Name of Technolog Philippine Age Dose and Vaccine Efficacy Rate How it works Common Side

Vaccine y Platform FDA EUA Group Frequency based on Phase III Clinical Effects of Vaccine
Approval Covere Trial
d by PH

Pfizer mRNA January 12 y/o 2 doses, [A] 95% (94,7%, 95% Unlike vaccines that put a weakened Short-term, mild-
BioNTech 14, 2021 and 21 days CI90.3-97.6) against or inactivated disease germ into the to-moderate pain
above apart symptomatic COVID-19, 7 body, the Pfizer mRNA vaccine at the
May 31, days delivers a tiny piece of genetic code injection site,
2021 after the 2nd dose based from the SARS CoV-2 virus to host fatigue, and
on Phase Ill CT done for 16 cells in the body, essentially giving headache
y/o and above. those cells instructions, or
blueprints, for making copies of spike
proteins (the spikes you see sticking
[B]100% (95% C1, 75,3 to out of the coronavirus in pictures
100), against symptomatic online and on TV). The spikes do the
COVID-19 occurring at work of penetrating and infecting
least 7 days after2 2nd host cells. These proteins stimulate
doses on Phase Ill CT done an immune response, producing
for 12-15 y/o. antibodies and developing memory
cells that will recognize and respond
if the body is infected with the actual
virus.
Oxford Viral January 18 y/o 2 doses, 70.4%-81.3% overall VE Scientists engineer a harmless Injection site pain
AstraZeneca Vector 28, 2021 and 4-12 against symptomatic adenovirus as a shell to carry genetic and tenderness;
(non- above weeks COVID-19, 14 days after code on the spike proteins to the fatigue,
replicating) apart the 2nd dose, with 81.3 cells. Once the code is inside the headache,
efficacy achieved if dose cells, the cells produce a spike feverishness,
interval is 12 or more protein to train the body’s immune myalgia.
weeks system, which creates antibodies and
memory cells to protect against an
No hospital admissions or actual SARS-CoV-2 infection.
severe cases reported in
the vaccine arm, thus 100%
 VE against severe COVID-
19
Sinovac Inactivated February 18 y/o 2 doses, 51% overall VE against The researchers grew large stocks of Local
Coronavac Virus 22, 2021 and 28 days symptomatic COVID-19, the coronavirus in monkey kidney lymphadenopathy
above apart Brazil trial cells. Then they doused the viruses at the injection
with a chemical called beta- site, allergic
83.5% 995% CI 65.4-92.1) propiolactone. The compound reaction that may
VE against PCR-confirmed disabled the coronaviruses by be cause by any
symptomatic COVID-19, 14 bonding to their genes. The component of the
days after 2nd dose in inactivated coronaviruses could no vaccine (hives,
Turkey Trial. longer replicate. But their proteins, allergic rashes
including spike, remained intact. and purpura,
100% prevention against anaphylactic
severe COVID-19 and The antigen-presenting cell tears the shock), and
hospitalization, in both coronavirus apart and displays some convulsion (with
Brazil and Turkey trial. of its fragments on its surface. A so- or without fever)
called helper T cell may detect the
fragment. If the fragment fits into
one of its surface proteins, the T cell
becomes activated and can help
recruit other immune cells to
respond to the vaccine.
Another type of immune cell, called a
B cell, may also encounter the
inactivated coronavirus. B cells have
surface proteins in a huge variety of
shapes, and a few might have the
right shape to latch onto the
coronavirus. When a B cell locks on,
it can pull part or all the virus inside
and present coronavirus fragments
on its surface.

A helper T cell activated against the

 coronavirus can latch onto the same
fragment. When that happens, the B
cell gets activated, too. It proliferates
and pours out antibodies that have
the same shape as their surface
proteins.
Gamaleya Viral March 19, 18 y/o 2 doses, 3 91.6% (95% CI 85.6-95.2) The Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine uses Pain on the
Sputnik V Vector 2021 and weeks overall VE against two different adenoviruses as the injection site,
(non- above apart symptomatic COVID-19, 21 viral vectors. Adenoviruses are a Hyperthermia,
replicating) days after the 1st dose. large family of viruses that can cause Swelling,
the common cold. headache,
100% (96% CI 94.4-100.0) asthenia,
VE against moderate or To train the immune system to muscle/joint pain,
severe cases, 21 days after recognize the SARS-CoV-2 virus, malaise, sore
the 1st dose. which causes COVID-19, people throat, diarrhea,
receive the vaccine in two doses at rhinorrhea, loss
an interval of 21 days. The first shot of appetite, pain
contains adenovirus 26 (Ad26) as the in the
viral vector, while the second shot oropharynx, nasal
contains adenovirus 5 (Ad5). Both congestion, colds,
shots also contain the gene for the sneezing, cough.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

Scientists have chemically modified

the adenoviruses in the Sputnik V
COVID-19 vaccine to stop them from
replicating. This means that the viral
vectors cannot cause an adenovirus
infection. The vaccine also cannot
cause COVID-19 because it does not
contain the entire SARS-CoV-2 virus.

References:
https://doh.gov.ph/vaccines/know-your-vaccines

https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/covid-19-vaccine-comparison

https://www.bni-life.co.id/en/lifeblog/how-the-sinovac-vaccine-works

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-does-the-sputnik-v-covid-19-vaccine-work#What-is-a-viral-vector?