Chapter 10

10–16 Consider a 210-MW steam power plant that operates on a simple ideal Rankine
cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 10 MPa and 500°C and is cooled in the condenser at
a pressure of 10 kPa. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to saturation lines,
and determine (a) the quality of the steam at the turbine exit, (b) the thermal efficiency
of the cycle, and (c) the mass flow rate of the steam. Answers: (a) 0.793, (b) 40.2
percent, (c) 165 kg/s
10-16 A steam power plant that operates on a simple ideal Rankine cycle is
considered. The quality of the steam at the turbine exit, the thermal efficiency of the
cycle, and the mass flow rate of the steam are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 Kinetic and potential energy
changes are negligible.
Analysis (a) From the steam tables (Tables A-4, A-5, and A-6),
h1 = h f @ 10 kPa = 191.81 kJ/kg
v1 = v f @ 10 kPa = 0.00101 m3 /kg T

w p ,in = v1 (P2 − P1 )
( ) ⎛ 1 kJ ⎞ 3
= 0.00101 m 3 /kg (10,000 − 10 kPa )⎜⎜ ⎟ 10 MPa
⎝ 1 kPa ⋅ m 3 ⎟⎠ qin
= 10.09 kJ/kg 2
h2 = h1 + w p ,in = 191.81 + 10.09 = 201.90 kJ/kg
10 kPa
P3 = 10 MPa ⎫ h3 = 3375.1 kJ/kg 1 qout 4
⎬
T3 = 500 °C ⎭ s 3 = 6.5995 kJ/kg ⋅ K s
P4 = 10 kPa ⎫ s 4 − s f 6.5995 − 0.6492
⎬ x4 = = = 0.7934
s 4 = s3 ⎭ s fg 7.4996
h4 = h f + x 4 h fg = 191.81 + (0.7934)(2392.1) = 2089.7 kJ/kg

(b) q in = h3 − h2 = 3375.1 − 201.90 = 3173.2 kJ/kg

q out = h4 − h1 = 2089.7 − 191.81 = 1897.9 kJ/kg
wnet = q in − q out = 3173.2 − 1897.9 = 1275.4 kJ/kg

and
wnet 1275.4 kJ/kg
η th = = = 40.2%
q in 3173.2 kJ/kg
W& net 210,000 kJ/s
(c) m& = =
wnet 1275.4 kJ/kg
= 164.7 kg/s
 Chapter 11
11–12 A refrigerator uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid and operates on an ideal
vapor-compression refrigeration cycle between 0.12 and 0.7 MPa. The mass flow rate
of the refrigerant is 0.05 kg/s. Show the cycle on a T-s diagram with respect to
saturation lines. Determine (a) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space and
the power input to the compressor, (b) the rate of heat rejection to the environment,
and (c) the coefficient of performance. Answers: (a) 7.41 kW, 1.83 kW, (b) 9.23 kW, (c)
4.06
11-12 An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle with refrigerant-134a as the
working fluid is considered. The rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space, the
power input to the compressor, the rate of heat rejection to the environment, and the
COP are to be determined.
Assumptions 1 Steady operating conditions exist. 2 Kinetic and potential energy
changes are negligible.
Analysis (a) In an ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, the compression
process is isentropic, the refrigerant enters the compressor as a saturated vapor at the
evaporator pressure, and leaves the condenser as saturated liquid at the condenser
pressure. From the refrigerant tables (Tables A-12 and A-13),
P1 = 120 kPa ⎫ h1 = h g @ 120 kPa = 236.97 kJ/kg
⎬s = s
sat. vapor ⎭ 1 g @ 120 kPa = 0.94779 kJ/kg ⋅ K T
P2 = 0.7 MPa ⎫
⎬ h2 = 273.50 kJ/kg (T2 = 34.95°C )
·
QH
s 2 = s1 ⎭
2
3 0.7 MPa ·
P3 = 0.7 MPa ⎫ Win
⎬ h3 = h f @ 0.7 MPa = 88.82 kJ/kg
sat. liquid ⎭
h4 ≅ h3 = 88.82 kJ/kg (throttling ) 0.12 MPa
4s · 1
Then the rate of heat removal from the 4
QL

refrigerated space and the power input to s

the compressor are determined from

Q& L = m& (h1 − h4 ) = (0.05 kg/s )(236.97 − 88.82) kJ/kg = 7.41 kW
and
W& in = m& (h2 − h1 ) = (0.05 kg/s )(273.50 − 236.97 ) kJ/kg = 1.83 kW

(b) The rate of heat rejection to the environment is determined from

Q& H = Q& L + W& in = 7.41 + 1.83 = 9.23 kW

(c) The COP of the refrigerator is determined from its definition,

Q& L 7.41 kW
COPR = = = 4.06
&
Win 1.83 kW