KIMIA BIOKIMIA

KARBOHIDRAT
Karbohidrat
◻ Karbohirat merupakan biomolekul yang menyusun
banyak bahan organik, dan perannya sangat
penting
(1) Sumber energi
(2) monosakarida dalam bentuk ribose dan
deoxyribose merupakan bagian dari structural
framework RNA dan DNA
(3) Polisakarida merupakan elemen yang struktural
dalam dinding sel tanaman dan bakteri
◻ Carbohydrate Classes:
Monosaccharides
■ Simple sugars, can not be broken down further;
Oligosaccharides
■ Few simple sugars
Polysaccharides
■ Polymers of monosaccharides
Karbohidrat
◻ Aldosa dan ketosa (memiliki gugus Aldehida dan
keton dengan multiple gugus hidroksil)
◻ Rumus empiris CnH2nOn
Monosakarida terkecil (n=3)
ALDOSE
CYCLIC FORM

Haworth
Projections

Fischer
Projections
CYCLIC FORM
Disakarida
Polisakarida

◻ Also called glycans;

◻ Starch and glycogen are storage molecules;

Starch: PLANTS; Glycogen: HUMAN & ANIMALS

◻ Chitin and cellulose are structural molecules;
GLYCOGEN

glucose
STARCH (PATI)

Amylose
glucose

glucose
Amylopectin
Amilose
Amylopectin
CELLULOSE

glucose
◻ Glucose is the monosaccharides of the following
polysacchrides with different linkages and
banches
α(1,4), starch (more branch)
α(1,4), glycogen (less branch)
α(1,6), dextran (chromatography resins)
β(1,4), cellulose (cell walls of all plants)
β(1,4), Chitin similar to cellulose, but C2-OH is replaced by
–NHCOCH3 (found in exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects,
spiders)