Transfer function stability is solely determined by its denominator.

The roots of a
denominator are called poles.

Poles located in the left half-plane are stable while poles located in the right half-plane
are not stable.

The reasoning is very simple: the Laplace operator "s", which is location in the Laplace
domain, can be also written as:

Left half-plane has negative sigma.

For a first-order system, the following transfer function corresponds to this time domain
differential equation:

Consider a step change as the input:

Hence:

The output converges to 0.2, a steady-state and stable value.