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Norwegian perspective on hydropower – The book series Hydropower

Development

Conference Paper · November 2003

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Norwegian perspective on hydropower –
The book series Hydropower Development

Ånund Killingtveit (aanund.killingtveit@bygg.ntnu.no)

Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway

ABSTRACT: The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Hydraulic

and Environmental Engineering, has recently finalized a more than 10-year long project with
the objective of covering the total sphere of topics of hydropower development. The result is a
book series consisting of 17 volumes. Both Norwegian and International experience from
more than a hundred years of hydropower development is presented here. Each volume deals
with a separate topic. The necessary theoretical foundation of each topic is set out and
followed by a description of how this is applied in practice. Most of the content in each
volume has not been published before. This means that when planning a complete course in
hydropower engineering, this series can act as a supplement to conventional textbooks. A
total of close to 50 persons have contributed to the series, as authors or in the editorial
committee, all of them with long experience in Hydropower development both in Norway and
internationally. Therefore, this series represents the most complete and most updated
reference to hydropower development today, with contents ranging from important theoretical
topics to planning, construction, operation and maintenance of large and small hydropower
projects. Numerous examples from successful projects are included. The complete book series
will be available for review at the conference.

1. INTRODUCTION

Hydropower development started early in Norway, already in 1885 the outskirts of the town Skien
enjoyed the supply of electricity from a near-by hydropower station. The very first municipal power
supply system was opened in 1891 in Hammerfest, a small town on Norway’s Arctic coast. The source
of supply was hydropower. Since this early start hydropower resources were developed rapidly both
for industrial and public use. Already in 1920, all towns received electricity and 64% of Norway’s
population lived in houses served with electricity. At this stage practically all electricity was produced
by hydropower. Today there are 740 hydropower plants with an installed capacity of 27 570 MW and
an average production of 118 TWh/year. More than 99% of electricity production in Norway still
comes from hydropower.

Hydropower planning, design, construction and operation therefore has a history of more than 100
years in Norway, and a vast experience have been accumulated at power companies, consultants and
research institutions. Norway’s particular natural characteristics and the pressing demand for
economical and environmental friendly design have given rise to methods and solutions that represent
major advances in hydropower technology and which are widely applicable to hydropower schemes in
other countries.
Hydropower planning and development covers a wide range of topics. Knowledge of technology,
economics and environment is needed. Not all of this knowledge has been properly documented and
there are few, if any, recent textbooks dealing with all the topics involved. This situation has been the
impetus for the present work. The book project was started around 1990, and has taken more than 10
years to complete when we now, in 2003, finally can present the complete series of 17 books.

The embodiment of Norwegian hydropower experience is this book series not only meet the needs for
Norwegian engineers, but it will also be of great value to engineers engaged in the planning,
construction and operation of hydropower plants elsewhere in the world. Although hydropower
technology is a global one, the series reflects mainly Norwegian experience. This is due to Norway's
extensive exploitation of hydropower resources, encouraged by the local topography, geology and
climate.

The series is the work of more than 40 authors, under the supervision of a seven person editing
committee who has selected the topics for each volume and its contents. It is thus the result of a
very substantial collective effort. Nonetheless it is appropriate to highlight the work of a few persons
who contributed more than any other to the realization of this series. First among these is Professor
Dagfinn K. Lysne who had started the project and was the leader of the editorial committee until his
death in January 2000. It is very sad that he died before he could see the results of his work, when it is
now complete. Håvard Berge has been coordinator and scientific adviser and Michael Fergus
language consultant during the whole project.

2. BRIEF PRESENTATION OF THE 17 VOLUMES

The complete series of books consists of 17 volumes, covering the most important topics within the
field of hydropower development. Each volume deals with a separate topic. The theoretical basis for
each topic is set out and followed by a description of how it is applied in each discipline in practice.
Each volume is thus a distillation of current thinking and practice within this particular topic. In total,
the series consists of nearly 2300 pages.

The titles of the 17 volumes, the authors, the year of printing and the number of pages in the
volume are summarized below and in the next page. See also Figure 1.

Volume 1 Hydropower development in Norway

By Vidkunn Hveding (1992, 83p)

Volume 2 Coordinating Hydropower and Thermal Power

By Ingvald Haga (1997, 88p)
Volume 3 Environmental Effects
By Erik Helland-Hansen, Truls Holtedal and Kåre Arnstein Lye (1995, 172 p)

Volume 4 Landscape Design in Hydropower Planning

By Knut Ove Hillestad (1992, 83p)

Volume 5 Planning and Implementation of Hydropower Projects

By Jarle Ravn (1992, 177p)

Volume 6 Economic and Financial Analysis of Hydropower Projects

By Kurt Goldsmith (1993, 195p)

Volume 7 Hydrology
By Ånund Killingtveit and Nils Roar Sælthun (1995, 213p)

Volume 8 Hydraulic Design

By Dagfinn Lysne, Brian Glover, Håkon Støle and Einar Tesaker (2003, 193p)

Volume 9 Rock Engineering

Bjørn Nilsen and Alf Thidemann (1993, 156p)

Volume 10 Rockfill Dams

By Bjørn Kjærnsli, Tore Valstad and Kaare Höeg (1992, 144p)

Volume 11 Concrete in Hydropower Structures

By Erlend Kleivan, Gunnar Kummeneje and Alf Lyngra (1994, 125p)

Volume 12 Mechanical Equipment

By Leif Vinogg and Ivar Eldstad (2003, 100p)

Volume 13 Electrical Equipment

By Erling Westgaard, Alf Kristian Enger, Hans Jørgen Mellbye,
Jostein Sonstad, Øyvind Torkildsen and Sverre Vikanes (1994, 152p)

Volume 14 Underground Powerhouses and High Pressure Tunnels

By Sverre Edvardsson and Einar Broch (2002, 101p)

Volume 15 Construction Management

By Aslak Ravlo (2003, 87p)

Volume 16 Transmission and Distribution

By Magnar Ervik and Kjell Sand (2003, 136p)

Volume 17 Maintenance Strategies

By Thomas G. Wiborg (2002, 68p)
Figure 1 The 17 volumes in the series Hydropower Development
3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION – SOME EXAMPLES

It is not possible to give a detailed description of the contents in each book here. A summary
of contents can be found on the Internet on the project’s home page

http://www.bygg.ntnu.no/ivb/hpd/

In order to show some of the contents three of the books are presented in more detail below.

Volume 1: Hydropower development in Norway

This is an introduction to the series. The book provides a background for

the development of hydropower technology and distribution as it has taken
place in Norway. Many of the technical aspects will be covered in greater
depth in the other volumes in the series. An overview is given of the
exploitation of hydropower in Norway from its modest beginnings in 1885
and until today. Among the topics covered are the climatic, topographic,
geologic and other conditions that are prevalent in Norway. They have
determined the development of the technology and the way the electric
energy sector has evolved. There are descriptions of some of the major
projects, both older ones and more recent ones.

Volume 3: Environmental Effects

This volume deals with environmental consequences of hydropower

development, both positive and negative, in an international perspective.
The emphasis is on identifying possible consequences and on implying
remedial or mitigating measures at the planning stage. Methods are
proposed on how to put a value on intangible effects to ensure that they are
properly incorporated in a benefit/cost analysis. Categories of
Environmental Assessment Procedures and Guidelines are discussed. The
EIA process and in particular UNDP’s suggestion for EIA procedures in
developing countries are described in detail. Also Norwegian practice for
concession and licensing and EIA’s role in this process is described. A
number of examples from case studies in different countries are included.

Volume 8: Hydraulic Design

The book deals with the theory of hydraulic design and design strategies
for different structures in hydropower systems, such as intakes,
spillways, energy dissipation structures, penstocks, tunnels, and
sedimentation traps. Operating problems in connection with unsteady
flow situations, air intrusion, and ice formation are analysed. Problems
associated with other user interests are also considered, such as fish
ladders and timber transport. Sediment transport and sediment handling
is described in detail, both from a theoretical and practical viewpoint.
Recent techniques in sediment handling are described in detail. The
book also includes a discussion on the use of numerical models and
physical laboratory models.
 4. SALES AND DISTRIBUTION

The books are generally sold only in complete sets of 17 volumes. The price is currently USD 500 for
each set, plus mailing and distribution costs. Those who have already bought some of the volumes
may order individual volumes to complete their sets. The price for individual volumes is USD 50 each.
To order please contact:

Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)

Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering
Attn: Hilbjørg Sandvik
N-7491 Trondheim

Orders can also be placed by E-mail to: hilbjorg.sandvik@bygg.ntnu.no

Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) and Norwegian Water Resources and
Energy Directorate (NVE) have sponsored the project and a number of sets has been earmarked for
free distribution to selected public institutions, universities etc in developing countries. In order to
receive free copies please send an application to the address above, describing the purpose of use and
the number of sets needed.

The selection of institutions qualified for free sets will be decided by representatives from NTNU,
NVE and NORAD.

REFERENCES

Lysne D.K/Killingtveit Å. (Editors): Hydropower Development, Volume 1-17

Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
N-7491 Trondheim, Norway

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