Design of Highly Reliable Fingerprint Access Control System Based on C8051F020

Single Chip

Chunjiang Liu Fang Lv

College of Information Engineering College of Information Engineering
Inner Mongolia University of Technology Inner Mongolia University of Technology
Hohhot, China Hohhot, China
E-mail: liuchunjiang1983@yahoo.cn E-mail:lvfang@imut.edu.cn

Abstract—This paper is about a highly reliable Fingerprint

Access Control System, which is based on the single chip
C8051F020, the system adopts SM-62 Fingerprint Module
which is produced by Miaxis Biometrics Co. to enroll or verify
the fingerprint. The system provides multifunction as follows:
fingerprint access, PIN Code access, fingerprint management,
historical attendance review, etc. This system is characterized
with its anti-crack circuit design, the hardware design adopts
"dual single chips" control strategy, in this way, the security of
the system is maximum guaranteed.

Keywords-C8051F020; SM-62; fingerprint; access

I. INTRODUCTION Figure 1. Block diagram of the hardware

Evolving from unfamiliar technique into easily accessible
device to us, fingerprint technique has undergone fast SMG12864ZK LCD is used to display the Menu, user
development and come up to us with its unique strength and information, attendance records and so on. Clock chip
advantages. Various kinds of Fingerprint Lock and DS12C887 can provide time information for the system,
Fingerprint Access Control which are based on the DS12C887 can work in normal condition after power
fingerprint technique are replacing the traditional Access failure .This system can show temperature on the LCD,
devices, such as key, Access Card, PIN Code Lock. temperature information is got by the temperature sensor
This article is about a highly reliable Fingerprint Access DS18B20. Users can input English, Chinese and Arabic
Control System, which is based on the C8051F020, the numbers though the keys , the keys of this system is all
system provides multifunction as follows: fingerprint access, designed with Membrane Switch.
PIN Code access, fingerprint management, historical A. SM-62 Fingerprint Module
attendance review, etc.
This system is characterized with its anti-crack circuit
design, the hardware design adopts "dual single chips"
control strategy, in this way, the security of the system is
maximum guaranteed. The design of this system is
composed of hardware design and software design.
II. HARDWARE DESIGN
The hardware of this system concludes Single Chip
C8051F020, fingerprint module SM-62, LCD SMG-
12864ZK, keys, EEROM AT45DB041, temperature sensor
DS18B20, clock chip DS12C887, electronic lock IT-150 and
so on. The block diagram of the hardware is shown by
Figure 1.
C8051F020, which is the MCU of this Fingerprint
Access Control System, can provide 64 I/O, 2 UARTS, 64K
FLASH, besides, C8051F020 has a high speed, thus, the
performance of this System is greatly improved.
SM-62 Fingerprint Module, which is produced by Miaxis Figure 2. Appearance of SM-62
Biometrics Co., can enroll or verify fingerprint under the
Single Chip’ controlling.
978-1-4244-5586-7/10/$26.00 C 2010 IEEE

271 Volumn 3
 SM-62 Fingerprint Module, adopts optical fingerprint
sensor, it is consist of high performance DSP and Flash. It
provides functions as follows: fingerprint image processing,
fingerprint enrollment, fingerprint deletion, fingerprint
verification, templates storage, etc. Thanks to the proprietary
intellectual property rights of SM-62, the cost of the
fingerprint module is reduced largely, clearing the barricades
on the road of application of Fingerprint Access Control in
civil use. The appearance of SM-62 is shown by Figure 2.
The module communicates with the Single chip in semi-
duplex asynchronous serial method.SM-62 is connected with
C8051F020 though RS-232, by the way that is shown by
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Connections of SM-62 and C8051F020
During the process of fingerprint enrollment, the
Fingerprint Module enrolls each fingerprint twice times
though the fingerprint sensor, and then process the
fingerprint image, extract the feature of the fingerprint.
Feature data is analyzed to get a group data which character
this fingerprint most, this group data is eventually used as the
template of this fingerprint, the fingerprint template is stored
in the FLASH.
During the process of fingerprint verification, the
Fingerprint Module enrolls user's fingerprint to get the finger
feature, the Fingerprint Module compares the feature with
the fingerprint templates stored in the FLASH though a
fuzzy matching way. If a matched fingerprint template is
found, the user’s fingerprint verification is passed, the single
chip commands the Electronic Lock to open the door, and
meanwhile, the user’s ID can be got.
B. LCD SMG12864ZK
Figure 4. Connections of SMG12864ZK and C8051F020
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SMG-12864ZK is a kind of 128*64 dot-matrixes LCD
which can display Chinese and graph, built in GB2312
Simplified Chinese Font. SMG12864ZK can be connected
with CPU though two ways: 8-bit parallel connection and
Serial connection. It boasts many functions, such as cursor
display, screen shift, sleep mode, etc. In this system,
SMG12864ZK is connected with C8051F020 though parallel
connection which is shown by Figure 4.
C. Keys
This system provides 20 keys, 4 of which are Menu keys,
including <Enter>, <Esc>, <OK>, <C>. Multiple functions
can be available though these keys, such as fingerprint
enrollment, fingerprint deletion, opening door, etc, also,
users can input English, Chinese and Arabic numbers though
these keys. Keys are connected with the Single Chip though
the way that is shown by Figure 5.
· · ·
· · · · · · ·
GND
· · ·
77 78 79 80
81 · · · ·
82
· · ·
83 · · · ·
84 · · ·
C8051F020 85
86
87
88
Figure 5. Connections of keys and C8051F020
D. Electronic Lock
This system is characterized with its anti-crack circuit
design, the hardware design adopts "dual single chips"
control strategy, in this way, the security of the system is
maximum guaranteed.
The common Fingerprint Access Control System, which
boasts Man-Machine Interface, features that MCU controls
the Electronic Lock directly to open the door when user’s
fingerprint verification is passed. The controlling circuit is
easily in touch, the biggest fault for this is that Fingerprint
Access Control System is easily cracked though the
controlling circuit if there is people ill to crack the system—
just need adding a volt in the controlling circuit.
In order to get rid of the fault referred above, the
hardware design of this system adopts "dual single chips"
control strategy—anther single chip AT89C51, placed in the
back of the door, is adopted to controls the Electronic Lock
directly, AT89C51 communicates with C8051F020 though
RS232. The communication between AT89C51 and
C8051F020 is set up password, if user’s fingerprint
verification is passed, the password need to be verified
between AT89C51 and C8051F020, if the password
verification is passed, AT89C51 controls the Electronic Lock
to open the door. Thus, even the controlling circuit is in
touch, the system is still in safety, because nobody knows the
password.
C8051F020 can provide 2 UARTS, one is connected to
SM-62 Fingerprint Module, the other is connected to
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AT89C51, Electronic Lock is connected to AT89C51, and
the way of their connections is shown by Figure 6.
Figure 6. Connections of Electronic Lock and C8051F020
III. SOFTWARE DESIGN
The software design of this system includes main
program, subprogram, and the driver for hardware circuit.
The subprogram of this system includes opening-door
subprogram, fingerprint management subprogram, record
review subprogram, system setting subprogram. The
hardware circuit driver includes SM-62 driver, LCD driver,
keys driver, EEROM driver, etc.
Figure 7. Flow chart of main program
The flow chart of main program is shown by Figure 7.
After the initialization of system, C8051F020 gets
temperature and time information though DS18B20 and
DS12C887, and displays them on the LCD. During the main
program, C8051F020 constantly sends commands to SM-62
to detect whether there is finger pressure. If there is finger
pressure, the system operates the fingerprint access function.
When users want to enter the MENU, they need to press the
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key <Enter>, before entry into Menu ˈ it is the time-
temperature interface what is the displaying on the LCD.
In fact, the MENU program is called by the interruption
mode, key <Enter> is connected to the INT1 of C8051F020,
when the <Enter> is pressed, interruption program is
responded instantly. If the MENU program was called not by
the interruption mode, but scans the key <Enter> in the main
program shown by Figure 7, key <Enter> would fail
sometimes. The reason is that, it will cost certain time to read
the DS18B20 and DS12C887; also, displaying information
on the LCD will cost certain time. Thus, a long delay is
made, as a result, if scanned the key <Enter> in the main
program, it was possible that the status of the key would be
unsuccessfully stamped, making key <Enter> fail. So in this
system, the MENU program is called by the interruption
mode, avoiding the problem referred above.
The flow chart of INT1 program is shown by Figure 8.
When the key <Enter> is pressed, interruption program is
responded instantly. The Menu of this system adopt scroll
Menu, Users can move the scrollbar tough the key <>or<>
to choose the function they want, when the key <OK> is
pressed, the system operates the corresponding function.
Variable J is used to store the absolute value of difference
between two variables of A and B (A stores the times key
<> is pressed; B stores the times key <> is pressed). The
system operates corresponding function as to the value of J0.
Figure 8. Flow chart of INT1 program
IV. CONCLUSION
This paper is about a highly reliable Fingerprint Access
Control System, which provides multifunction as follows:
fingerprint access, PIN Code access, fingerprint management,
historical attendance review, etc. Users can input English,
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Chinese and Arabic numbers though the keys. Thanks to the
"dual single chips" control strategy, security of the system is
greatly improved. The Fingerprint Access Control
technology will always be a reliable and highly efficient
access control method as it is now. Fingerprint Access
Control in future will be more reliable and more diversified
in function, but with much lower price.
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