100,000.

00 hours
Service time, t 56,856.00 hours
Metal Temp 450.00 C
842.00 F
Stress on Tube
P 15.22 kg/cm2
Working Pressure 1.52 MPa
34.00 mm
OD
1.34 in
3.40 mm
Thickness
0.13 in
Stress at 450 deg C 7.61 MPa
Dari grafik disamping diketahui bahwa creep tidak
akan terjadi karena nilai stress dibawah nilai stress
rupture

if
LMP 21.50 -
time to rupture 5,460,169,010.17 hours
623,306.96 years

𝑡_𝑟 (ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠)= 〖 10 〗 ^(( 〖 10 〗 ^3 𝐿𝑀𝑃)/(𝑇𝑑+273)−𝐶_𝐿𝑀 )

16 MPa
16 MPa
 A106 at 450 deg.C
Tensile Strength 300 MPa
Yield Strength 147.5 MPa
Elastic Allowable Stress 100 MPa
Rupture Allowable Stress 72 MPa
Rupture exponent 8.5 -
 Phenomena Why-1 Why-2 Why-3

Toughness
HE 7504 steam Header-to-stub weld Graphitization occur near
reduce/embrittlement ->
leakage crack tube welding
brittle crack

A 106 Gr B A 335 P11

Therm-Cond. 42.7 39.4
 Why-4 Why-5 Counter Measure
Unsuitable material for
Material exposure in 425 degree Celcius and Upgrade mat'l that suitable for
moderate temperature above operating above 425 degree Celcius (Max
temperature 550 degree Celcius) and good
weldability => ASTM A 335 P11
Material lack of
HAZ in weldment weldability

Weld HAZ Graphitization

Base Metal Graphitization