SO SÁNH (Comparisons)

1. So sánh ngang bằng

Hình thức so sánh bằng nhau được thành lập bằng cách thêm "as" vào trước và sau tính
từ: AS + adj/adv +AS
Ví dụ: Nam is as tall as his father.
This box is as heavy as that one.
2. So sánh hơn
a. Với những tính từ một âm tiết (tính từ ngắn): thêm -er vào sau tính từ + than
Ví dụ:
You are taller than I am
Tom is stronger than his brother
b. Với những tính từ có từ hai âm tiết trở lên (tính từ dài): thêm more + tính từ + than
ví dụ:
The first problem is more difficult than the second
3. So sánh hơn nhất
a. Với tính từ chỉ có một âm tiết (tính từ ngắn)
"the + adj + -est"
Ví dụ: He is the tallest in his family
That was the happiest day of my life.
b. Với những tính từ có từ hai âm tiết trở lên (tính từ dài)
"the + most + adj"
Ví dụ: Mary is the most beautiful girl in my class
* Để chỉ so sánh kém nhất, chúng ta có thể dùng "The least" để chỉ mức độ kém nhất :
ví dụ: That film is the least interesting of all.
Chú ý:
• Nếu tính từ tận cùng bằng e, chúng ta chỉ thêm -r hoặc -st mà thôi:
Nice - nicer - nicest
Large - larger - largest
• Nếu tính từ gốc tận cùng bằng phụ âm +y và trước nó là một phụ âm, chúng ta đổi y
thành i trước khi thêm -er hoặc -est:
Happy - happier - happiest Easy - easier - easiest

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Nhưng nếu tính từ tận cùng bằng nguyên âm + y, và trước nó là một nguyên âm thì y vẫn
được giữ nguyên:
Gay - gayer - gayest
Gray - grayer - grayest
• Nếu tính từ gốc chỉ có một âm và tận cùng bằng một nguyên âm + một phụ âm , chúng
ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm trước khi thêm –er hoặc -est
Hot - hotter - hottest
Big- bigger - biggest
4. Tính từ có hình thức so sánh đặc biệt.
Good/ Well - better - best
Old - older/ elder - older/oldest
Bad - worse - worst
Much/ many - more - most
Little - less - least
Far - farther/further - farthest/furthest
• Father dùng để chỉ khoảng cách (hình tượng):
Hue city is father from Hanoi than Vinh city is.
• Futher, ngoài việc dùng để chỉ khoảng cách, còn có nghĩa thêm nữa (trừu tượng):
I'll give you further details.
I would like to further study.
Please research it further.

6. So sánh bội số : So sánh bội số là so sánh: hafl, twice, three times…

Khi so sánh phải xác định danh từ là đếm được hay không đếm được, để sử dụng
many/much

S + V +số lần + as +much/ many + as +S2 +V2

This encyclopedy costs twice as much as the other one.

Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year.

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 I. EXERCISE 1

Fill in the correct adverb form (comparative or superlative) of the adjectives in brackets.

1. I speak English (fluent) now than last year.

2. She greeted me (polite) of all.

3. She smiled (happy) than before.

4. This girl dances (graceful) of all.

5. Could you write (clear) ?

6. Planes can fly (high) than birds.

7. He had an accident last year. Now, he drives (careful) than before.

8. Jim can run (fast) than John.

9. Our team played (bad) of all.

10. He worked (hard) than ever before.

II. EXERCISE 2
Put in the adjective in bold from the first sentence into the second sentence in its correct form
(comparative or superlative).

Example: I have a fast car, but my friend has a ______ car.

Answer: I have a fast car, but my friend has a faster car.

1) This is a nice cat. It's much than my friend's cat.

2) Here is Emily. She's six years old. Her brother is nine, so he is .
3) This is a difficult exercise. But the exercise with an asterisk (*) is the exercise
on the worksheet.
4) He has an interesting hobby, but my sister has the hobby in the world.
5) In the last holidays I read a good book, but father gave me an even one last
weekend.
6) School is boring, but homework is than school.
7) Skateboarding is a dangerous hobby. Bungee jumping is than skateboarding.
8) This magazine is cheap, but that one is .
9) We live in a small house, but my grandparents' house is even than ours.
10) Yesterday John told me a funny joke. This joke was the joke I've ever heard.

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III. EXERCISE 3
1) My father is heavy. My uncle is much than my father.
2) The test in Geography was easy, but the test in Biology was .
3) Florida is sunny. Do you know the place in the USA?
4) Stan is a successful sportsman, but his sister is than Stan.
5) My mother has a soft voice, but my teacher's voice is than my mother's.
6) Amy has a beautiful baby, but my daughter has the baby on earth.
7) I live in a large family, but my grandfather lived in a family.
8) We have only little time for this exercise, but in the examination we'll have even
time.
9) Lucy is clever, but Carol is than Lucy.
10) Have you visited the old castle? It was the castle we visited during our
holidays.

TELEVISION
Here in Egypt, television has a powerful hold over people's minds. It is an instrument of leisure,
of information and - to a very limited extent – of culture. It does not stop people reading
newspapers or books, going to the cinema or theatre or watching videos. But these activities are

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occasional, irregular and ultimately of secondary importance. Television is one of the main
subjects of conversation, at school, in offices, at home and in the street, as well as being written
about in all the newspapers. It might be said that the main objective of television is to persuade
the maximum number of people to watch it for the maximum amount of time. And how
effectively the sitcoms and soap operas do that! I do not think that I have ever seen any other
country so totally dominated by these shows. Some of them are Egyptian productions but the
majority is American. Each episode, each programme, is a talking point for everyone, young and
old alike.
1: Which is the main idea of the passage?
A. Television, an instrument of leisure.
B. Television, the rest of the media and American soaps.
C. Television, the main subjects of conversation.
D. Television and its use.
2: What does television have over people's mind?
A. A picture. B. An influence. C. An impression. D. A limit.
3: At school or in offices, television is considered as a topic _____.
A. for people to talk about B. for learning
C. for discussion D. for entertainment
4: What might the main objective of television be?
A. To waste time.
B. To get people away from their free time.
C. To allow much time for many people to watch it.
D. To get people away from their work.
5: How often are the sitcoms and soap operas shown on TV?
A. Usually. B. Sometimes. C. Rarely. D. Never.

Most people think of computers as very modern inventions, products of our new technological
age. But actually the idea for a computer had been worked out over two centuries ago by a man
(1)_____ Charles Babbage. Babbage was born in 1791 and grew up to be a brilliant

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mathematician. He drew up plans for several calculating machines which he called "engines".
But despite the fact that he (2)_____ building some of these, he never finished any of them. Over
the years people have argued (3) _____ his machines would ever work. Recently, however, the
Science Museum in London has finished building (4) _____ engine based on one of Babbage's
designs. (5) _____ has taken six years to complete and more than four thousand parts have been
specially made. Whether it works or not, the machine will be on show at a special exhibition in
the Science Museum to remind people of Babbage's work.
1: A. called B. known C. written D. recognized
2: A. wanted B. made C. started D. missed
3: A. why B. whether C. though D. until
4: A. an B. that C. the D. some
5: A. One B. They C. It D. He
NEW WORDS

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 Read the instruction and the heading first so that you know what kind of text you are going
to read. This will also tell you the subject of the text.
Check what kind of reading exercises you have to do: multiple choices, matching headings,
True- False, so on. Defining the type of the reading exercises will help you determine the
essential reading skills to deal with them.
Two important reading skills are: scanning and skimming. Scanning is the skill of looking
for the general information, key words or ideas. Skimming is the skill of finding out the
specific information.
Read the questions before reading the text.
Underline, circle, cross out or note down the important ideas, words, phrases in the text
when you are reading.
Choose your answers.
Make educated guess which is based on evidence and knowledge you already have. Don’t
leave any answers blank.
Check your answers.

1 Read the instruction and the heading first so that you know what kind of text you are going to
read. This will also tell you the subject of the text.
2 Check what kind of reading exercises you have to do: multiple choices, matching headings,
True- False, so on. Defining the type of the reading exercises will help you determine the
essential reading skills to deal with them.
3 Two important reading skills are: scanning and skimming. Scanning is the skill of looking for
the general information, key words or ideas. Skimming is the skill of finding out the specific
information.
4 Read the questions before reading the text.
5 Underline, circle, cross out or note down the important ideas, words, phrases in the text when
you are reading.
6 Choose your answers.
7 Make educated guess which is based on evidence and knowledge you already have. Don’t leave
any answers blank.
8 Check your answers.

MỘT SỐ BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU TIẾNG ANH

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VI- Read the followings and choose the best option to fill the gaps.
Ann Johnson has worked at this college for three years. She is a responsible employee and gets
onwell with the other members of the department. We have all found her to be an excellent
(1)______. She is always on time for work. She is an extremely (2)______ staff member who is
able to work independently. I can always rely on her creative thinking. Her students often tell me
how kind she is. She is always ready to help with a smile and she is cheerful to all of them. In
private, she is not very talkative (3)______ seems rather shy. Her work is excellent, and she is
determined to (4)______. She is also quite ambitious and has applied for the position of Director
of Studies. I think that you can count (5)______ Ann to make your school a success and I
recommend her for the post of Director.
1: A. employer B. adult C. student D. colleague
2: A. reliable B. lazy C. stubborn D. selfish
3: A. therefore B. as C. so D. and
4: A. help B. use C. succeed D. fail
5: A. to B. with C. for D. on
VII- Read the followings and choose the best option to complete these
sentences.
Out in the Pacific Ocean, 3,700 kilometres from Los Angeles, are the islands of Hawaii, the
fiftiethstate of the United States, with its area of 16,700 square kilometres. The first Hawaiians
arrived from other Pacific islands sometime around 100 A.D. Then in 1778, Captain Cook
visited Hawaii. He put the islands on his maps of the Pacific Ocean. Then more shipsknew
Hawaii and began stopping there for supplies. In 1820, a small group of people from the eastern
United States came to teach the Hawaiian people about Christianity. They started farms to grow
sugar cane and pineapples. Because there were not enough people to do all the farm work, farm
owners brought in Asians – Chinese, Japanese, and Filipinos. Later Koreans, Portuguese, and
Puerto Ricans also came. More people came from the U.S. mainland and from other Pacific
islands, and Hawaii became an island with traditions from several countries. People from
the various national groups have married each other, so today the groups are partly mixed.
Hawaiians are very friendly and always welcome visitors. They celebrate traditional Chinese,
Japanese, and Filipino holidays as well as holidays from the United States. Hawaii is known as
the . Aloha State. “Aloha” means “hello”, “goodbye”, and “I love you” in Hawaiian.
1: Hawaii is _______ square kilometres in area.
A. 16,700 B. 1,820 C. 2,500 D. 3,700
2: More ships knew Hawaii through _______ and stopped there for supplies.
A. Christopher Columbus B. Christians
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C. Captain Cook’s maps D. Japanese visitors
3: In the early 19th century, many Asians were taken to Hawaii _______.
A. to go fishing B. to do the farm work C. to visit attractions D. to be
holidaymakers
4: Today the various national groups are _______.
A. living in different societies B. partly mixed
C. completely separated D. completely mixed
5: According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. All Hawaiian people have come from Asia.
B. Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean, 3,700 kilometres from Los Angeles.
C. Hawaii is the fiftieth state of the United States.
D. Captain Cook came to Hawaii in 1778.
VIII- Read the followings and choose the best option to complete these
sentences.
Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are young children.
Others are teenagers. Many are adults. Some learn at school. Others study by themselves. A few
learn English just by hearing the language in films, on television, in the office or among their
friends. But not many are lucky enough to do that. Most people must work hard on their lessons
to learn another language. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their
subjects. They study their own language, mathematics and English. In England, America or
Australia, many boys and girls study their own language, which is English, mathematics and
another language, perhaps French, German or Spanish. Many adults learn English because it is
useful for their work. Teenagers often learn English for their higher studies because some of
their books are in English at the college or university. Others people learn English because they
want to read newspapers or magazines in English.
1.According to the writer __________.
A. English is useful only to adults B. no children like learning English
C. only teenagers learn English D. English is learned by many generations
2. Most people learn English by __________.
A. watching videos only B. hearing the language in this office
C. talking with the film stars D. working hard on their lessons
3. Many boys and girls learn English because __________.
A. English can give them a job B. their parents make them do it
C. they have to study their own language D. it is included in their study courses
4. In America and Australia, many school children study __________.
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A. their own language and no foreign language
B. such foreign languages as French, German or Spanish
C. English and mathematics only
D. English as a foreign language
5.Many adults learn English because __________.
A. they want to go abroad B. it is useful for their work
C. most of their books are in English D. they want to read newspapers in English
SAVE THE EARTH!
We are all slowly (1)_______ the Earth. The seas and rivers are too dirty to swim in. There is so
much smoke in the air that it is unhealthy to live in many of the world’s cities. In one well –
known city, for example, poisonous gases (2) _______ cars pollute the air so much that traffic
policemen have to wear oxygen masks. We have cut down (3) _______ trees that there are now
vast areas of wasteland all over the world. As a result, farmers in parts of Africa cannot grow
enough (4) ________. In certain countries in Asia thereis too little rice. Moreover, we do not
take enough care of the countryside. Wild animals are quickly disappearing. For instance, tigers
are rare in India now because we have killed too many for them. However, it isn’t enough
simply to talk about the problem. We must act now before it is too late to do
(5)______about it. Join us now. Save the Earth!
1. A. destroyed B. destroying C. destroys D. destroy
2. A. by B. from C. of D. in
3. A. so much B. so few C. so little D. so many
4.A. eating B. to eat C. for eat D. to be eaten
5. A. anything B. nothing C. everything D. something
X- Read the passage then decide whether each of the sentences below is true or false.
New Year’s Eve is on 31 December, the last day before the New Year begins. In many places
people go to parties, bars or restaurants with their friends in the evening. In London, people go to
Trafalgar Square. Just before midnight, they look at the clock and together they count the last ten
seconds before the New Year begins. Many people drink a glass of champagne, light some
fireworks or dance until the sun comes up.
1. 31 December is the last day of the year.
2. In many places people go to parties, bars with friends on New Year’s Day.
3. On New Year’s Eve, Londoners go to Trafalgar Square and just before
midnight, together they count the last ten minutes of the year.
4. Many people light some fireworks or dance until the sun rises.

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