LESSON TOPIC 1

Composition of
Cells
Why should we study cells? How
important are our cells in our body?
◎ Cells provide structure for the body,
take in nutrients from food, convert
those nutrients into energy, and
carry out specialized functions.

2
 1
Cell Structure

3
Molecular Composition
◎ Cells are made up of water, inorganic ions, and
carbon-containing molecules.
◎ Water is the most abundant molecule in cells, making
up 70% or more of total cell mass.
◎ Polar molecule is the significant property of water,
which:
> Hydrogen (H) atoms, positive charge (+)
> Oxygen (O) atoms, negative charge (-)
◎ Ions and polar molecules readily soluble in water are
said to be HYDROPHILIC
◎ Nonpolar molecules that cannot interact with water,
are poorly soluble in aqueous environment are called
HYDROPHOBIC 4
Parts of the Cell
◎ The Cell Membrane
◎ The Nucleus
◎ The Cytoplasm. Within the cytoplasm
lie The Organelles (Endoplasmic
reticulum, ribosomes, golgi
apparatus, mitochondria, lysosomes,
centrioles, cilia and flagella, nucleus)
HUMAN CELL
PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC
CELLS
◎ Prokaryotic cells are those do not
have true nucleus and membrane-
bound cell organelles
◎ Eukaryotic cells are those that have
true nucleus and nucleolus and also
contain all membrane bound cell
organelles