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    © All Rights Reserved
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    26 views15 pages

    Beef and Cattle Nutritional Care

    Uploaded by

    Ivy Dianne Pascual

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 15
    Nutrition. ‘Nattonis ton understood est fecng eet with ushage ‘nd concentrate. However, rain comprises a pocaseoe ft fclocion ane utizatonotteedtomansn Hacrpedeso spre In ‘be animal ution nes eating bavi proherson ageston, absorption, culation respon metals and excretion, Nut ttonever inporart asitatlets he animal perfomance. The ily ‘of aati project aapends great on proper nun Nutrients and Their Functions Nuss are chenical compounds used he animal mairtonance ‘nd producton. The baie classes of nurs te wer, cacy hates, pas, pets, minors, and vain Water ‘The bodys composed of SOW-75% wat. Tho water crtart the ‘ody vals wih age aed conn (oye ot see). Wee the capes Du tho most portant onions. te functors os tatowe: 1 Witorin tho fem ot savant mounhsipsin preparing ty foods for swalowing,pssge, digestion and ection + Hobs ino oman of mi and new tasuas dung youth and pegnancy 4s Pagustes bod temperature 1 Aas reac of mary metabole reactors inte body “Te hee war Sourcos fo the animal ave inking wet, water contained nthe feed, and metab water mat eal ean ensure an average out 45 Hers Wat ada. However, wt ensurgtonvareswihiheszeottnesnes, enronnerts pers ‘te, ara typo of fod, Carbohydrates CCatoterats contain carbon, hysrogen, and cxygen, Substances of tis goupincuse siglo sugar starch andeshacee. Carbonyaatee mato up cbout 75% of parts ry wag ar stad ine fer of Sar On coed gare) er calsace (bw prion of pares). In rsrart, cafboytaes to tonto inthe rn by miro ‘aris toyed veal ay acs (ace, propione, and bye) Wet arouilzedby tra arial as enery source Tus, caonyartes (Bethe mayor sour ot energy nthe atin, pias peace a wide varity of substances which vary rm simple shot han tay acs to very complex metecdos. Aipds ae recube Veto and souble mero air organ campounes. Fay aids Sha vigyeoraos as and os) ave wo most mga ods anal anon Fats te raion prove 2.25 unas mare eng than carey. ates. However, het ovelin tron shodsbe ites bocasa ‘tasharmulotetonfbr dgeaton Beocos providngaconcorted fox of energy, fas ard ols sul essen lay ecds othe ar, Protein -Atprotensreconoredat subunits caledaninoacis Prothane Ware functions inthe body a) stuctura, as @ component ot sot Yasons, muscle, colagen, and eas, 8) enzyme ag. geaive ‘raymes: ¢) Peemanal eg snl) vanspon, eg, hemogobi 8) ‘eters, og immune Bois; aa) gone mtr 9, gona “Taba need sino ass rurtatherthanpcio Amino ct are Served tom stay prcens and used by the BOO) To Syrinosze ts own prin. Fr ruminants, he delay pr. can be {rokan down inthe rumen and be canted fo mero ten, ‘esutingina change in amo as patio. However, here ae sone Datei which escape turin degradation ar ae cal "y-pass ote or "escape prot. Tey rman act ut ey reach the Sbomasum and sralresina whece ay we aged yd aro soe ‘Besides digesting tay potens, microorganisms inthe rman can convert nenprten nitogen (eg, wea) to mctobal preter, ‘Tere, netaalprotaneschingine sbemasun ard smal tesine (5's combination of "by-pass pice ae meri pot. tng ‘maitonae ad ea gosto, fo miro prooncan sup he ‘Erin aid ede ofthe animal Howaver, dung growth, and te ‘ostton and ltt suplomertal deta potan especialy nose that ean pow oy aass prt must be supe othe sre Meals ar inexgane compounds in the bod. Mina lemons we (gonetly vdeo to two alegre: naxomeras (gure ina ay lage rear), ra moines race miners otod 9 ‘ry small owas)" Maerommerais lu elem, prosphone, Dotsestum, sade, ching, eur and magnesium Moneta [euae cope, ton selena eobak, mangas, a, 2 ato. ‘enum, ini oy, meal uncon a cmponert of bones 28 toatn (pricy caian and phosphors), conporert of ogane ‘anpounde (coosymes metab ease) agregar O80 base balance and osmote prose. Ingerera rage base cts fe ood sources ocaumbut pot scutes of phospas. In praca Tecan, superna seu ‘osphots sould be gv the anal Those areorgans scostancs needed the animals smallamouts. However, hay poy an poate n martasneg wi Neat an proastnty he animal. Vitamin ao dod tot lage SuD- (oops taste vans (AO. €, Kj and water sous wares fone Forruminares, vars A.D, and stuido provided ethene food or as ryocaci, War sive warns and vane K ca bo "yreneized by mcrorgarseme nthe vue, Upon gestion of thes Ilroorgarsems water sil arse we aed yt Si Nutrient Requirements “Toki andamourt tubes requ an anal are dering by ts physiol activites. ‘escipion of saveral physiological activites and the nutes ‘equted ae as olows: markanance, gow. rpreducton, aac Maintenance ‘Tso body processes eqitedtokeep he anniv and ay = no las or Gn of wai po work, dvelapr 0 ts, oF odin no prods. Inmaitenanc, ery requred to support ‘asa metabolism, mala body tamper ers rarmal acy to uainfoodandwate Protons quest earepar a badytaes, ile minerals are roedod 0 ropes ost ones. All aries xe ooded or martanance cue ota inatverert most metaboe ‘Gronths gonealy neasuodin tes of he sour of wight gained vis duced rtotwostages owing andinisingerfatonrg. nthe (owing sige. erandinetease in muacie, bore, organs. and came fe tchoeis cbse. Curing ering sage pod at Patan f the major natin equted asing te rowing sage Energy is requred to suppor prctan syriess Fort smro aces. boris, copecily talc and posphorus axe needa Yr one formation viarans ae requted n metabo process related fo rin tization Ter male, Bone, organ. en eernecve ase own Fhshinger aterng she dopostion tuned energyinthe rm ota watinonebo0y tssuos.Fateneg malo the meat sty att bocauso othe dopaiton ot ramus aor martin Fae ‘Sons thomos cosy frm ot gan neste, Reltveylxgeamesr of ‘Seca tama Gwe mn) wi ata it depose to have an adequate arg Ehelgy st aor ‘aire rtatonng. Reqeronste ahr nant sve the neode {oxmartenance se italy sna ate prodation ter tispostio marin young anes win no weit gan for shart pres of ime. atoning prod of ‘Subnorat gowth due o energy testickoe, most youn animal wi ‘an lstr than real whan von adationl energy, nerd Sgt oa nr tm wry on elegy Reproduction Nuarors sup othe anima ble and ster beecng have an Impetantetect ons veal eprouaive etic). Nuit asion for reeing wou osu seit, ow fry, and tale, ‘estaish ocmartan pregnancy. Aer beading mart etre ‘te mmove camogingin late progancy ann ea pregnancy. ergy ‘ods are more rica rng lst ena ud athe prograrey age Prean copii nthe Sass feta memeranes reason sila 10 energy vereace wih stge of pregnancy: olan more ‘tel for the fae Sovelopment in hw te stage’ ot prognaney. ‘Stuy, minerals especialy cam andphesphona eee 1 reproduction andthe roqutemartsireaso wih sage o regency tame Aisingarartinmartaringta ing tor eproducot or. ‘x detconey a toodng decreases conception res. Lactation igh lovls of mik production ate nama assoc wh diy com ‘Adega ak posse, one det hand sser sere ‘roduconin bet catia, Nuits requte for max pasion shou Popopotionediothe amouett mk posiced. Energy aout tik tad nctoe lomason. as wal os rik prota syehoss. Cate ‘wahlow level protein poss rtf mk thao wa ele Tigh proto plouce more rik. Mra such as aun ar Poephor, and vars re essai componarts of rik a must Ee cuppted nthe det ofiacang arene Nobo requtemarts foe! catlo (Appendix D) ince the mount fy mat, eregy etl digest ruvirt or TON), ttt (ota, cau and phoephows roquod daly for martanance, (row, eproduston, an ectaton. However a a5) 1 emonbe ‘lef humo" may eso besedto sterminatneanourt ty mater ‘naumption ofan ermal Tha mourt try maser Wa Can be ‘carmumod i quali 2 ofthe boy wot mature eal, 2% ot {he body woigt ofa woven ol stow, pal, oF Bu dO othe ‘oay wei of yoaring x younger ar Feed Resources Pasture, Crop Residues, and Agoindusrial By-Products Fox catepoducten, halon esouce bases made upal gassiands, ‘ltvelod pasture, waede and cop resi Rem Soplanes, aaa (hoor partaion and agonal byprocets Grassands ard ‘Hlvetod patos pay agntcat rol proving feds for ara ‘ypecatiepatucton. Thobackyeatypoct option essay Soper: (aon hecoeso patie grasses, tt etalk toes supcod by eop residues and woods fom Copan "Append shows sane avast op esos and arandstil products nthe coer rons ote courey The aval of ‘op reso dope one coping pat ne regions. On he ‘ier hand te masbity dl agiongustialy pots copes nthe \Geaton of procesang part lang rere agleutaal products. ‘Agond.etalby proausewinnghisedng alvencissewalbrowa’s ‘gain precpee pul, soya pup. tonato pup, and banana jes. Cato procucers can devi tooing str tat take average of ‘tose avaiao tod resources inh aly “Te nai cerpoatont somecanmen cughges and conan luatos sod in tw couty me presered in Aopondoos Ferd {espectvay. The value resented cn be usad nthe formation of ‘atone orca ‘Stage ‘The Phuppine climates gonaraly charctrzodby tee cry andwet seasons. Tes imate variation tings abod excess herbage auing Fay ments ano wasp auingay meres. Sige mating core ‘Ssouontrapretsem of erste fedeuppy rouge toutby wat and ‘ry seasons. Esta food dung te wet aaron can be proceed na tbo supplement scarce focd rng ry mors. However, chy Improved gases or rss logue combos canbe uscto make {good lope. Nawopastue grasses sh a cogon or bagolbok ‘at goed mater atsgp mating, Urea in Cate ations ‘Nonpotein nitrogen (NPN). All animals requte peta for normed (row ane toy lsue developmen Bee cata long ta a clase ot Sima cates urine. This geup has tha unique sty to ico Gitar NPN to moat pat of hae pron reqaremets, Cte havo @ ‘earcompartnont somach the lfpet ot wich the aver, whichis Inhabited by bios of bacata tang. and protcron. ‘These mon (anisms ombl the anal o uze ay NPN. int tune the [NPN is broken down (nectzed to armani nivogon wich ‘mcroorgarismauseto butte own codes at produ (artes) ‘mcrobia poten. Tho mierobos pass ttm te urea othe lower (Gastovtosinaltvawheretney ate aguted by thohoxt ana. Wha themerobsprtanis agosiod, amine ands zerloased. Ararovcise fale absorbed reo to ood steam oe sia Commercial sources of NPN. In ether cout, wa, bx, ‘danmonien phospho, and ammeter are he moet om mon sources NPN to incorporate to ctl raion However, the Preps yar gat wee avait nan souco CCaeutng ence prota content of urea. Commercial aie: rade rea contains 48h rtvogen.Tconver open urea crs Potanequtatare simpy mip te pecentagect open inure y 1.25 average proton corte 16% aon Example: Uiea (4% ntoger 45x 6.25 = 281 enue rte ‘utter “Tris mean that hg wes pondes 281g ease protein equa: Balancing rations win ura. When ing zoatoepiae expansive proton sources nce (or ruminant ingens odessa the {otowing may bo wed as gues Add rea stoves of sou 16 oft tala ry ration 29 othe concariate mote or 25-90% oft etal tary roger ‘The realovtintacoreenate metre canbe rere ‘rom 3 plates ingore, aos molasoss cused, ‘tnd tal tbe mote i td rate sal proprton ‘oghane “+ Cano shout be proviod wih adequate amounts fray Svat cubryeratos of eery. mots, aed vain Proper a escort us of woe "These uvort are edad by meroorganamsi bung boo protintom te ntlogan supplied oy ures, Molasses = ‘8 good source of bth onegy and miner. Nowe!25 hg wea, 45g molasos and 18 or wa, “+ Crude rotensuepemerts wih wea cheaper than these ‘whe ua, Precautions when fecing urea. ion shouts be totaly mixes win aon The ation must be te fay tanps of wre athe ‘Zima wil ve armors tovty when he cones argo amount {1 Has cso wa toc range om drowsiness 0 excess ‘ava, ging ated, even coat in erg toa a Hood, sbcly observe tho folowing: animals ‘ion cra your edt se al a ek SPU kb gen NY food must be edeque, 88 etake must be cortoled, and an ‘agian pores must bo prondod ‘Ura ut nyt se as fod, ree, one is adios to do some reas blo using Feeding Systems Inca focing, wo 2ytoms can be uted a /ougrage,e comb Iaton ofrougrage and concecete The vais ot aughge, cost ‘teoncetate, ype of positon aystom, and procetve stage othe final are acts onucg the che othe oon 610M. ‘AL Foughage Feeding System Roughoge i dot a ond whichis lative ghia fer andiow in {ata geste nis, Wincdeskragoe ether grass oe Inte fom of paste hetage soiage (8) sage, Pay. and ep residues suc as ie raw. com sive, sijarcane ops. andthe. In etngie cable progucion syst (anc ype), cate ae si fod roughage raten ite om of pasture gassss wih or wou logurespariculy dung te wet season when gasses aod 1.8. Catia eadng on roan roughans In etonsive oF backyard production system, rughage is usly suppledinhetormersologecr gon cnoporbyeherngte ana. ‘using surmer months wan paste grasses or goon chop a ‘cace, tougnaga fad nthe orm cf ge, May, of wheter Crop ‘good auty grass logue mise can support mairtanance and moderato growth cfcarlo Nowove, uigie prods oad row Ite gestation, ander lctaton when he pron needs i ana ‘eaghageraloncarnot meetnerequrements othe eal, Sia, _sioughage fein snc enough lg hw fers sage when ‘arg oquromert igh oughage-Concenirate Feeding System Concerttates artes which conan igh iste ene ow toe, ‘spanghoriow peton Thoy elo ae (eor, srg) teas (soybean eal, cotonsoed meal, copra mea), some root ips (cas: ‘Sova, and gianby-prodaas fice whoa econ bre, crn glsenlood, fean Guten meal tenes sport gan (a 9). Concertos we ‘sui in.doain cao rans toinereacetho anor sauce Pitoer teh concent, ono carer rand, erease to prtoncorartine “The amour olconcertelobe nerpatedin tne raion depends onthe avalabiay ae qulty othe rouprage prea ole concert 1 F a Fig. 2. Cate eaing n rae brewers spent gran. en | ‘and preucton ov f atl tobe fs. High val concert inthe {Gal fatonisrcommonded dug surat rts when gassos re Scarce ar cop escues ero oten lod es ood. Sina. conct™ tate suplemeriatons needed Tas owing armas an thos n fay lactaion Fatoueg @ trishg cate fegute high ancurt of nergy tus acamtinaiondl nergy scheoncenate surement sod roughage is rcessay. “Concartats ent be 1d sepaataly om tw cughage. The fooding shuld bo gradual Tho amour of concerto shoud be Ireoasod gy dualy uraltne coarediovelsreachod I gen rut Iroorgareme in he ten wi ict have in o at he fe tation The oul eect adele 8 concn ofen encountered \ihontneconcanvatecortarsfeedgrahshighinstarch Access coud Toad 0 on“ led syncione ann severe cases, dean c the sects nina ‘When ong concert to growing tshng cate, he pro ‘tn economes shou io be conared Evaluation shed consider the cost fost se wal ao te eal proaucton fen. Ration Formulation ‘atontoenston tho rocess of combing sierentfesdingreionts tf. proprion ha wil ete anima the pope moun tris hooded a tho pete sage of produon Te lem aon ‘hed be paltabe, Pave no Sonus geste ata ote secs end economical TA presen the rset flouting ators for cate ae ttt apesiie naires (TON, koa), ude ten (CP, gla) eacam (Ca, ga), na phosphor (P, gly Rats tc rats ae fermdated onary mater bans ote wdevaratoninmntiecontart (foods eepeciayrougrage, “Two sppoahesaleused fmatng cae ration depanding on te quay, pe, aed avasatily of ougages and concerate The fee approach wien maxinsaesthe ve rouge ae concn, is aed to supply the vemaning amour of ravers to meet he anima sroqaromerts. The second approach call for afxod onage {ocancertiteraio Sines he conoertateis sea vsecto alae the ‘tion he composition andre cttheconcertst mie depends ‘on he quay ao arty fhe rouge wed “The olowng are examples ot fabon eater boo at: Example 1. Araon tor 8 250g tor garing 076 pay ween ‘maimazes he ve of eugrage ‘Sip 1 wt down th ian agama) Dymate TON GPG inne Gig seq wp ee oyna see 08 ams ‘TON roquramentexpessodin percart One rg hand ofthe auate ar pats ot npr grace and ica ban OF ote oa vation, “The prs re tino by susracing oponaly, Basmala pert Atom tho laxgor porcre. On ptcart ts, naps is boxe 2 206 1+ 25)x a} waiter 818% (44 25) 10] theta ton “oreo, 8.25 (64x 82%) DMs supsied by nape whe 11539 {64 10x) Om comes ram ce tan ‘Siep 4 Osemine te contrat ale and ee an at ne ‘aromeet recep ——- Da oN oP me Foo OTNOPSSCe ot @ @ @ onan om ge, S220 we mem comand! ose ar Sa Regurenen sa 38 683200700 Severe Baur ooo yao tetas aaa eT SincotneameurtotTON Hom nap assislesthantherequromart ‘hghenrgy concert usostoepace pa ofthe rar race Banconthetao concortate loos ava tne Pearson sare mato a lows Nap ges SS4TON KF ‘saa NJ 2sotaar pare Cn tho tet hand sido othe square ate the TON content tree ‘ass andice ban DY. The s@.% nthe mde oe saves the “The balarcoin CP of 18 gcanbe sats pacing par rico ‘an wth brewers pent gran (SG), The combat rebar and BSC should sippy 167% CP cacuated as flows: [23886 which Supps 1.1519 OM theres, 194g cP 1,160 0M x toni ears “The proportion of ice tran and BSG can be calested ung the Pasa square as shown blow ‘Brewers spent, 202% CP 1s9pars wae pen oe ice bran 01, 15.39% cP |Z 839, 922pace ‘Tee lal par (153+ 786) «3100 «19.47% brewer’ sper gran (653-745) x00 «60s nom bran Ot 1 Panes PEUNOR FORBEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION “The anourt of dy mar supled by ree bran D1 ee bowers sport gains eased as oles 1.3549 0M x 1947% = 022 kg OM tam browa’'s sport grin 11849 0M» a0 59% - 089 Kg OM Fem oo ren DY ‘Stop. ite down be nt eqament (Append drove Taw 43 7g ee ca carps On aL REAL COMIRET ‘Step 2. Unt down the mati eugage ad emir compost yom es 8 o (area) Npegas ~~ eS~~«BOG nas Few oN fesemor 0m Gmetad Gos Tear —s cannes a Row 38 oo yam 60 a om a8 ‘On asf basis, te animal shouisacave efalowing feed pe ay: Nagler grass 525490 SOs oona 22m OM fice ban Dt 098g0M See 106 Kg ‘ex OM Brewers pert gan 022g DM SENN Ls 08ko aK OM “The aly requemert for sand thor micominarals can be provi the ema! a sa book Example 2. Aran for # 300g stor ging 075 kay 10 be formated tha redetemned rougrageloconcartste raigot 0. Sip. Onterne ney mate fags an concentite ‘miro nsdn ougage a cncontera(6) Ta om xe0% « 44440 0 ter ew 74kg OM Xa0R = 2984g0M tom concrete eterna ne art ot ut upd yt ago 1 @ @ @ @ ‘S195, Owarminein arcu strains tobespplaty neconcatte any aataargtu nuncorasnote stone naer ‘Step 6, Dsaming we mata compoatin of e concantate mir ty Sesingin amour nares oases Sop Sy heart oh ‘Me conanata mare (Sno) 2219 TON a 268 268 corr ootig? Si. Fomdasnacnarintemiaebseenenaertcanortion Stat by havngaixed aroxrt tne tlowing' sat (1), 0%) ss achoap seco cera proton molasses ON) pati. 24 reste (9) 0 soph Co. Cope moa ad ee ban coud bead ‘Srnajr syed Sroethemaprrgfegets have the sae TON ‘cto cute petoncoretcanbevsedesassainacernngthe pion cttran Ot ancora mee or ealadated vag te eqaon meted 8 oon: Hie “SEG “Ste 2010) 20 © Rem rr ‘The concoae mite, on OM basis, a otows: rote ov ww “ST Ge B_e_de st Cope os eee) san ome festa: Be S: 8 0a Oe tases sm $e m8 oat sm te! roster fone Perera to Cipa won To Roan Be Es oe Ta 100.00 Values i the columns of anourt and parent of mite ae ‘alae as shown nthe exampes Uo 158.08 kg + 8% OM of copra maa = 6.07 kg Neao7ng > 114th)» 100 = S80 “The calcite ty mate of he concntate miei 87 5. ‘Thettere, the ermal shoud rece day, en a od basis, the folowing ice saw 444 kg OM ae ie sso ‘sox OM Concerto mature 2.9649 OM = 990% e7s% om yod Additives and Growth-Promoting Implants “Te most coneen leo assves used eedng growing ishing ce baang oa goup of conpounds cole} cased encphares (e.g, monensin sae, Those aaatves moayurenermortaion toinreasetheproprion ot propio acipoaucedinte nan which fesut in incoasod eficncy 0 fod weaken. Adding oraphares ‘eet din wc rete ahr os ‘arte ntsring cata rowth promoting mpl ona ot and nplovetne gowtnandteedeticenny fgroung srting at ‘Tras doe by he Sow ease ota raturayccertng hormone ‘omenalixe composed tom Pe inplatetotveboadroam Then {um stmdats theres of owt promaingrmenes nthe boy. Impl can be ane or ore pls dopestodunderrath esin ‘onthe back sie ote eae tee of tats ean bem 70 {0 20 daye depending on wich one is used. Sumy, the ace Ingredient, lacston ofthe impart ned er remplaen, wibtaal ‘pos expected capone, anasoa et mpiarteg dependents and ‘Sttnoimplrs torso aceweingrediots,mpartscotanary cline {lowing bat eeratel benzoate and progesterone, zack, sd saao-178 ‘Because ary gouthpromotnginplas, tmusibe approved soby proper auhotics. One aso aovsestsawaysreadandtollow ‘he mandacturers tection, Herd Management ord management's goa so produce a cop ot high quaty,neaw- ‘wag caves. Various factor wrioncanirxdetotne accomplishment fs goa ere ery seul matty Tomales, igh cncoptin rate, Fighea cop aay vetroodng ar caving, xcales ik proce ttn cow, valaty of a yortound fas supply, ae crs. ‘uty otmanegonert plane ofan, anatarminasres ra mort etarminarts oot oss Herd Division excision ensures ho appropri ruiton of vaous age groups ot thera. National reqaremertsofboe cate are drt fate to ‘90. Ihe erd cones ot animals olvarying ages, fond ways be to the dsadvertage ofthe yourg armas. Wi the one herd rmanagerert syste, cut arent, wthiggr baka ger feng panty, cn div caves of fod. Cetaniy thy wl ea the tnoreigeaise and pltaba fond, and whats ie caves ste Foss gestive nls panied. Managemertpobiens, «9, proatuo brooding which soously attectha owt clyoungbulsanchaters sever erdtochoce Hike Ihe otmxd agas Maveover,erighar rt favationmay err a ‘ecu of buting and gg ot arma ‘Anal may be dvdod othe oboe Peds: “+ Prognart had - composed of pregnant foals. Cows ‘gavped win the towdng her dt ho brooding eascn «Beng eed conssts of ey cows and hte a0) To ‘resin Alero breeding season pregnant enials e {anetorod tothe progr har “+ Hofer nara composes of les not yet eat or reed. Hater cave te nclusodin tv hx eer wesng ‘+ Stor, food, or atener hard const et owing cate and ‘hse be latened forthe marie ‘+ Bullard cori of mato males Kept many for serving the Bodin cows. Management of Bret ing Females. ‘Lactating and Pregnant Cows Oncetha cons ave eteminedregrart.hey shade separtedtom ‘henord Ths provers ur and posible aborbon of cows which we ‘ute of ing, bing an ang win ter srs ‘Asmat grass padanck is ssaary 10 heap pregnert coms ‘exported to gue bth win wo woos” The paddock should bo ‘ctossse to he cowboys quar fo pte cow dung patti, ‘Sign of pregnancy. The postaton poi he cow is bout 288, ys atnogh ts vars Hor eo brood (sal 276 20868). ‘Some rows have agptaion postr abeutonewoak, OPIS ke the Bratman gesates ter abot a week longa. Appenda © ‘reserts the gostaten taboo ato. ‘Soma sign oa ogra cow a as flows: Cessation fetus or hast. Aer a bull saved a cow roca ‘and stemre wren estus sped agan acu" io cow foes nat cemein has agar Show ets ater 2843/8, 818 ay that she i progare + A natieable enargomert ofthe abdomen and udder re Caualy god signe of regan, Poweve., these are Pat ocossart elect. A cang tno approscros, the cow's tert an tats em up. teat Rotors usualy ahi ‘Sevelprect err than male cows. apaion. Cessation of etius ones sn elargamat of abso ‘mon and ude a sg of pegnancy tu are net olpoc "Amororetate pregnancy tests tou palpaion 6D 9 days tr ‘trecang, Papaton se manual examination ftheropostve tat ‘by wey ee rectum and coon to very pregnancy catia. The Imad needs tainrg and expense. A hanein rt ove ‘Teed othe rectumtonardsthecoion. Tapresence ateh ca ‘ete beneath or lth clon When gray pressed he hand ‘htetuscips away ttretusineneatol/o tiga poten resus eave using felt sage of pregnancy (veto simon) the torus ‘sped down to he sbsomia cavty because of te Walt of he fetus andacconpanyng hac Atissago tia tiotiofoatataus lsndcangitmay cave boron Pregpaneyesingy paper shold ‘ocene Qumgthesecondrthudmartof pregnancy. Cows tsi togetprognare ring ho gua broang season shows be exposed toh bua fer anther eea morte i the boasng acd (oean-up teers) (Open Cows and Replacement Heifers ‘Open of norgrognant cows an eplacomert hotor sould be ven ‘roper carom such away at hay get he it aroun feed aly. ‘Fray shou be kot n goo bay condi to erst oy a6 thevgt physdageal satus. Anmas wih opeauctve probes ae {ose hich faoato sate arth clean pedingperodshoud be ‘ae Management of Calves, Growers, and Fatteners caves Cates shoud seo esum mk tom tat mahor wit toe hours ater eating. et tht hax ro sues Wve os hows ater fang shot be ed ois ethers user. ‘During bad wah, eaves textos Wook shoud bo tkon tthe barnuithine mr, However, optanodcalvesmayDerasoato cows rat mix repacers, Calves shuld be gen concertos at an way age fr ts owe rowers Ccrowers ae woanors and yoarings whch ae not 10 be fone Inmediatay Toy are handed such away at maaan gowns ‘chivod af he owes posive cos. Tho gowig prod sats rom ‘weaning 1 ftning &roplatamert sage.” Growers ar usualy Imartanod ihe par wit very ite stron, they re gven salt ‘sndmnoralsuplomere lsd conorert, concerts shou be ghanin adsion to asstougroge Fatanrs requ a shoe oodng paid 6 each sugar woight ‘Thay se goneraly ugge., mate, orreaingrmaty. Howe one tnd’ hattotwo yer ld sma waging 200-3009 are preter. ‘They may beataned ether in ted, on paste, on beh eas. Manegement of Breeding Bulls Breaing bu shoud be a sloted pustrced becouse & conten ‘50% ofthe gant makop of ho asing_ Bus shoud bem ood ona the sat of the toed season. Ths, regular exteee Soule gvontothebulstokeopter sggrecverees, Selectable ‘oud bo aloweate brood when thy ar toast wo ea of ap. ‘Bul sould be pen suplamartal facing gran or concen tutes 60.90 doy bare und ar ne troosng peed deperang oo thew condo, ‘Abreedgbulshadbokeptintheherdaslongashelsaggeesive enoughtomae. However eavadiobrending abul shold Deep Ot ‘tthe wend ahaloteee yeas wrens sng reached the boca aoe Fecert tindgs showed tht one eiteson in electing @ god ‘woodere measuring he ota xeurterane ofthe young bal A ‘ina measurrert of 0 cm fo 8 Your ball ou grey ‘contibtetoa ba friy indo as wl ato te femal progeny, Grazing Management Pastue-basd cate production system complex system (pa sotana). Cate pecucy depends primary ontow te lace ‘mgt conprrs smrupe wed itaraove ater “The utente goa ot ring to aan he ast pono rept Gere pot) ae sn ste ie, pasture manegarert on te oar hard enue bape i rnayproasiv) posse an ho ea Suey rated or og ete win sate te Sound Stocking Management 'n topical counties the the Phitppres, the punary produc is otemirecby rata paten Tals charectersedby bape sis ‘ing rary mors ana coed dag dy menhe, ath Pert Prods) ghee an aus base "To ever the soasonaly in herbage dstbuten two maj sopraches have boon iroasced + pasture management 3 Sock management “Ta fet approach cons mal ofthe eetasshmert and mai tenance of deste pasture cops supported by fetation, recone. ‘Stoo or ang managoment inp imple varying or mand: lng grazing prssur to sur avalae rbage sf my gven tine, Granng itnsty o pressxe le exressod otha as sacking tte (el rato yo) Soci est (inal wen per Stocking ete is usualy employed in eativtyhomoganous and Pasture reserves (sds) determing the ot of pastce regrow, ato Hequoncy and nist offs suctoadeg gare ‘+ Paste yield persistence ito tovence betweon the capa: ‘ity ofthe soo susan growth andthe aia’ ry ater ‘rae. ‘Stocking Rate Praducton pa unt of land is an important measure of tice use ot pasts, partisday inthe mers intenve beat produing e whore find vats ae nigh Tha vale who gang animals ae stocked (coating rte) ama taser atoctngprogucton per ut ee ot “The stocking aos uty measured es faa nk.) (pcheciare. Table chows tw.a.u equvaortter each casscf anal (aera ot 20 coms. “Teste 2. Animal ut (at) egal foreach ae of ari Mose ‘unahad Animal Unt age “Thottore, te ean stacing ratte pastes V2 a. ava fesha pashseiand sncodeetomartan esd cae wth TR rcqotty aed leo thumo ne managorent of rtve imparts rome fastresntnoPrpines alae can sepet ‘Sematte sama raugno te your On ft spre! ng ih Fy and wat dood tata athe Baron pstau th 11 ‘Seckngratomaybe osetothe actalearygeapacty ol tepastze Howes tbe may of easiands nthe county have wna Sin sen "Troy iy eas Suro of at Fata mm, o boon), ntese teas, a tecingaecr2508 ‘ma would be more rele Thy proved tet nda he Buidren condions in Nkedanse, stoching te canbe esoasd To 2.0 ana on improves paste of (ass pure pare conue) woz, Aastocung ee t2 08/ Raven grad gasslegue peste con pouuce S4% more bot Aarne Cope) paste even unde rug? candtios The dy {tor pad ta a emendous reste beet proaucion can Be tmsred by mprovng pire Bough pope use esta General Management Practices cattle dentiestion “Tres practic is racessry for management purposes and to denote Cunarp. Brang wih atx rns hemos common method ot ‘Goruning cat Te animale shoud be legal radod The and ‘must be Rope eteredby tne owner wih nalvestockideniicaion coor ne muncpalty concen Te owners radi placasontre nina stat eog. To muneipaly andthe owes rors must be ‘Sxemiong weds Oomwde, Te deste sac bangs er Wie. Fr oaryharcing he bang von's hance sui eae! ‘Semiong. Puaing oa tgs(Fig 10) area otces aretha atacive metho ot coruting eae Fig 10 Eartag for eat certian Dehorning Detening haste folowing aovartage 1 Deberned cate requ es space in oes They oaupy ass apace nara spree {They sro moveunerm n sopearance Dohaming i 8 sopistcated pracic in bet cate ating. is recommended an in lige scale opr to act th Pandig ‘Spsmanogemert lhe arenas Deherringalslescore th cargo ot ‘jay to herdsmen ‘Doncning iments of chemicals ae sldom ava inthe ‘market yar say mpored and wxpenee, However, orsie Inge unter of atl moved andi ease of mania raress 5 PLP RECOMMENDS FORE CATE POOUCTON nals, the ester n dahon is wortwhiein lage seat ate epson eure Cate robe deerrad whi st young because ay ar ase {phandio, The process hs sit ser oec tote arta Rosen * cone pope daring cose nat eed ee Howoves, cde animals re dehened wth ihe a met spoon, ‘aunts denen dberningclpper ran elacicames Moore vent Gano 1% 208th eo loony whan tev ate reaps mae nari eer ‘nacequate fencing or inted availtlty of pasture paddocks," Record-Keeping PUPPIES ECOMMENOS FOR BEEF CATREPRECLCTON 8 ‘Supponeyounave roo cows your hac om A,B, nC wih ‘he folowing prado cea cow A gives Bt ogy evry Yor har caves have an wvatage woanig waght

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