The name 

Texas, based on the Caddo word táyshaʼ (/tʼajʃaʔ/) 'friend', was applied, in the

spelling Tejas or Texas,[17][18][19][1] by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves, specifically the Hasinai
Confederacy,[20] the final -s representing the Spanish plural. [21] The Mission San Francisco de los
Tejas was completed near the Hasinai village of Nabedaches in May 1690, in what is now Houston
County, East Texas.[22]
During Spanish colonial rule, in the 18th century, the area was known as Nuevas Filipinas ('New
Philippines') and Nuevo Reino de Filipinas ('New Kingdom of the Philippines'),[23] or as provincia de
los Tejas ('province of the Tejas'),[24] later also provincia de Texas (or de Tejas), ('province of Texas').
[25][23]
 It was incorporated as provincia de Texas into the Mexican Empire in 1821, and declared a
republic in 1836. The Royal Spanish Academy recognizes both spellings, Tejas and Texas, as
Spanish-language forms of the name of the U.S. state of Texas.[26]
The English pronunciation with /ks/ is unetymological, contrary to the historical value of the
letter x (/ʃ/) in Spanish orthography. Alternative etymologies of the name advanced in the late 19th
century connected the Spanish teja 'rooftile', the plural tejas being used to designate
indigenous Pueblo settlements.[27] A 1760s map by Jacques-Nicolas Bellin shows a village
named Teijas on the Trinity River, close to the site of modern Crockett.[27]