the DN Dell configuration glyceraldehyde is a first all those in the carbohydrates and the glyceraldehyde

can be represented by one of this projection and this projection is called as Fischer projection and lizard
head can also be represented by another projection so this is the solid wedge and dash line projection
now whether these structures are having either D configuration or L configuration so in order to see this
first of all let us see what is DN L configuration what is D and L configuration suppose we have a
structure like these and is a well known structure what we call a d-glucose here we are given that
configuration has a d isomer so this is the d glucose how can we give that deaqon variation for this
structure so we can get the configuration based on the asymmetric carbon so here we can observe four
types of asymmetric centers in the glucose which type of asymmetric Center should be considered in
order to assign the D and L configuration we have to consider the bottommost asymmetric carbon so
this is the bottommost asymmetric carbon and at this carbon we have to see the position of the Oh H
group if the voids group is on the right side then we have to give the configuration as the D
configuration and if it is on the left side we should assign the L configuration since here in this structure
the glucose molecule is having The Voyage group on the right side at the bottom most asymmetric
carbon so this is the big glucose and here we can simply remember the right side D configuration left
side L is 4 L that is left side L configuration now by using this let us assign what is the configuration for
the two types of projections we have already seen so if you take the glyceraldehyde this is the facial
projection what is fischer projection Fischer projection indicates that what are the groups which are
connected by vertical line or above the plane and towards the reader and the groups which are joined
by the horizontal line or below the plane and away from the radar so according to this projection there
is no group within the plane of paper two groups are above the plane and two groups are below the
plane now if we see the bottommost asymmetric carbon since this having only one asymmetric carbon
so this is the bottom of stress emitted carbon and if we see the wedge group here this watch group is on
the right side so now we can assign this as the B configuration but actually this is not the correct
configuration and is the wrong configuration of this molecule because we have given the configuration
without proper orientation of the molecule so when we are going to give the D and L configuration we
have to orient the molecule such that the main frontal group which is the aldehyde should be at the top
of the molecule because these are the all DOJ's the aldehyde functional group should be at the top and
here you can see that the aldehyde is at the bottom so what we can do so now if we take the structure
and if we rotate this by 180 degrees we can get the aldehyde group at the top of the molecule so let us
rotate this so when we rotate this you can see that now the bottommost asymmetric carbon The Voyage
group is on the left side and let us refresh the structure and now you can see The Voyage group on the
left side so this is the L configuration so what are the given structure is having the L configuration and
that's why when we are giving that D and L configuration we have to orient the molecule in a proper
way we have to write the structure such that the CHEO group is at the top of the molecule so now this
compound is the L glyceraldehyde now let us take the second projection of this glyceraldehyde this is
the veg and - projection now what is the configuration of this molecule whether it's having the D
configuration or L configuration we can easily assign the D and L configuration for the Fischer projection
but when we are coming to the vision - projection it is not an easy way because he there is no horizontal
and vertical lines so one of the possibility to assign that D and L configuration for this variant aspiration
is to convert this projection into a Fischer projection how can we convert this a virgin - projection to the
Fischer projection according to the legend aspiration what are the groups which are attached by solid
line are within the plane that means here the CH work group and watch group are within the plane and
whatever the group which is at answer by solid wedge that is that means he or she has to voyage is
above the plane and what are the group which is attached by the hatch at which are broken which it is
below the plane while we are converting this wedge and dash to the Fischer projection so we can make
a small trick here so let us represent what are the groups attached by the solid line on the vertical line so
these are the groups which are attached by solid line so we have to convert them into the vertical line
and what are the group which is attached by the solid wedge if it is on the right side you should be
placed on the horizontal line to the left side so by doing this we can easily convert this structure into the
Fischer projection so now you can represent the Fischer projection like this you can see that the group
CH o and O H are present on the vertical line and the group C is - which is present on the horizontal line
but on the left side of the molecule because it is present on the right side of the molecule in the wedge
and dash position now in the Fischer projection it is on the left side so this is the Fischer projection for
the given structure now what is that D what is the conversation whether D or L here again we cannot
assign the D and L configuration because the voyage group is not on the horizontal line so in order to do
this we have to make some transitions so if we going to make a transition of these two groups when we
interchange two groups at the stereo active center the configuration will be reverse so now just by
interchanging we will get a structure like this and you can see that C is - watch group is on the now
vertical line and watch group is on the horizontal and if you give the configuration for this compound
because watch group is on the left side so we can give as the L configuration now since it is in L
configuration the original compound will have D configuration because on switching the groups the
configuration will be reversed so if we get the answer as the L configuration the original compound will
be D configuration so in this way by using a retro method we can assign the configuration for the variant
- projection now this compound is the d-glyceraldehyde now it is the configuration of the amino acids D
and L configuration can also be assigned for the amino acids so we know the amino acids are the Alpha
amino acids they're having a carboxylic acid chain and at the Alpha position amino group and they're
having a sidechain which may be variable to give the different types of amino acids now these amino
acids are also having the stereo active Center except for the glycine which is having the R group as the
Hydra cell so what is the configuration of this molecule now again in order to assign the D and L
configuration for this molecule it should be oriented in a proper way so whatever the principle function
group here the COOH group should be at the top of the molecule so we have to make a parallel
transients like this so that we can convert the structure into related structure like this so now the co h is
at the top and NH two at the horizontal line and again the groups hydrogen and the alcohol side and the
sidechain are going to be interconverted and here you have to remember that when we make parallel
transitions that means that all the four groups are interchanged then the configuration will not be
changed that configuration will be seen now we can assign the configuration to this molecule so in the
amino acids we have to consider the asymmetric Center which is attached to the amine group and here
we have to consider the position of the amine group if the amine group is on the right side it is the D
configuration if it is on the left side it is the L configuration so here in this structure the amine group is
present on the right side so this is the D amino acid so this structure is hang the deccan variation but
normally except a few M&S aids most of the amenities are having L configuration so in this way we can
assign the D and L configuration both for carbohydrates as well as for the amino acids but when we are
taking the amino acids we have to arrange the molecules as that the carboxylic acid at the top of the
molecule and then we have to consider the Alpha asymmetric carbon if an h2 group is on the right side
it is d isomer if it is on the left side it is l isomer now let us the optical activity of the D and L isomers let
us take again this all DOS this is the simple all DOS and what is this conversation because voyage group is
on the right side so this is the decon variation so this is the big laser aldehyde similarly we can take its
optical isomer which is hanging the structure like this now which group is on the left side so this is the L
glyceraldehyde now what is the optical activity of this d-glyceraldehyde and L glyceraldehyde it was
found that d-glyceraldehyde is dextrorotatory and elizalde had is levorotatory so from this can we
conclude that if a compound is having d configuration it is dextrorotatory and if it is having L
configuration it is levorotatory actually it is not correct and this relation is only observed with that d-
glyceraldehyde where d glyceraldehyde is dextro and elvis rawhide is leo now if ad isomer is there it D
isomer may be a dextrorotatory or it may be a levorotatory so there is no relation between the capital D
and small D next row is indicated by small letter D levorotatory is indicated by small letter L in isomer
with the D configuration may be either dextrorotatory or levorotatory and D configuration indicates the
configuration of the molecule at only one carbon but the next one leo are the properties of the entire
molecule so there representing the optical activity of the all the carbons in the molecule so that's why D
and L configuration is called as relative configuration so they will assign the Conte variation at only one
carbon particularly the carbohydrates they will assign at the bottommost asymmetric carbon and in case
of MN acids they will assign the configuration at the for carbon now let us see why it is relative
configuration now we know that D and L configuration is a relative conversation but why it is called as
relative configuration let us take an aldose like this now if we see the configuration of this Aldo's at the
bottommost asymmetric carbon which group is on the right side so this is the D configuration and this all
DOS is having the aldehyde functional group this aldehyde function group can undergo nucleophilic
addition reactions so when this compound is stated with the sodium cyanide in Printz of HCl the sodium
cyanide can attack the aldehyde functionality so that the cyanide group can be added on this carbonyl
group so when we react this orders with the sodium Sun ad we can get the two types of products like
this and in these two products we can observe a cyanide group is attached and a carbonyl group which is
coming to alcohol may have the oho group ie either on the right side or on the left side but if we see the
configuration at the bottommost asymmetric carbon in both of the structures the configuration remains
same that means both of these compounds are hanging The Voyage group on the right side so both are
again having the B configuration so in this way the relative configuration is going to be maintained in this
chain elongation reaction because the reaction is going to takes place at the carbon other than the
bottommost asymmetric carbon but the relative configuration will not be changed now finally let us see
why it is required suppose if we take the D glyceraldehyde this d-glyceraldehyde can be extended to a
larger all DOJ's by chain elongation reaction by reacting with the sodium cyanide and HCL followed by
reduction and hydrolysis then we will get the two types of all doses like this with for number of carbons
now if we see the bottommost estimated carbon both of these both are having the group on the right
side so again both are having the D configuration but if we see the first structure the wedge groups on
the same side so this can be called as d arick throws edit throw is the prefix which indicates that the
similar groups are on the same side so here which groups on the same side so it is this is the B era
throws similarly the second one is having the voids group on the opposite so this that d3o s3o indicates
they are on the opposite sides so now when the d-glyceraldehyde is undergoing a chain elongation it
gives the two products but the two products are hanging the same really two configuration so they can
be indicated by D configuration da-rae throws and D three O's so in this way the d-glyceraldehyde can
produce the large number of all doses and all these alders belong to the D Series similarly L
glyceraldehyde can use the l series so in this way when out the reaction does not takes place at the
bottommost asymmetric carbon the relative configuration is going to be maintained and which can be
easily studied in the carbohydrates so in this way by assigning that D and L con variation we can easily
relate the larger carbohydrates with the smaller carbohydrates and how they are going to be derived
from these smaller carbohydrates