .05
16 .6 X^ 0 0 0 ,.;0 0 l^ 40 . -1 .004
I- IC I
L I
.6, deg__ C11 a
--/7--\
30 -1 .03
I Cd,
l2I-.5
8—.4 20H .02
4 —.3 10 01
ri-9 8 12 16 20 24
0 0
deg 0
C
80 S
NACA RN L51G31

1.6 LE

S S
.8 .8
0 0
JO
Percent chord • Percent chord
(a) a,:_0.9 0 ; 9=4.10. (b) a,=5.I0;
o Convex surface
Concave surface
1.6 - - - - 1.6
S .8 —p
S .8
o—
_--__ 0
u u 'iu bU 80 DO 0 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a,=12.I 0 ; 9 : 196° (d) a, : 16J 0 ; 8=2330
- 3.99
3.2-- IS
S I SL6 ---
PS
0 20, 40 SD 80 tOO 'o 20 40 60 80 100

Fitenf chord Percent chord
(e) a, : 211 0 ; 8=2630
IM MWIF (f) a, = 25.I1 9:2590

t
characteristics for the cascade combination, 13i = 1..5o , a =1.00,
and blade section, NACA 65412) LO.

NACA RN L1G31 81
o o 0 q0oo - a o
I I I_ I I I I I I I I I I I I
o o 0 0 _jIo 0 0
qt in N 2
N
U
0
N
•1-
0
o
N 0
01
0)
•
(0
In
H
CY 0
- 0
-.- L.
o
-
In
CD
0
c3•o'j_4o
aOl 4
I
F- (0 10 - 0'
I I I I I I I I I I I
(0 0 (0 N (0 1 0
N N N - -

82 NACA RN L51G31
24

1.6 1.6

S S
LE 1 I .8
IM
WI
IMME 01w,
^ 0 .
rel Wre
Ii,
) 20 40 60 g o i
(a ) a, = 7.0°; 8=16.6° (b) a,=I1.0 0 ; 8=20.9°
0 Convex surface
J Concave surface
1. --
CV.V, -e - 1.6 - --
L_
S .8__ ___ S .8---
---- - -- -
0 0 -20- 40-60-80 -
K 0
0 - - - -
0 20 40 60 80 100
• Percent chord Percent chord
(C) a, = 15.0°, 9 = 25.1°. (d) a,=17.0 0; 926.6
Z4 24
S 1.6 S LE
.8 .8
0 0
0 20 40 6D 80 100 - - -
(e) a,21.0 0; 9=30.0° T ,(f) a,=27.0 0; 8=32.40.

characteristics for the cascade combinat1n, = 5
0 = 1.00,
- 11

NACA RN L1G31 83
36 F— I :—MENOMONEE
.
70--i.06
lU
H. CWI
MMUMMUNR M .05
I MEM
MERNME
28b•
MEMENEEMEMEM 50—I .04
8, deg - C MEMMENHEMEME
24—.
EMEMEMEMEMEN CdI
40—I .03
20 I-
MMRMEMMMMM IMUM .02
•EffiffiMEMMEMMME
16
ONEMMUMEMMMM 20 —I I
MMEMIMEMMMMMM
12
4 8 12
I 16 20 24 28
lO— 0
a1 , deg

814. NACA RM L51G31
1.6 1.6 -
S s .-
.8
-----I
I-'ercent chord Percent chord
(a) a,=9.0 0, 0=17.9° (b) a,=13.0 0 , 8=24.3°.
o Convex surface
Concave surface
1.6 • 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 0' 1 I I I
0 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a,17.0 0; 8=28.5° (d) a1 z 19.0°; 0=30.4°.
3.2 3.2
ACA
2.4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a,=23.0°; 0=33.2° 1. f) a1 =26.00 0=33.8°

characteristics for the cascade comb±Mion, l = 45°, a = 1.00,

NACA RM L51G31 85
40 12 70 •—i .07
D
0 Odl
36 - I.; 60 —1 .06
A Cw1
32 I— 1.0
11 50 ---j.05
28
Odeg
H •_
.9
1
b I 40 —104
D If'
I C w,
I 'di
30 —I .03
24 - .8
20 I— .7 A\I/A/Y 20 --j.02
-------
I6— .6 [I. — LI
12 1.. 47811; 16 20 24 21
0 JO
a / , deg

WA
NACA RM L51G31
-------
2.4
-o
1.6 1.6
S
.8 .8
C)
0 20 40 60 80 tOO 00 20 40 60 80
(a) a, = 15.O°; 8=28.2° (b) a 1 =18.0°; 9=31.5°
0 Convex surface
° Concave surface
1.6
S .8 S
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 ' 0 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a1 = 19.5 0; 8= 33.0 (d) a1 210°; 834.30
3.2 - - - 3.2 -
I I
2-4 - - - 24 - - -
ri
S 1.6 ----- -- S 1.6— - --

------
PIN '-T-U-i I-EK

0 __________ 0------
0 20 40 &) 80 tOO 0 20 40 60 80 tOO
(e) a,=24.0°; 8=370°. - - (f) a,3Q0°; 840.5

characteristics for the cascade combination, 01 = 450 = 1.00, .9

and blade section, NACA 65-(2l)10.-t.

NACA RM L51G3 1 87
90
48 1.3 30 .08
44 1.2 70 .07
40 1.1 0 .06
36 1.0 0 .05
cw
8, deg C11 L a'

CdI
32 .9 0 .04
28 .8 10 o
24 .7 0 .02
20 .6 0 .01
ma
16 .5 0 ...o
12 16 20 24 28 32 36
a, deg
(9) Section characteristics; arrow shows design angle of attack.

88 NACA RN L51G31
2.4

1.6 1.6

S S
.8 .8
0 20 40 60 80 tOO 00 20 40 60 80 100
(a) a1 = 16.0°; 8 = 30.4° (b) a, : 20.00; 9:355°
o Convex surface
a Concave surface
•i

S S ,8 I-
0 20 40 60 80 100
01TT
0 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a, = 24.0 0 ; 9:39.50• (d) a, = 200; 9=40.91
3.
2 24
S I. S 1.6
.8
0
O 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a1= 30.00; 8=42.4°. _____- (f) a,=34.00; 8=43.20:
Figure 34. - Blade-surface pressure distributions and blade section

characteristics for the cascade combinon, f l = 4 50 , a = 1.00,

NACA R1'1 L51G31 89
48 — 3.3
80—i .07
I
I
0 8,
C
44 - I.? -- G Gd1 70 .06

.Gw1
40 . 1.1 60 05
36 - 3.0 50— .04

I
Cw
L
9 1 deg
— C11
D
d1
32—.9 40—.03

281— .8 30 .02

24 - .7 20 .03
20 L_ .6 31 10 10
32
a1 , deg


- - - -,

NACA RN L51G31
- -- _
Z.Aq

1.6 1,6

S S
.8
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100
(a) a, = r?5°; 9 : 31.6 0 (b) a1 = 21.0 0 ; 9=3I0.
0 Convex surface
m (nnnuø
. enrftia.
•i U 1O
-
1.6
•.

S .8 S
0
o 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a, : 25.0°; 94I.4° (d) a, = 20 0 ; 9:4340
3.2 3.2
Z4 24
S I. S LE
______ -----
. _
0204080100 020406080100
(e) a, 29.0-; 9=443o• f) a/ = _33.0o ; 9 = 4550

characteristics for the cascade combinatio, Di = 45 0 , = 1.00
NACA EM L51G31 91
60 '.3 • 9___________________
90--.08
56 4
:. R 80—.07
---ILl
CW1.
_ A
•1
52 1.3 11 70 1.06
EMEMEMEMME
_
48 1.2 lit 60—1 .05
8, deg— Cl1 E MEMEMEM M E LI'

ICw
44 II EMEMENNORE C1
50—.04
MOM OM ME MME
40 1.0 EMEENUMMOM O —1 .03
_MUEMMEEM _
M M
36 .9 30—I .02
EMMEMEEMEM
32 .8 MOMMEMEMEM 20—.01
_ .11
28
-- .7 MIME MEME
16 20 24 28 32
10—n
36'
a1 , deg

flagged symbol indicates leading-edge , roughness.
-1

92 NACA RM L51G31
24

1.6 1.6

S S
.8 .8
o 20 40 60 80 100 "O 20 40 60 80 100

(a) a,=I.0°; 930e (b) a 1 = '7.0°; 8=8.4°.
o Convex surf ace.
a Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0
0. 20 40 60 80 100 0 2P 40 60 80 100
(c) a,, = 9.0° ; 6= 10.5°. (d) a, = 13.0°; 6 = 14.5°.
3.2
a4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0
0 20 40 &) 80 100 • 0 20 40 60 80 tOO
(e) a, = 17.0°;817.5°. (f)a,=22.0°;620.7°.
c
characteristics for the cascade combination, 45°, a L25,
and blade section, NACJ 65-410.

93
28 r- 70--1 .07
o 8
o C11
__..._G C1
24 __.6 60 .06
A Cw1
20 L—.5 50 .05
;p7 -
6 40 .04
I- • IcwI
deg Cj k—la
D
2 1- . I ---- -Z 6L - Cdl
30— .03
114
8 I.— .2 , ao —H .02

- - .1 ii.II
o —J o
0 4 8 ,12 16 20 24
(z ,, deg


9k.. NACA RN L51G31

1.6 6

S S
.8
n
0 20 40 60 80 tOO
(a) a 1 = 7. 1 0 ; 8=5 . 0. (b) a = 12.6°; 8=20.9°.
o Convex surface
El Concave surface
1.6 LE
S .8 S .8
0 C)
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 tOO
(C) a 1 = 15.10; 8=23.4°. (d) a 1 18.1 ° ; 8 26.10.
3.84
3.2
CA
2.4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
----
.8
0 - p
0 (P
0 20 40 & 80 tOO 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e)a, 24 . 1 0 ;9= 31.40. (f) a, = 30.10;8=32.10.

characteristics for the cascade combination, Ol = 45 0 , = 1.25,

NACA RN L51G31 -
95
36 80• —r .08
32 i•
Cd u•uiu: 70 .07
1_ m 60 .06
28
MEMOMMEMEMEMEM
MEMEMEMEMENEWEII/M 50— .05
0 deg-
MEMEMEMEMEMEME k—la
D
20L-
MEMOMMEMEEMEME 40_j .04
MEEMEMEMEMEMME 0
16 MEMEMEMEMEEM MM 30 .03
2 •
MOMMEMEMEMEMEN 20 .02
EMEMMOMEMEMEME
8 MEMEMEMMUMENEW 10 .01
4 0 0
a, deg
(g) Section characteristics, arrow shows design angle of attack;

flagged syynbol indicates leading-edge roughness.

96 NACA RM L51G31

24 2.4

1.6 1.6

S S
.8 .8
0-n nn Aflaaa . 0
U Zu 'v 60 ENO w 0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord .rcent chord
(o)a, = Il.0 0 ;8=235 0 (b)a,=16.O°;9:287
0 Convex surface
El Concave surface
Lb

g S• .8 S .8

0 0
o 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a 1 = 18.0°;9=30.7°.
(d)a,=200° ;8=33.10.
- - -
- 32
2.4------- 24 -
S 1.6—------- S 1.6-
----
.8---- .8-----
0 - - - I 0 i- - - - -
020406380100 020406080 100
(f) a, 35.0°;9=425°. C (e) a L = 26.0°,9 : 38 . 0 0 . -
Figure 38.- Blade-surface pressure distributjons
and blade section
j = 450 , a = 1.25,

NACA RM L1G31
Ji*- 97
52 - 12 .09
0 8
a C21
A
48 I— Ii --G Gd 1 .08
.6
---
--
44 I— 1.0 .07
- 7 -
40 1— .9 - 7_ - .06
/
o
.8 50—I .05
C
.1
- L
O) deg — c11
32 .7 - 40__1 .04
28 1— .6 30--I.03
24 I— . 5
-1- -
-- : —
- ---- Z --
20_1 .02
20 .4 10 .01
16 3 0 0
8 12 16 20 24 . 28 32 36
a,, deg
(9) Section characteristics . ; arrow shows design angle of attack

Co_ -.

98 1rAL NACA RN L51G31
• 2.4

1.6 1.6

S. S
.8 .8
0 20 40 60 80 100 "0 20 40 60 80 100

(a ) a 1 0.0°; 9=_I5 0 . (b) a 1.: 2 .0 0 ; 9 0.5°.
o Convex surface
O Concave curfnra
Lb

S .8 S
D L Nu1111
.10
(c) a 1 = 5.0°; 8 3.8 0. (d) a 1 8.0°; 9:660
3.2 --
32

2.4 24--

S 1.6 S 1.6
.8
0
0 2040 60 80 100 0. 20 40 . 60 80 100
(e) a,=lI.0° 1 0=9.4 0 . 0 ](f).a,=I7O0; 9=14.7°.
characteristics for the cascade combjhation, l = 45 0 , a = 1.50,

NACA RN L51G31 99

2 —.4 50 —, .06
0 9_
0 Cl,
16 I— .3 o Gd 1 - 40 .05
A Cw,_
0
12 .2 30 .04
cw
U,degHCz a'
8—.l 20. .03
4 0 .02
0 -I 0 .01
- 4 -. - i 0
a / , deg
(g) Section characteristics ; arrow shows design angle of attack,

100 T&L NACA EM L51G31
1.6 LE
S S
.8
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 "0 20 40 60 80 100
( a) a,=-3.0 8= -2.O ( b) a 1 = 3.O°; 85.54
o.
0 Convex surface
I I I I ° Concave surface
Lb
S .8 S .8
0 0
D 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(c) a, = 8.0 0 , 9= 10.4° (d) a,=lO.O°,
24
I.6---- S 1.6
L/ CL/ '+U W i(.) IL).' 0 20 40 60 80 100

(e) a 1 = 16.0 6 , 8=17.9°. a1 = 22.0 0 , 9=22.1°

characteristics for the cascade combijtion, 01 = 45
0 , a 1.50,
and blade section, NACA 65-4io.
NACA RM L51G31 101
24 - - .07
0 9
o C11
20--.4-- G Cd1--- 0 .— .06

.A
--- 7/
l6 - -0 - .05
-
IZ '0 —1 .04
12 -
ICW
L I
- a
8, deg Dc
8---I - - -2 0 —1 .03
4- 0
7 -- --- - - 0 - .02
tzz
0- 0 - .01
-4 - 2 -1 I 0_
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
a1 , deg
CON .

102 NACA RM L51G31

1.6 1.6

S S
.8 .8
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 00 .20 40 60 80 100
(a) a1 = - 0.40 , 9=5.2° ' (b) a 1 5.7°, 8:11.7°
o Convex Surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0. 1 0 I I I
I
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a1 =9.7°, 9:15.70 (d) a, : 1I.7 0, 8:17.8°.
NACA
2.4 24.--
S 1.6 S 1.6:
.8
0 20 40 60 80 100
I.
0 20 406080 tOO
(e) a 1 =16.7 0, 8=22.5 o -(f) ag: 25.7°, 9=28.6
C1
Figure 41. - Blade-surface pressure
distributions and blade section
and blade section, NACA 65-810. i = 45, 1.50,

NACA RM L51G31 .. 103
III lIIII•IIIl1
N —
0 0 0 dS JO 00 Q 0
C- - ° ° 0 O 0 0
p
C,
a
.-
--
-- -7 coi —
00
0
00
0 '-4
•0
C.)
CP
co C
o
00
0 1)
00
U
•H
OD LE
---T----
------7------
•
4-
0
0 -
0 >
U)
0
-C
- --.--- - - CP
.4- —
o'
—
co ç c j 43- -- __- ___ s 0
U)
(0
—o o
____ ----
F- (0 It) 1 N CY
(0
7.
col
iOi.
NACA RN L51G31
2A
1.6 1.6
S S
.8 .8
()
0 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100
(a) a, = 5.I 0 , 8=13.9° (b) a,=12J°; 8:2140
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent -chord Percent chord
(C) a,=16.I0 8=25.50 (d) a,=18J 0 ; 9=2730
OX
a4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0
0 20 40 83 80 100 020 40 60 80 100
Fttent chord Percent chord
(e) a, : 22J 0 ; 8 : 30.6? (1) a,276*; 9=35.0o
Figure 42.- Blade-surface pressure d istributions

and blade section
c haracteristics for the cascade combinatio,
= 450 , a = 1.50,
and blade section, NPkCA 65-(12)10.
NACA BN L51G31 105
w
o 0 0 qu coo Q0
111111
o 0 0
10
II

-ilo 2
Ill
a
_ I 0
4-
0
7IIIII
.4-
CIQ
ou,U,
0
00
U)
.00
0) )
(#c d
. 0 0
Q(flQ)
- 0
-4 0
_oU) I
P4 4- (J
a
• co cjQ Q JO----- -----a
-o oGI 4--------'----
IIIIIIIIIIIII
Cd 0 (0 Cd
10 10 Cd N N - -
Co

106 NACA RN L51G31
24 2.4
1.6 1.6
S S
8 .8
n JQ
o 20 40 60 80 ioo 20 40 60 80 100
(a) a,: 10.0°; 8=21.9° (b) a,=I6.0°; 8=28.2°.
0 Convex surface
Concave surface

1.6 1.6

S .8 S .8
0 ri 01 I I I I I
0 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a, = 18.00 1 8:30.5°. (d) a,=20.0; 8:32.6°.

2.4 2
S 1.6 S I.E
.8
0 (1
0 20406D 80 tOO -- -
(e) a, = 26.0°, 8 :37 5 0 1 (f) a, = 32.0 0 ', 9:4090
Figure 43.- Blade-surface pressure disztbutions and blade section

characteristics for the cascade combnation,
o'
= 5 = 1.50, i

NACA RM L51G31 107
44 1.0 .07
40 .06
.9
36 .8 .05
32 .7 .04
C
deg CR a
Cd1
28 .6 .03
24 .5 .02
20 .. .01
0
8 12 16 20 24 28 32
a, deg

Figure 43._ Concluded.

108 iAL NACA RM L51G31
2.4
1.6 1.6
S S
.8 .8
11 I
.—-wj o- ) 20 40 60 80 IC
(a) a, = 14.0 0 ; 8=28.7 6 (b) a=I9.0°; 8=33.80.
o Convex surface
O Coneava QIjrfn^_
1.6 1.6
£ S .8 S .8
(.)I I I I I I 01 1 1 I 1 I
0 20 40 60. 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(c a, = 21.0°; 8=357 (d) a, = 24.0 0 8=38.41.
3.2 32
a4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 C-)
0 204O80 too O 20 40 60 80 100
Frcent chord _______ Percent chord
(e) a, = 30.00; 8=43.60. ______ (f) a1 = 36.0°; 0= 47.8°

characteristics for the cascade combination ., 13 1 = 45 0 , Cl = 1.50,
NACA RM L 51G3 1 . ________________ 109
48 1.0 70- .07
C21
44 I— .9 _L* 0d1
cWI
-
--
-
/ 60— .06
/
40 .8 50— .05
I—
-1-- --- 7 - -
36
/
-----
__j _ -.----
----
40— .04
H• C WI
deg — Cl1
D
Cd,
32L- .6 30— .03
28 1— .5 ao— .02
24 I— • - 10— .01
20 1 .
a- - -ia---- a, deg
)
0— 0
(9) Section characteristics; arrow shows design angle of attack,

flagged symbol indicates leading-edge roughness; solid
symbol indicates high Reynolds number.
-.-
110 NACA RN L51G31
24-
I /
1.6
S.
.8 .8
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chard' Percent chord
(a) a = I4.0 0 (b) a,:20.OD; 936.8°.
; 82a1°
o Convex surface
Concave Surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 0
D 0
rercenT chord Percent chord
(C) a, : 240 0 ; 941.1 0 (d) a,=27.0° 8=4410.
3.2-------
I I
CA
- 24 -
S 1.6—--- S
----
.8---
o.L ---
0 20 40 6D . 80 100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Frcent chord . Percent chord
Is) a1 : 33.0 0 ; 8=48.70. . (f) a1=390 0 ; 9=5I.6o
Figure 45.- Blade-surface pressure di s t ributions

and blade section
Characteristics for the cascade combig jon, Ol = 450,
NACA RM L51G31 111
56 1.1 -- I I -.be
o 9
D C21
Cd,
52 F— 1.0 —1 .07
.A C1
---
---s
48 F— .9 -'--1 .06
-H- 7_ T61
---- - ---i
44 F— . 8
40 - .7
-
- --
\\
- ------
/
/
-
-
---51
--
—1
- 04
.05
C
9, deg —_ H a
CdI
36 I- .6 —1 .03
32 }- .5 —1 .02
28 , l A —I ri
24J—.3
12
__L____
16 20 24..
a1 , deg
28 32
•A
36 40
(g) Section characteristics; arrow shows design angle_ of attack;

Figure 45.- Concluded. .

112 NACA RM L1G31
1.6

S S

.8 .8
0
(a) %= .16.0 0 i 9 = 31.59. (b) a,: 2 2.0°; 8=41.3°.
o Convex surface
rj rnwnwa mirfn.- a
1.6

S .8 S
(c)
MEMEN
Percent chord
a,: 270 0 , 9=46.9!
MEN.1 :.
PO 4•
ii
Percent chord
(d) v29.0 0; 9:48.7?
2.4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 0
o 20 40 8D 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) c,=35.0 0 ; 8=52.9°. (f) a,41.60 , 0:579?
CU
Figure 146. Blade-surface pressure distributions and blade section
characteristics for the cascade combination, Ol = 45 0 y a = 1.50,
and blade section, NPLCA 65-(24) LO.
NACA RM L51G31 . 113
68 100— .10
- 0 9 -- -
Cl,_ - -
64 - 90 - .09
G Cd1
-- Cwl-- -
60 - -- - - 80 - .08
56 -
. - 70 - .07
52 - 1.0 --- 60 - .06

cw
8, deg —C1 --
D ,.
d1
48 - .9 — 50 - .05
44-8 40 - .04
40 - .7 30 - .03
36 - .6 eo—.o2
Vh^
32 —.5 10 - JDI
28 - 2
-
16 - 2 67
L 26 32 36
__
NACA
40
- 0
a1 , deg

flagged symbol indicotes leading-edge roughness.

1114. C( NACA RN L51G31
2.4

1.6 1.6

S S
.8 .8
20 40 60 80 100
(a) a 1 0.2°; 9=0.4! (b) a1 2.I°; 9'19°
o Convex surface
--------
jUHUUVt surTuce
lb 1.6
S .8 S .8
0
--
(C) a1 4.0°, 92.9° (d) a1 6.0°; 8-4.3!
- 2.4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 n
0 20 40 80 80 100 o 20 40 60 80 100
Fttent chord Percent chord
(e) a,9.7°; 9=6.30 (f) a,I5.00 ; 88.2!
Figure 47._ Blade-surface pressure distributions and blade section

characteristics for the cascade combination, = 600 , a = 0.50,

NACARM L51G31 115
24 .8 80 - .08
- o 9 __
----_
C
20 .7 — 0 Gd1----- 70 - .07
. owl
16 1.— .6 60 - .06
.5 50 - .05
12 — 1 C
deg cit D
d1
8— .4 40 - .04
4, - .3
30 - .03
/
20 .02
-4 - .1 10 - .0!
-8 - A 0-0
4 8 12 16
- -
. a /, deg

flagged symbol indicates leading-edge roughness
• . 4.
Figure 47._ Concluded.

116 NACA RM L51G31
:44
2.4

- 1.6 1.6

S S
8 .8
C')
"0 20 40 60 80 100 "0 20 40 60 80 100
(a) a, 1.40 ; 8 4.6. a Convex surface
0
Concave surface (b) a,=5.3 0 ; 8- 73?

1.6 1.6

S .8 S .8
• 0110 20 40 60 80 IC 0 ----I
(C) a,=73°; 9=8.3° (d) a,&0; 8 =9.5
3.2 .52
a4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 C")
O 20 40 80 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 tOO
(e) a,13.2 0 ; 9=12.0° (f) a,171 0 ; 8=12.4°

characteristics for the cascade combination, l = 60 0 , 0.50,
and blade section, NACA 65-(12)' LO.
NACA EM L51G31 117
24 - 12
II
80 -1 .07
0 8
13 CII
20 - II - Cd, - - 70 -H .06
A. cwI
16 - 1.0 60 —I .05
tz
50 —I .04
.9
—7
8, deg— Cli
I d
40 H .03 -
30 —1 .02
0—.6 20 .0I
- /____ 10 ''] 0
0 4 8 12 16 20
a ,, deg
(g) -Section characterTsiTs; arrow ihois design angle of attack,

118 ItIACA RM L1G31
1.6 1.6
S S
- .8
5ô406080,00 00040080100
(a) a,4.20 ; 9=82° (b) a1 8O°, 9=11.7?
o Convex surface
o Concave surface
Lb 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 on i I I I I
) 20 40 60 80 00 0 20 . 40 60 80 100
(C) a1 = 9.7 0 ; 6=12.50
(d) a 1 = II.7 0 ; 9=14.00
3.2--
I I
a4 24-------
S 1.6 S I.6-----
------
.8
- -p -
0 r
0 20 40 60 80 100 "0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a1 13.7 0 ; 0=14.9° NOW (f) a116.50; 6=15.4?

characteristics for the cascade éonibination, 0= 60, a 0.50,
and blade section, NACA 65.-(18). LO.

NACA RM L51G31 119
for-
DD
24 .06
1.2

20 Ii 50 —1 .05
16 1.0 40 —1 .04
H
cw
deg cI
o)
Cd
30 —i .03
''I
8 .8 20 .02
.4 .7 10 .01
0 .6 0 0
4 8 12 16 20
,, deg
(g) Section characteristics ; arrow shows -design angle of attack;


120 NACA EM L51G31
.4
24 2.4
1.6 1.6
S S
.8 .8
C.'
0 20 40 60 80 tOO 20 40 60 80 100

(a) a,0.2?; 90.3° (b) a 1 3.30 ; 94.1°
r Cnnuv !.Irfnr
o Concave surface

1.6 1.6

S .8 S .8

) 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100

(c) a1 6.I 0 ; 84.8 (d) a1 9.30 ; 87.4?
a4 24
S 1.6 .S 1.6
.8 .8
0
0 20 40 OD 80 tOO o 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a,9.80 ; 8t2.4° (f) a118.101

characteristics for the cascade combiriion, i = 60°, a = 0.75,
and blade section, NACA 65_1410.

NACA RM L51G31 121
70-1 .07
k.1 60 .06
1.2 .5 56 .05
8 .4 40 —1 .04
C
deg Cl'
&
Cdi
30 .03
0 .2 20 .02
-4 .1 10 .01
-8L_ 0 0 0
0 4 8 12 16 20
a,, deg.
(g) Section characteristics ; arrow shows design angle of attack,;

-
122 NACA BN L51G31
loop
.24 2.4
1.6 1.6
S. S
.8
020406080100
Percent chord
(0) a,3.20 ; 8- 780. o Convex surface (b) Percent chord
o concave surface a, = 6.20 ; 9=10.8'
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 I I I I I 0 I I I I I I
0 20 40 60 80.100 0 20 40 60 80 tOO
(C) a, = 9.2 0 ; 0 = (d) 9=4•5
3.2
a4 24.
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0
.0 20 40 80 80 tOO 0 20 40 60 80 toO
(e) a, = 13.2°;, 0 -16.21 (f) a, =18.20; 9=19.5°.

characteristics for the cascade combin4Lon, 600, 0.75,
and blade section, NACA 65-(12)lo..

NACA RM L51G31 123
1.0 70 .06
20 .9 60 .05
16 .8 50 .04
C
C11 L
8, deg— &
Cd,
12 .7 40 .03
8 .6 30 .02
4 .5 20 .01
0 4 10 0
0 4 8 12 16 20
(g) Section charãbteristics arrow shows design angle of attack;

- flagged symbol indicates leading-edge roughness.
Figure 51.—Concluded.

121# NACA RM L51G31
24 2A
I 6. LE
S S
.8 .8
1 !I
:.s
Percent chord.
(a) 1=9.20; 9=I5.8
I
0
20 40 60 80 100
rcent chord
(b) , I2.06 , 8=18.30
0 Convex surface
D Concave surface
Lb

S .8 S
ii
O 20 40 60 80 K30 0 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a,-15.10 ', 8-20.7! (d) ,1700,82.7.
3.2
a4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0
- 0
0 204080 100 80 100
Percent chord Percent chi )rd
(e) a,19.0° 8=22.7 (f) a,22.0°; 8=22.7°

characteristics for the cascade combination, 01 = 600, a = 0.75,

NACA RM L51 G31 I -

125
.06
32 i— II
0 8
a C11
C -L -o--
28 1.0
i C::I _1 60 —1 .05
50 -H .04
deg
20L—.8
H c1
Tfl
D
40 —I .03
81
16 - .7 30 - .02
12 - . 6 20— .01
A—c In - 0
8 - 12 16 20 24 - -
a, deg
(g) Section characteristics ; arrow shows design angle of attack.

126 NACA RN L51G31
24 2.
1.6 1.6
S S
.8 .8
MMM
MEME
IEW'40= V MENEM
terceni chord Percent chord
(a) a, = 0.00 -, 9 = 2.8 (b) a,: ao°, 8=_ 0.9°
o Convex surface
° Concave surface
Lb 1.6-
S .8
----5 01 - MMMI
(C) a,:40 0 ; 8:080 (d) a,=6.0°; 6:270°
- --
24
S 1.6 - - - S 1.6
.8
- - 0
o o 40 W 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a,=I0.0 0; 0=5.9° r() a,16.00; 8=11.1°.

characteristics for the cascade combination, i = 60, = 1.00,

NACA RM L51G31 127
24 r.5 08
0 6
20 —4
C11
o. Cd . - 1I -
H 40 .07
Cw
16 .3 —30 .06
.12 —.2 _1 . 1111 120 .05
8 —.1 .04
C
deg— C1, &
Cd1
4-0 .03
—1 .02

4 H-.2 9
-8 L I I V 10
0 8 12 16 20
a /, deg

128
NACA EM L1G31
24

1.6 1.6

S S
.8 .8
IMENEV
IES
(a) a1=1.00. 6:2.10 (b) a1=4.00-
o Convex surface
a Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 0
- -- -- JO
(C) a,: 6 . 0°; 0 = 6.4°. (d) a,=8.00 ; 8=7.90.
3.2
2.4 24
1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 C.,
0 20 40 03 80 100 '0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a, : I0.00; 8 : 100°. (f) a,: 15.0 0; 9:126°

characteristics for the cascade'conibiiation, = 600, 1.00,

NACA RM L51G31 kill
129
28 70 1 .07
o '.e
o C1
G Cd1
24 •—.7 60—j .06
A Cw1
20 —6 5O— .05
16 40-1 .04
CW
deä_Cz1
L H a
Cdj
30 .03
8 [--..3
vz^
4 I— .2
0 '— .1 I
I 0 0
- 1 0 4 8 12 16
a /, deg
Figure 54. Concluded.

130 NACA RM L51G31
1.6 1.6
S S -
.8 .8
b 20 40 60 80 100 '0 20 40 60 80 100

(a) a,=6.7 0, 8=10.2°. (b) a,8.7°; 8=11.5!
o Convex surface
° Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 9HIII
0 20 40 60 80 tOO
0' I I I I I
0 20 40 60 80 100
(c) a,=I0.7° 8=I3.3 (d) a,=12.7 0 , 8=14.6°

a4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 0
O 20 40 60 80 100 . 0 20 40 60 80 100.
(e) a, : 14.7 0; 616.1 0. (f) a,: 16.7°, 8=16.5°.

characteristics for the cascade combi'hation, 0 1 = 60,
NACA RM L51G31 1k 131
24 r—.a 60 .05
20 -.7 iL' 1I 50-H .04'
16—.6 Li 40— .03.

cw
O,deg--Cz 7P L_ '
- 12 --.5 30— .02
zzll'o
----2^1-
• --
8 I— .4 ac —I .0
4-3 110 1 0
4 8 12 16 20
a ,, deg
(g) Section characteristics ; arrow shows design angle of attack -

132
NACA RN L51G31
24
1.6 [:I
S S
:8
fiTft.L
U U '10 bU U IUU
1 Percent chord
(a) a = 4.20 ; 8= 9.0°.
U 20 40, 60 80 100
Percent chord
(b) a 8.2 0 ; 9 13.50.
o Convex surface
ci Concave surface
1.6 LE
S .8 S .8
0 0
D 0 20
(C) a = 12.0 0 ; 9 16.90 . (d) a= 14.20; 819.0°.
3.2 -
2.4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 n
0 20 40 83 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e)a,=17.7'°; 9=21.60 ItIryAL (f) a. =21.7 0 ; 8 = 22.5°.

characteristics for the cascade coination, 13j = 60 0 , 1.001
and blade section, NACA 65-(12) LO. -

NACA RN L51G31 133
32 1.0 70--1.06
0 9
- C11
C1
28 .9 -
60—.o5
-. A Cw1
24 .- .8 50 - .04
Cw

O,deg—, Cli L
Ek
Cd
20 L- . 40 - .03
16 F— .6 30 -1 .02
12 H- .5
.1
FT
8 L_- _
4 8 12 10 -J 0
16 20 24
deg -
(g) Section characteristics arrow shows design angle of attack;
flagged symbol indicates leading - edge roughness; solid
'Figure 56.- Concluded.

134 NACA RM L51G31
ZA

1.6 1,6

S S
.8 .8
r I
Percent chord I Percent chord
(a) a,=8.0 0 914•9 0 (b) a,=12.0°; 9=19.50.
o Convex surface
a Concave surface
1.6

S .8 S 21-
0' I .1
0 20 40
I
60 80 100
I U 0 20 40. 60 80 100
(C) a,=14. 00 0=21.5°. (d) a, : 15.5°, 8=22.7°..
32
2.4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 0
( 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a1 =16.5 0; 9=23.00. (f) a,=19.5 0 8:23.7°.

characteristics for the cascade combination, 0 1 =600 1 Cr = 1.00,

NACA RM L5 1G3 1 - 135

28 i-- .9 60-1.05
06
- D Cl 1 -
G Cd1
.24H.8 50— .04
- C
- L—
20 - '.7 40 - .03
CwI
O,deg C11 Ax
d1
16 - .6 30 - .02
<-
2 I— . 5 20 -H .01
8L4
8
LI
12
a /,' deg
16 120
10 _j 0
(g) Section Characteristics ; arrow shows design angle of attack;

Figure 57.- Concluded. -

136 NACA RM L51G31

1.6 1.6

S S
.8 8
A A
"0 20 40 60 80 tOO "0 20 40 60 80 100
(a) a,=lQO°, 0:17.4°. (b) a 1 = 14.0°, 9=21.9°
0 Convex surface
o Concave surface
I I I
1.6
S .8 .8 I-
01 I r I
0 20 40 60 80 tOO
I I Rei
0 20 40 60 80 100
• Percent chord Percent chord
(c) a,: 16.0°; 0=24:2°. (ci) ci,=17.5°, 0=25.2°.
3.2
Z4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 0
0 20 40 6D 80 tOO 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a,=20.0°; 0=26.40. (f) a, = 22.00 , 0=26.3°.

l - a = 1.00,
and blade section, NACA 65-(18)

NACA RM L1G31 137

32 60 06

28 F— .9 50 -H .05
24 .8 40 —1 .04
I C. I
C11 L —1
0, deg — b7
CdI
20 I— .7 30 -H .03
16 I— .6 a H .02
0 e
o C11
2 I— . 5 Cd1 LIi—t?1
G
CwI
8L 0 —J 0
12 16 20 24.
deg

-, . .

138 NACA RM L51G31

24 24

1.6 1.6

S S
.8
0(
020406080100
(a) a,=12.0°; 618.5 1. (b) a,=16.00; 9=24.9°.
o Convex surface
° Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 0' I I I 1 I
0 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a, : 18.00; 8=26.6°. (d) a,19.50 ; 8=27.10.
3.2--
I I
--
24
S 1.6 S
.8
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a,=21.5°, 9=27.8° c a,=23.5 0 , 9=279°.

characteristics for the cascade combination, Jl 6o°, a = 1.00,
and blade section, NACA 65-(2.1)10.

N&CA RM L 5 1 G3 1 139
a
3D LV (V .01
32 .9 60 .06
28 .8 50 .05
24 .7 40 .04
cw.
0, deg— Cl1
D
d1
20 .6 30 .03
16 .5 20 .02
12 .4 10 .01
8 E.3 0 n
- 8 12 16 20 24
a ,, deg
) Section characteristics ; arrow shows design angle ' of attack;

flagged symbol, indicates leading-edge roughness.
Figure 59.-*ic1uded. .
111.0 NACA RM L51G31
24 24
1.6
S. sI.
.8
0 20 40 60 80 100 "0 20 40 60 80
(a) a1 0.00; 8 =- 0.4!
(b) a, = 6.0 0 , 0=5.6!
o Convex surface
o Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0' I I I I I
0 20 40 60 80 K0 0 20 40 60 80 tOO
(C) a, = 80°; 8=7.50 (d) a,=I0.0 0, 0=9.20
3.2 1 I
a4 24
S 1.6 5 1.6
.8 .8
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 tOO 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) ä, =14. 0 6 ; 0=13.0? Y(f) a,=20.00; 8=1530.
Figure 60.- Blade-surface pressure distribjtions and blade section

characteristics for the cascade combinion, O l = 600 , - = 1.25,
and blade section, NACA 65-4iW.

NACA RN L51G31 111.1
20 .5 50 .06
0 6
E3 C21
0 Gd1
16 .4 40 .05
A •Cw1
.3 30
CW
0, deg__- C11
d1
8 .2 20 .03
4 .1 10 .02

0 0 .01
0
-4 -I
1
a1 , deg
'Figure 60.- Concluded.

142 - ---- V NACA RM L51G31
24—____ UI
C
S
I
.I
•_
O- I I I -
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(a) a 1 = 8.1°; 9=I3i (b) a,=12i°, 9=17.40
1.6- -
S .8__ - S .8 I—
- _ -
01
o W 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a, = 14.1 0 ;.9=19.6 o (d) a 1 = 16.I°; 9=21.4°.
32 .i2
24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0
0 '20 40 80 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a,=20.I 0 ; 9=24.3°
40 (f) a,=241 0 ; 9=25.2°

characteristics for the cascade combination i 60°, a 1.25,
-
111.3
NACA RN L51G31
32 F__ . .9 60 .06
0 6
E3 C11
28 i- 8
i 50 .05
D
(
24 - .7 40 - .04.
cw
deg- 81
D
d1
20—.6 30.O3
16 F— ..5 PO .02
1 ( >T-
12 ^— .4 10 1.01
8 L - - 0 '0
8 12 16 20 24 28
a1 , deg
(g) Section characteristics ; arrow shows design angle of attacks


144 NACA EM L51G31
24- 2.4
1.6— 1.6
S S
.8. .8
o
0 20 40 60 80 100 00 20 40 60 80 100
(a) a,=12.0 0; 8=172°. (b) a,=16.00; 8=24.40
• o Convex surface
- a Concave surfarp
1.6 1.6
S .8 •S .8
01 I 1 I I I 01 I I I I
0 20 40 60 80 K0 0 20 40 60 80 tOO
(C) a,=18.00; (d) a, = 20.0°; 0=28.8°.
OZ
I I
I_ NACA
2.4 24 I
S 1.6 1.6 --
-
.8
1-0-1
0 nr 1
0 20 40 80 100 0 20 40 60 80100
(e) a, : 22.0°; 8=29.9°. (f) a, = 24.0 0 , 8=30.0°.

'3 i = 60°, = 1.25,
and blade section, NACA 65-(18): LO.
NACA RN L51G31
0.9
36 H .9 70—I .06
o C11
CdI
CWI
32 H .8 L 60—I .05
D
28 i- .7 50— .04
C
deg —CZ,
\\.1K/___ 0
24 I- .6 40— .03

20 i- ,5 30—I .02
6 - .4
12 I— 10—j n
12 16 20 24
a deg

146 NACA EM L51G31
6
S
#% fl# aa 1a
V V MU DV DV I(.A)
aa

U U () 'IU bU t5U IOU

(a) a,=O.O°; 8=-3.9 (b) a, = 4.00; 8=0.00.
o Convex surface
I
Concave surface
1.6
S [:1 1.-i
O 20 40 60 80 00 0 20 40 60 80 100
(c) a, = 6.0°; 8 : 23°. (d) a,=8.0*-,8=410
--
1 I
S I
020408D80100 020406080100
(e) a, : 12.0 0 ; 8-7.7 (f) a,16.0 0 ; 8=11.00.

characteristics for the cascade combination, 01'= 600 , a 1.50,

NACA RN L5 1G31 147 -
o 9 -
20 1.— .4 30—.07
D; C11
G Cd1
A .Cw1

16 - .3 20— .06
10— .05
8—i o - . 04
C
0) deg - Cz1 L
C-I
UI
4-0 tO— .03
0--i -20— .02
-4 - 30— .01
-2 20 40 0
4 8 12 16
a / , deg

Asnow

RRIN NACA RN L51G31
•q.

1.6 1.6

S S
8 .8
0 20 40 60 80 . 100 00 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord . Frcent chord
(a) a,:3.00; 9:350 (b) a, : 6.O°; 9=6.3°
0 Convex surface
° Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
.0 0
Fol ) 20 40 60 80
(C) a,=9.6*, 9:990 (d) a1=11.00;
3.21
a4 2 41f I
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0
020406380100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a, : 1300 , 9:1290 (f) a:1900, 9:1440
_]L
cbractèr1stics for the cascade combin&ion, 600, a 1.501
NACA EM L51G31

2 .5 50 —i .05
o 9
a C11
C1
16 I— .4
i CWL/ 40 —H .04
X0
12 - .3 30 .03
L
8, deg— Cl, D
Cd,
.2 20 .02
4 F— .1
—f'
4LI"—L
fl L_ o
0 -J 0
- 0 4 8 12 16 20
a ,, deg

150 NACA RM L51G31
2 4
1.6 6
S S
.8
U n, aa #.a a
KV 94U OV OV RiO LI O. '40bO dU IOU
( a) a, = 3.7 *; 8 : 6.4°. (b) a,: 9.7°, O=132!
o Convex surface
o Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 n
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80100
(c) a 1 : 12.7 0 ; 8 : 16.0? Cd) a,=I4.7 0 8=177°.
3.2 32
24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 ()
• 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 tOO
(e) a, : 17.7 0 ; 8 : 20.5° . (f) a, : 23.7 0 ; 9:200e

characteristics for the cascade' combinion, = 600, = 1.50,
NACA RM L5 1G3 1 151
15 A - -
.1 70 .06
20 .6 60 .05
16
50 .04
C
8, deg C11 L
D
Cd
12 .4 40 .03
8 • 30
4 .2 20 .01
0
10 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
a, deg.

152 NACA RN L51G31
2 OMEN
••iu•
1.6 IMMMEM
•
S. S 1 c..
rm 6
i.A
.8 • 192. M.. M 'm
•
)O
• iI...:s •s
I I I .1
a Percent chord
( ) a,=8.I°; 9=13.1°. 0
Percent chord
(b) a,12.I , 91790
o Convex surface
a Concave surface
I....
Lb
• IMIN

S .8 S
OrME
oil i )O
(c) a,=I6.I°; 8=22.4.° (d) a,=18.I 0 ; 8=24.2°
3.2---
2.4
S 1.6
.8
0
0 20 40 80 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a1=22.I°; 9=27.3° a,=28.I°; 8=27.6°
Figure 66.- Blade-surface pressure distribution s and blade section

characteristics for the cascade coinbinatiqn, 600 , a = 1.50,
and blade section, NACA 65-(12) LO. -
NACA RN L51G31 153
-
36 .8 70 -i .06
9L
0 C21
321— .7
G Cd1 f . --- - - 60 —H .05
- - A 0 w1 _ - - - - - - - -
b L -
-
28 .6 50 —1 .04
I Cw
8, degCl -I
L
0
EN
Cd1
24 .5 40 .03
20 1-- .4
30 —I .02
EiI 20 .01
3
I; 16 20
a1 , deg
Th Th 10 0


1514.
- NACA RM L51G31
24

1.6 EQ 1.6
S
.8
ow i I I' I I I I
0 2040 60 80 100 0 20 4060 80 100
(0) a,=12.0 0 ; 8=18.9° (b) a 1 160°; 8=24.5°
o Convex surface
o Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0' 0' I 1 1 I
'èl 0 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a, 18:00; 8 = 27.2°. (d) a, = 20.00 , 8=28.81
32

2.4 24
S 1:6 S LE
.8 .8
0 (1
0204080I00
Percent chord
chord Percent chord
(e) a, : 24.0 0 ; 8 =32.0°. (fl a,28.0 0 ; 0= 30.9!

characteristics for the cascade combinatfln, i = 600,a = 1.50,
NACARML51G31 .155
36 1 .7 60 .05
C
G Cd1
32 F— .6 50 .04
.Gwl
D
i i t
28 i- •5 40 —I .03
I Cw
L
deg C11
D
CdI
24— .4 30 .02
20 • 20 .01
16 10 0
12 16 20 24 28
deg
, g) Section characteristics ; arrow shows design angle of attack;


156 - •NACA RM L51G31

1.6 1.6

S S
.8 .8
C)
0 20 40 60 80 100
(a) a, : 16.0 0 ; 8=24.7° (b) a,20.0°; 9:30.1°.
0 Convex surface
El Coneava qurfnea
.6 M
RIV NONE
S .8

S MEiiui
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20-40 60 80 tOO

(C) a, : 22.0 0 ; 9=31.90 (d) a,=24.0 0 ; 9:33.60.
.2.4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 0
0 20 40 6D 80100 0 20 40 60 80 tOO
Percent chord _ Percent chord
(e) a,=28.00; 934 . 9°. .L (f) a,: 32.0 0 ; 0=36.00.

characteristics for the cascade combin4ion, Ol = 6 00 , a 1.50,
and blade section, N&CA 65-(18)lo.

NACA RM L51G31 157
4 I .9 70
-i°
o •9
c C21'
G Cd1 60 -H .06
Aowl
36 F— .7 50 —1 05
32
j- .6 L i —L,_^ 40 -H .04
ICw
0, deg— dl L
D
&
28 i- .5 30 .03
CdI
24 .4 20 —1 .02
20 - • 11.— Iii
16 - .2 0 _Jo
12 16 20 24 28 32
a /, deg
( g ) Section characteristics ; arrow shows design angle of attack;


158 NACA RM L51G31

• 1.6 1.6

S S
.8 .8
0 20 40 60 80 100 )0
(a) Q,: 19.0°; 8=29.8 0. (b) a,= 22.00 ; 8=32.20
o Convex surface
n Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 0
o 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a,: 25.00; 8=36.0°. (d) a,=27.00 ; 8=38.0°.
OX
2.4
S 1.6
.8
• 77
0
0 20 40 60 80 tOO
Frcent chord
(e) a,=30.0°; 8=38.1°

characteristics for the cascade combinatilon, O l = 600 , a = 1.50,
NACA RM L51G31 - 159
56 I.' 100 .IU
52 1.0 90 .09
48 .9 80 .08
44 .8 70 .07
40 .7 60 .06
C
0, deg Cz1 a
CdI
• 36 .6 50 .05
32 .5 40 .04
28 .4 30 .03
24 .3 20 .02
20. .2 10 .01
.1 0
6 20 24 28 • 32
a /. deg -
Section characteristics; arrow shdws • design angle of attack.
- -. -

160 .1J)Li'i NACA RN L51G31
2. 2
1.6 LE
S S
•:L+ 0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord
0 20 40 60 80 100
(0) a,= 23.o°; 9 = 34.9 0 Percent chord
(b) a,= 25.0 0; 9=38.10.
- 0 Convex surface
rt wIn..uv --
surface
LE LE
s .e S .8
O"S 05 .09:1814 Q
01 I I I IJ
0 20 40 60 80 100
Iercent chord
(C) a,;2700; 9=40.0°. Percent chord
(d) a, = 27.0°; 8=39.20
I -
S I.E
.8 - - - - -
DC
0 20 40 60 80 100
Frcent chord
(e) a,= 29.0 0 ; 8= 39.20
Figure 70.- Bla de-surface pressure di

stributions and blade section
characteristics forthe cascade combination, i = 600, a = 1.50,
and blade section, NACA 65-(2i.) 10. .
NACA RN L51G31 .. 161
40 r— .7 60 .06
vr^^
36 H- £ 50 .05
32 40 —I .04
I Cw
0, deg— Ci, LI1
D1&
1 Cd
28 .4 30 —1 .03
24 F— .3 a —1 .02
a C21
20 I— .2 Cd1
G
I
- Cw1_
16 L_ .1 C Ii 0 —so
20 24 28 32
a1 , deg
(f) Section characteristics', arrow shows design angle of attack;

• __

162 N.ACA RM L51G31
2.4

1.6 1.6

S S
.8
0
0 0 20406080 00
(a) a,=0.06 ; 8=-2.4° (b)a,=2.O°; 9=-0.4°.
o Convex surface
a Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 5- .8
0' I I I I I
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(c) a1 =4.0°; 9=I.51 (d) a,=6.0 0 ; 8=3.10
3.2
r
2,4
S I S LE
.8
('I
0 20 40 80 80 tOO --
chord
(e) a,=9.00; 95.00 - morwil") a,=15.00; 9=7.7?

characteristics for the cascade combination, 01 = 700, 1.00,
NACA RM L51G31 163
24— .5 I l 10 i .07
0 9
0 C11
-o--
20— .4 -G Cd1
10 -H .06
/2.___
-: ;'-
16H- .3 o —J.os
0 —1.04
IC W
deg C11
Ic d1
8 H..1 5p, 0 -H.03.'
F
4 0 0 —.1.02
/
T"
0. s—r1
-4 H- 0 -J 0
0 4 8 12 16
a / , deg .

flagged symbol indicates leading-edge roughness, solid
symbol indicates high Reyndids number.

164 NACA EM L51G31
2A

1.6 LE

S S
.8 .8
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80
(a) a, = 0.5 0; 8=0.7° (b) a,=45°; 8=4.50
o Convex surface
E3 Concave surface

• 1.6 16

S .8 S .8
0
-- JO
(c) a,=6.5 0 , 8=5• 90• (d) a,=8.5 0 ; 8=7.70
3.2 --
2.4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 0
K) 020406080100
Percent chord • Percent chord
(e) a1 =12.5°; 8= 10.00 1 rIIt f a, = 16 .5 0 ; 8=10.30

characteristics for the cascade combination, = 70 0 , a = 1.00,
NACA BM L51G31 165
--1.08
24 r .6
ó 8
- a C11
G Cd1 0 .07
20 1— .5
A Cw1
16 I— .4 -- 50----1-.06
10— .05
C
0, deg a
C dI
$0— .04
4 I— .1 to-H .03
rem ^I 10-H .02
-4 F—.1
'20
0_J ó
a1 , deg

symbol indicates high Reynods number.

166 - NACA RN L51G31

1.6 6

S S

.8 I"
- 0
11570M.'s L,
Percbnt chord
10
Frcent chord -
(a) a, : I.2 0 ; 8:340 (b) a,5.2 0 ; 8:6.9°
o Convex surface
o Concave surface
I 1.6 L 1
I
1 1
10 0 20 40 60 80 tOO
(c) a 1 = 7.2°; 8:86 0 (d) a,=9.2°, 9:104°
24
- S 1.6
S .8
()
'0 20 40 6D 80 100 0
Ircent chord Percent chord
(e) a, : II.2°; . 9:1180
CO a,=15.20 ; 9:I20.

characteristics for the cascade combination, 01= 70 0 , a-= 1.00,

NACA RM L51G31 * 167
Co .7 7O—.08
24 I.— .6 60 .07
20 :5 50 .06
16 .4 40 .05
cw
8, deg C11
Cd1
• 12 30 .04
.3
8 .2 20 —1 .03
4 .1 to .02
0 0 0 .01
-4 . -i -1.0 0
- o: 4 8 12- 16
a ,, deg
(g) Section characteristics *,arrow shows design angle of attack;
flagged symbol indicates leadin9-edge roughness; solid
Figure. 73.- Concluded. .

168 NACA EM L51G31
24 2
1.6
S S
:EFttPt
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord
(a) a,3.I°; 8=6.2°.
B 1!r-
20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord
(b) a,=8.6 0 ; 8=11.8°
o Convex surface
o Cnnenv sirfnr
1:6

S .8 S :M
PIP,
fin
l
0 20 40 60 80 tOO 0 20 40 60 80 tOO
(C) a,=I0.6 0 ; 8=13.3° (d) a1 =12.6 0 ; 9=14.4°.
a4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 0
0 20406J80 tOO 20 40 60 80 tOO
(e) a,=14.60 ; 0=14.8! (f: a1 =16.60 ; 8=15.21
Figure 74._ Blade-surface pressure distributions and blade section

characteristics for the cascade combination, 131 = 700, a = 1.00,

NACA RN L51G31 169
• 24 .9 • .06
j1
•1
o8•.•••
D C21
C1 .05
20 - .8 - 0

WI
^N
16 - .7 —4 0— .04
C
•
dew— C11
12 - .6
T/L )•
0— .03
C
&
dI
.02
4—.4 0 .01
.n -• 0
4 8 12 16 20
a /, deg

COrg_-

170 NACA RM L51G31
1.6

S S
.8 .8
o 20 40 60 80 100 '0 20 40 60 80 100

(a, a1 =6.0°; 8=9.8°. (b) a, =8.0°; 0=13.0,0
o Convex surf ace

Concciv i,rfnt'c
Lb 1.6
S .8 S .8
.0
(c) aç10.0°; 8=145° (d) a1 =12.0°, 9=1621
3.2-
.8 -------
0 20 40 GD 80 I 0
Frcent chord
(e) a,=14.0°; 9=14.7°.

characteristics for the cascade coination, 01 70 = 1.00,
NACA EM L51G31 171
loss
-
24 -.8
06
oC11-
G Cd1
20 1— .7 50-1.05
Cwl
F^'
16
h .6 40 - .04
L
Cw
Ode Cl1 D
81
Cdj
2 I- . 3Q - .03/
A I/Al

8 I— .4 20 —.I .02
4 I— .3
S 0 - 0
4 8 12 16
a, deg
(f) Section characteristics no design point was obtained;

flagged symbol indicates leading-edge roughness, solid
172 NACA RN L51G31

24 ZA

1.6 1.6

S S
.8 .8

(a) a,2.0°; 817° (b) a,6.0 0; 8=5.2
o Convex surface
n
- r.,in-ntn
w. V .
I U.0

Lb
- 1.6

S ' .8 S .8
01 I I I I I I I 1 1
0•' I
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a,=8.0°; 8=6.7°. (d) a1 =I0.0°; 9=8.61

aX 3.2

a4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 0
0 20 40 6D 80 tOO 0 20 4060 80 100
(e) a,=14.00 ; 8=11.30. Nftrm (f) a,1a0°; 8=11.7!

characteristics for the cascade combination, 01 = 70°, a = 1.25,
and blade section, NACA 65_41o.

NACA RM 1,51G31 173
20 .5 50 i .05
I I
0 e
D C11
16k— .4 —G Cd1
40 .04
A Cw1
12 .3 30 .03
Cw
- Oi deg C11 &
C
d1
8L—.2 20 .02
I— .l
L_ 0 0 —J 0
.0 4 8 12 16. 20
a1 , deg


174

NACA RM L51G31
H 4

1.6 6

S S
.
.8

B C
o
20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord
)
11 I I
20 40 60 80 Ic
Percent chord
I
(a) a, 4.7°; 8= 6.1°. (b) a = 8.70 ; 9= 10.4?
0 Convex surface
0I! n Concave surface
LE
S. . :rm S .8
0

Percent chord 0 T Percent chord
c) a, = I0.70; 9i2.0? (d) a,=12.7°; 8=13.8?
32
24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0
0 20 40 &) 80 tOO "0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord -. Percent chord
(e) a = 14.7°; 8=1461 . a,=16.70; 8=14.6?

characteristics for the cascade combination, 01 = 70 , a= 1.25,
and blade section, NACA 65-810. -

NACA RN L51G31 175
24 • 70 .06
20 .7 60 .05
16 .6 50 .04
C
zi
0, deg
DCdI
12 .5 40 .03
8 .4 30 OF-
4 .3 20— .01
9 10 0
0 4 8 12 16 20
a1 , deg

Flgure 77.- Concluded.

176 NACA RM L51G31

1.6 1.6

S S
.8
P .0. 20 40 60 80 100 . '0 20 40 60 80 100

(a) a,=6.I°; 8=7. 1 0 (b) a,=IO.I°, 9=I3.41
0 Convex surface
a Concave surface
1.6 - - - - - 1.6
FT -- O0
S .8 . -_ S .8
0------ 0
-
0 20 40 .60 80 tOO
Percent chord
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord
(c) a,=I2J 8:15.6 0. (d) a,=14.I°; 9=17.00:
3.2

2.4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 (1
0 20408O tOO 0 20 40 60 80 100
rcerit chord Percent chord
(e) a,=16.I 0 ; 9=17.00. U _____ a, : I8.I 0 ; 0=17.00.
Figure 78.- Blade-surface , pressure distribution s and blade section

characteristics for the cascade combination,, = 70 0 , cr = 1.25,
NACA RN L51G31 --t 177
32 r .9 —i07
28 1— . 8 so -H .06
24 I- .7 50 —1 .05
20 - .6.6 40 —1.04
ICw
Cu
9) deg—
CdI
16 1- . 30 —i .03
2 I— .4
8 I— .3
L_ .2 0
4 8 12 16 20
deg
(g) Section characteristics, arrow shows design angle of attack;

Figure 78, Cdided.

178 NACA RN L51G31
24_____ 2.1
I.(
C..1
S
.8
o 20 40 60 80 100 . "ó 20 40 60 80 100

(a) a,IO.O°; 8 : 13.5? (b) a,I2.0 0 ; 8I6.I°.
o Convex surface
° Concave surfnt'ø'
1.6 • 1.6
S .8 S .8
0. 0
0 )0
Iercent chord Percent chord
(C) a1 14.0 0 ; 8185°.
(d) a,=16.0 0 ; 8=19.70
3.2
2.4
S 1.6
.8
0 w
0 20. 40 &) 80 tOO
'Percent chord
(e) a,=18.0°; 8=19.70

characteristics for the cascade combination, 01 = 70 0 , a =
1.2,
and blade section, NACA 65-( 15) 10.

NACA RM L51G31 179
2 .8 60 .05
24 I— .7 50 H .04
20
H .6
I
40 —i .03
L
Cw
deg— 9z
16 L- . Cd,
30 —1 .02
2 H. 20 —1.01
8.39 I I I I I . 0
• 8 ' 12 16 20s'
'
a,, deg
(f) Section characteristics; arrow shows design angle of attack;

• __

180 r NACA RN L51G31
1.6

S S
.8 .8
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
(a) a,0.O°; 8-3.6°. (b) a,4.00; 8:_I.o°
o Convex surface
13 Concave surface
FE
W"."
. MEN
Ij!
S P1
MENEM
ME
(C)
SoMew
Percent chord
a,=6.0 0 ; 8=0.8
'14 I! Percent chord
(d) a,=8.O 6; 82.8°
)0
24
S I S • 1.6
.8
(J
0 20 40 6) 80 100 o 20 40 60 80 100
(e) a,12.0 0 ; 86.5°. (f) a,160°; 883°.

characteristics for the cascade combination, 01 = = 1.50,
and blade section, NACA 65-010. 4

NCA RM L51G31 ilL 181
2 , 0 —1 .07
20 1— .3
16 1— .2 0 —1•05
12 .1 0 —1O
Icw
deg— Cli
Cdj
0 —j.03
4 F— .I 0 —.02
01— .2 [I -Mn
-4 l-- -
- - -- _[i.— T
deg


182 NACA EM L51G31
24
1.6 1.6
S
.8 .8
0(
0. '20 40 60 W IW 10
(a) a, = 0.00 , 8=_o.30 (b ai r-4.0% 9=2.9?.
o Convex surface
o Concave surface
1.6
I-
S S .8
II
- 0 20 40 60 .80 100
Percent chord
0 20 40 60 80 100
. Percent chord
(C) a,: 8.0°; 9=6.8° (d) a,=I0.0°; 8=8.2°
3.2
2.4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
0 ()
0 20 40 OD 80 100 0 20 '4060 80 100
(e) a,: 14.0 0 ; 9=1 1.6°. a,I8.0°, 8:11.8°

characteristics for 'the , cascade combintion, 0 1 = 70 0 , = 1.50,
and blade section', NACA 65-41o.

NACA RM L51G31 183
0 e
2 I— .5 - - 5 006
.n C11 .
—ó Cd1.
16 I— .4
12 .3 0 —1 .04.
IC
Ek
8, deg
Cd1
0 -H .03
_
4 f— .1 0 -H .02
___ ___
I I 10 10
0 4 8 12 16 20
a,, deg

- .-.. .

184 NAQA RN L1G31
2.
1.6 1.6
S S
.8 .8
-----I
Percent chord Frcenf chord
(a) ,g4 •70; 85.I. (b) a,8.7 0; 810.20
o Convex surface
a Concave surface
1.6 1.6
S .8 S .8
0 0
0 )0
(C) a,:I0.7°; 812 . 1 0. (d) a1 12.70 , 8=14.00
3.2
2.4 24
S 1.6 S 1.6
.8 .8
a
0 C)
0 20 40 6D 80 100
(e) a,14.7 0, 8=15.7? _________________ (f) a1 18.7 0 ; 8=1740

characteristics for the cascade combination, 01 = 700, = 1.50,

NACA RM L51G31 185
24ç .7 I I 0 —i .06
o 9
Cl1
Cd1
20 F— .6 5
A Cw1 -
L - J.
/ \
16-5 4 0—I .04
CwI
6, deg- C11
Ic
12 - •4
A^l 3 0— .03
V)
8H.3 A^y 2 0 —1 .02
•
4 h .2 mom
.1 w 0_J0
O--- I - __ I
8 12 16 20
a,,deg
flagged symbol' indicates leading-edge roughness; solid
•

- 186 NPCA RN L51G31
.4 - - - -
.6 - -
0 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100
II!1!.
(a) ap8.l°; 9:90 0 (b) a, : 12.1 0 ; 8=15.90.
o Convex surface
a Concave surface
I
1°
S 1
o 20 40 60 80 tOO
Percent chord
(c) a 1 =14.1 0; 9 : 182°
0 20 40 60 80 100
Percent chord
(d) a1 =16.1 0 ; 9:1970
32
Z4 24
HS 1:6 S 1.6
.8 .8
.0 ri
0 20 40 60 80 tOO 0 20 40 60 80 tOO
(e) a,: 18.l°; 9:20.6°. (f) a, : 20.1 0 ; 8:1970

characteristics for the cascade combination, 1l = 700, a'= 1..50,

NACA RN L51G31 187
24 - .7 60 .06
I I
09
- 0• C1
20— .6-0Ca1 50 —1 .05

CwI
- - L
D
16 - .5 40 —I .04
Icw
L
9deg — Czi D
CdI
12 .4 30 .03
8 F— . 3 20.02
4 - .2
flL I 0—J0
12 16 20 24
a1 , deg
Figure 83.- Concluded..

H

188 NACA RM L51G31
1.6 I.E
-S. S
.8 .8
o - 0.
Per chord, Percent chord
(a) a1 =I20°; 9=13.2°. (b) a,= 14.00; 8=1700.
C Convex surface
o Concave OU -a MMM
1.6 1.6
5' .8 S .8
'0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100
(C) a1 = 16.0°; 920.4 0.
(d) a1 18.0°; 822.2°
3.2
P-4 24
S 1.6 ' S 1.6
.8 .8
0 (1
020 40a) 80 100.. C) 20 40 60 80 100
Percept chord Percent chord
(e) a, = 20.0 0 ; 8=22.50. (f) a,=22.00; 8 23.50.
Figure 84.- Blade-surface pressure distribution

s and blade section
c haracteristics for the cascade combintion,
= 700, a = 1.50,
and blade section, NACA 65-(15)lo.
NACA RM L51G31 189
44 tso I
fla C11
40 1.0 —G Cd1
70 .07
A Cw1
36 .9 60 .06
32 1.8 50 .05
C
deg — Cli L
Oi
CdI
28 .7 40 .04
24 .6 30 .03
20 .5 20 .02
$6 .4 10 .01
12 .3 n
12 $6 20 24
a1 , deg
(g) Section•• characteristics ; arrow shows design angle of attack;

,Figure84. - Concluded.
199 NACA RM L51G31
28
24
9 ) deg
o 45 0 1.5
20 - - fJ 450 15 turbulence added - - -
--
60° 10 turbulence added
1€ E
12
Cd1
Cd1
140 180 220 260 300 340 380 420 460 500 x103
R
(a) Variation with R near design angle of attack.
Figure 85.- Effect of Reynolds number on turning angle and drag coeffi-
cient of the NACA 65-(12)10 blade section for typical cascade
combinations.

NACAE14 L51G31 101
40-- I I I I I I 1.1 I
0R : 245000 smooth blade
0 R : 445,000 smooth blade turbulence added
36 OR :245,000 leading-edge roughness added - ZO= - - . 07
_06
---- -
28-------------- --05
8, deg ----------------------1----. C di
24---'
20--
.02
12III
1
;E::IIIIII
Cd1 . 01
8
LL
8 12 16 20 2428 .3236 0
a,, deg
(b) Comparison for the angle ,-of -attack range for 8:450, o-1.5.
Figure 85.- Continued.
.4

192 NACA RM L51G31
32 .07
I I I
- o : 245,000 - - -
' 0 R = 445,000
28 .06
24 .05
20 .04
8, deg C d1
6 .03
2 .02
Cdl,/
8 .01

4 0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
a/, deg
(C) Comparison for the

angle-of-attack range for 8 : 60°, j- =1.0
smooth blade:

NACA RM L51G31 193
16
300
12 --- -
- = - -
CP
70° -
C
I,
C
0
a) 450
C/)
70° - 60°
--
- - -
- -
- -
-8
- - - -300
-12
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
Comber, C20
Figure 86.- Variation of estimated operating angle-of-attack range- with

camber for the inlet angles tested.
194
0.00 NACA RM L51G31
1.0
REMEMMEMEM
.9 SMEMEMEMEM
MEMEMMEMEM
.8 MMUNMEMEME
MEMERMUME
.7 MONEEMEMEM
MEMMEMEMEM
.6 MEMEEMEMEM
__I___ I.
.5
MENOMMEMEM
.4. EMOMMEMEME
MEMESOMMEMI
.3 MEMOMMOMME
MMMMMMMMMM
.2 MIMMEMOMMEM
MENNEN no
M ENEM___ -s:,
MENEM 0 1 F I
0. NONE 1. g.
Turning angle 9
Figure 87.- Variation of ideal and test dynamic-pressure ratio across
the cascade.
1

NACA RN L1G31 195
i.II_\iIIII? '-4
4.)
o
•
(D
r()
0
U
•a)
cJ
r()
o
- j4)
r-4
OD
c'J o
-
C
bD
04
c •,-
C -j
E 0
cli
Cd cc
L) (D
• .
(0 •0Ct)
rlW
O)Q)
ii.
eiC
ci - - - -
E

196 NACA RM L51G31
2.0
16
'C /
a
E
0
b12
a
w
a)
E
.8
0
0.
0 Ideal -
o .4
0
-j Test
[I,
.4 .8 12 16
Solidity, o-
Figure 89.-. Variation of the limit loading parameter, (Ocz)max with

solidity for inlet angles of 600 and 700.
NACA RN L1G31 197
2E
24
20 / 1 I
-
- /- 7/H-----
I6
12
---.-- 7 --
8, deg
4
8
IIII'2IIIII
Present data -
Data ref.4
0 - -
- 0 65-010 -
- -
0 65-410
Q 65-810 --
'
-4 - - - - - - - - E 65-(18)10 - -
• ___
-8
• 0 4 8 12 16 20 24
a, deg
Figure 90. - Comparison of turning-angle, : angle-of-attack relationships

for the present porous-wall cascade results with those for the solid-
wall cascade of reference 4 for a typical combination, 01= 600,
a=l.00.

-----
.198
O_ -W
'NACA EM L51G31
44. -
- -
40- -'--
36-
28 -.
• . /
.
24
8, deg -
• H.
/•
/ 7 /
- .065-010
065-4I0
-.____74_

.
/
-
•
065-810
A65(I2)10
65- (15fl0 -
• / :. •65-(I8)I0
-• —/-7--. --------
0 -4 -. - - - -- - - -
0 ' 4 8
-. --. -
12 16
a/ , deg
20 24 28
I I
32 • 36
Figure 91.-Sunnnary of turning'angle, e,- angle of attack, a, relation-

ship for the blade sections tested at • = 30 0 , a = 1.00. Short
• bars across curves indicate design points.
NACA RM L1 G31 199 -,
-4 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
deg
Figure 92.- Simary of turning angle, e, angle of attack..-.a. relation-

ship for the blade sections tested at 01= 30°,cr = l.25 short
bars across curves indicate design points.

200 NACA RN L1G31
48 ------------_________
-- ----
--
- -- -
-_7_-
----/ -
2
/77
9) deg
2 :0--- - ----- --
If--
-7 - ---- -- -
-/ ---
7 7
- 965-0I0.
065-810
65-02)10
- -7------- 65-(15)1Q_ -
- 65-(18)I0
_ 7 Z /-I----
0 -- /
7 - - - - - - - -
-.
--_I I
a lb 20 24 28 32 36
a1 , deg
Figure 93.- Suxmnary of turning angle, e, angle of attack, a, relation-

ship for the blade sections tested at 01 = 30, a = 1.50. Short
- __
NACA RN L 51G31 - 201
- - ir
2 4
2 0- -
6deg
2
o'65-410_
4
i 65-'(12)I0
65-(18)I0 -
00
/ _____
4 8 12
I•L
16 20 24
a1 deg
Figure 9L- Summary of turning angle, e, angle of attack; a, relation-

ship for the blade sections tested.at -li.5°, = 0.50. Short
202 NACA RM L51G31
32-
28 - -
24 —
0, leg
16 ----/
- - - - - -
7
I2
- -- -, -
8 -- -- --
--- 0 65-410 -
7A 6512)10
/
00 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
a,, deg
Figure 95.- Summary of turning angle, 0, angle of attack, a, relation-

ship for the blade sections tested at 01 a = 0.75. Short

NACA RM L51G31 203
48 -
44 - - -
40 -
36 - - -
32 - -
28-----
24 -
O,deg
20 -
16
12
8
065-010
65-410
065810
4
0 A 65(12)I0
65-(I5)I0----
65-(I8)I0
065-(21)l0----
0
7 0 65-(24)10

---------- 065-27)l0----
-d
• 0 48 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
a,, deg
Figure 96.- Summary of turning angle, e, angle of attack, a, relation-

ship for the blade sections tested at 01 450, a = 1.00. Short.
2O1. NACA RN L51G31
4C
3€
32
28
24
O,deg
20
12
0.
v lb 7.0 24 28 32 36
a,, deg

ship for the blade sections tested at Ol = .5°, a = 1.2 5 . Short

NACA RM L51G31 . . . 20
--,-
--
--
/
48
40 1)'
- KY
32--------------------
28______77 ---
O,deg --------- _
24 ----------2--_-______
-
20
-
_
/ 065-010
0.65-410
-065-810
7 7 t 65-fl)
• -__Z 7
t65-(I5I0
• 0' . C65-()I0
4 . 065(2010
/ . 065-(24)l0
• __
0_7
-.
0 4 8 12 116 20 24 28 32 36 40
- - a, deg
Figure 98.- Summary of turning angle, angle of attack, a, relation- e,

ship for the blade sections tested at 01 450, a = 1.50. Short

206 NACA EM L51G31
8 • _/; •_____
—t
•
•
__ • 065-410
)( •
L 65-(12)I0
___ ___ ___ ___ • - b 65(18)I0—_
00 4 8 ' 12 16 20
a / , deg
Figure 99.. Suary of turning angle, e, angle of attack, a, relation-
ship for--the.-blade sections- tested at • = 600, = 0.50. Short
V
/
V
NACA RM L51G3].
241 I
20
16
•//
0, deg
2
V . .. .
65-410
:65-(I2I0
65-(18)I0-
I
4. 8 12. .16 20 24
deg
Figure 100.- Summary of turning angle, e, angle :of attack; a, relation-

ship for the.b1ade sections tested at = 600, a = 0 . 75 . Short
208 NACA EM L51G31
24
------- -------
2C IIIIII7?IIII
-
16 - -
O,deg
12 jr,
- -- - -7,-----
8
7
- 7-
- 0 65IQ
D65410
c65-8Io
- . 65-(12)I0 -
, . b 65 -C15)10
0 -- 65-(18)I0 -
Q 65-C2DIO
72 i.
-4
4 8 12 16 20 24
a, deg
Figure 101.- Summary of turning angle, 9,angle 3fa ttack, a, relation-

ship for the blade sections tested at I3 60'y cm = 1.00. Short
- A1, -
NACA RM L51G31 209
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
deg

• ship for the blade sections tested at i = 600, a = 1.25. Short
S
210
100W. NACA EM L51G31
4C • -
----
36 -
-
32 -
-• -
26 -•--
--
-
•
24
•
deg --
20
--
16
- 7--
2
L
-- /' 065-0I0
0 65-410
<>65-810
-
8
7 /) • A 65 -(12)10
7
•
/ /
/
65-(15)I0
C 65-(18)10
0 65-(21)I0
4
065-(24)I0
-4 -------_--_•-____ -
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
a ,, deg -
Figure 10 3 . - Summary of turning angle., 0, angle of attack, a, relation-

ship for the blade sections tested at = 60 0 , a 1.50. Short
bars across curves indicate design . points.
NACA RM L51G31
16
12
O,deg
NSA VP '1165-410
_
I]
im
-4 -
-4 0 4 8 12 16 20
deg
Figure 104.- Suniniary of turning angle, e, angle of attack, a, relation-

ship for the blade sections tested at 01 = 70°, = 1.00.' Short
bars across curves indicate design points.. -
212 :'th NACA RM L51G31
16
IN
deg
_ • ________
• 065-410
• ___
4 ___ ___ ___ ___ - 65-8I0
___ ///J ___ ___ ___ ___ •
t 65-(12)I0
65-(I5)10
0 4 8 12 16 20
deg
Figure 105.- Summary of turning angle, 0, angle of attack, a, relation-

ship for the blade sections tested at 01 =700,. a = 1.2 5 . Short
• : ______

NACA RM L51G31
4 V
"' e I --il— I
/t
",/T
• ___________
• 9 K / • 065-010
/ 065-410
65-8IO
___ A65—(12)10
•
___ 2 '
• 0 4 8 • •. 12 16 20 24
•
• a'deg • •
Figure 106.- Summary of turning angle, •e 'angle of attack, a, relation-

ship for the blade sections tested at 01 = 70°, a = 1.50, Short
bars across curves Indicate design points. I
214 NACA RN L51G31
10
O. .4 .8 1.2 1.6
Solidity, •-
Figure 107.- Variation of turning-angle, angle-of-attack slope at design

withsoiidty and inlet angle.. The slopes are averages for the
moderate camber range.
NACA RM L51G31 215
32
- •
65-(27)I0
28
-: 65(24)I0
• F
24 74 - 65-(2l)l0-
- 65-(18)10•
U
0
4-
-65-(l5)l0_
•
•1-
o 16
-
0
0
112
00
/(/ V
8 65-410
-- - - -
/ -
-
4 _
V
- -
C
.4 .6 • .8 tO 1.2 • 1.4 1.6
Solidity, o•
Figure 108.- Variation of design angle of attack with solidity for the
sections tested.
216 NACA RM L51G31
4c
300
- - -
65-(24)I0
3€
3 IIIIIIIII:i10
• •t/
co
0
- 2€
/ - 6515)I0
C
0
c 24
C
65-(12)10
4- -
-
C
2C 7Z
0
1€ ----------
i /
7/7 / r:_
-/--
-
-- / 65-810
----
- 2
---
Lj
4
65-010
__ _
0 .2 4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
Solidity, a-
(a) Inlet angles of 30 0 and 450
Figure 10 9. - Variation of design turning angle with solidity and inlet

angle for the sections tested.

XAQA RM L51G31 217
36
-
IIIIIIIiIII-i
65-(21)l0
32
CD
28
--
$ .-------- 60°
--70° ---/7----
7 -
-
65-( 5)10
C
0 - -- -
C
CU. / -- -
20
C
a, -
- - - 65-(I2)lO
16 - -- ----
---------- -
2 - —65-81 C
7
B
7
—65-4 l(
4 _2Z
- '-
-_- --
__ 65-010
i:. .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6
Solidity, o
(b) Inlet angles of 60 0 and 70°
Figure 1 09.. Concluded.
1
218 NACA EM L51G31
40
01.0
o 1.25
36
1.5
32
28
65-(18)10-1
a
C
624
0I
C
C
1..
4-
20
C
'A
'A
-(12)101
16
F1
65-410
4 1 I 1 I I 1 1 I I I
30 40 50 60 70 80
Entering air angle,
Figure 110.- Variation of design turning angle with inlet angle and
solidity for typical sections.
NACA EM L51G31 219
±
\._ i, on
%1)
,—•1
0
\ \\\\\ \\ r
\\ _
---- 0)
0)
__
a)
0
I')
C.)
0
a
.,-1 C)
in

a O4
cc Cc
H
H
Bep•Po puo P D sejbuo ub!è!èQ

220
NACA EM L51G31
I1
0 to o
i iIII
OD
co
CD
-±--+_J
IIIIII"" N
iIIIII±.II 2
In'
I.
t o
'-I
(1)
1)
p '-
w 0
c.J o0
oJ c.J
bep ' P 8 p1
'seibuo u5199Q
• ___

NACA RM L51G31
low** 221
------------------
---
QL
-- - --!
---,-
-
--
- ---- -- - —f--- 0 W CD oO
bep' 9 puoz, 'saibuo u!Saü

222
NACA RM L51G31
-V-
)
-- H hi
0 In
-- __\_ ----------
- -- ----H—
C^v r----
---s
'I
a)
on
o
0
jc-)
0
- I-
a)
i
. t
E r-1
00
on
on ; bep
'9 puD D 'Sa I bUD u6isaj
it
_
NACA RM L51G31 . 223
--
44
--
40 --/ -
36 --'
- --- - -
3a --- // .VI
a)
-- -
C
0
28 -
77-
---7/--
/7
ts
U)
a)
C
0
20 z 7.
C
0)
7
U)
a)
/
---. --
- /----- - ___
_---
, 4o0 r.
_ I I I
.2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4
Camber, C1 0
(e) Solidity of 1.50
Figure lii.- Concluded.
NACA-Langley - 9-14-51 - 325'

Naca Research Memorandum: National Advisory Committee For Aeronautics

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Naca Research Memorandum: National Advisory Committee For Aeronautics

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SYSTEMATIC TWO-DIMENSIONAL CASCADE TESTS OF

NACA 65-SERIES COMPRESSOR

BLADES AT LOW SPEEDS

By L. Joseph Herrig, James C. Emery,

Langley Aeronautical Laboratory

meaning of the Espionage Act USC 50.31 and 3.

NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE

SYSTEMATIC TWO-DIMENSIONAL CASCADE TESTS OF

NACA 65-SERIES COMPRESSOR

BLADES AT LOW SPEEDS

By L. Joseph Herrig, James C. Emery,

The performance of NACA 65-series. compressor blade sections in

The results of this investigation indicate a continuous variation

At a few test conditions, an upper limit to the camber that could

An index that the positive and negative limits of useful angle-of-

The design of an axial-flow compressor of high performance

Some of the information required can be obtained only by experi-

A large number of two-dimensional cascade tests have been run in

flow two-dimensional. This situation is ordinarily accepted on the

a mean-line loading designation

b blade height or span, feet

c blade chord, feet

Ca section drag coefficient

Cj section lift coefficient

C 1 camber, expressed as design lift coefficient of isolated

CN section normal-force coefficient

CNM section normal-force coefficient obtained by calculation of

CNp section normal-force coefficient obtained by integration of

C w wake momentum difference coefficient

F' force on blades, pounds

FM force on blades due to momentum change through blade row,

F force on blades due to pressure change through blade row,

Fw force on blades due to momentum difference in wake, pounds

g tangential spacing between blades, feet

P total pressure, pounds per square foot

p static pressure, pounds per square foot

q dynamic pressure, pounds per square foot

nondimensional static-pressure-rise' parameter

R Reynolds number based on blade chord

V flow velocity, feet per second

W flow velocity relative to blades, feet per second

x chordwise distance from blade leading edge, feet

y perpendicular distance from blade chord line, feet

angle between flow direction and blade chord, degrees

p3 angle between flow direction and axis, degrees

Y angle between resultant-force direction and tangential

P mass density of flow, slugs per cubic foot

a solidity, chord of blades divided by tangential spacing

a component in axial direction

d design, when used with angles

m referred to vector-mean velocity, Wm

u component in tangential , direction

s flow outside wake

1 upstream of blade row

2 downstream of blade row

APPARATUS, TEST PROGRAM, AND PROCEDURE

Description of Test Equipment

The porous material found to be most satisfactoiy is commercial

The blade family used in this investigation is formed by combining

Test Program and Procedure

Test program. - The test program was planned to provide sufficient

Test procedure.- It was shown in reference 1 that two-dimensional'