FACULTY OF MEDICINE – UPH

LIPPO VILLAGE KARAWACI – TANGERANG - BANTEN

MANUAL OF ANATOMY LABORATORY

Bernard SM Hutabarat; dr, PAK

BLOCK : MUSCULOSKELETAL ( MSK )

ODD SEMESTER ( III ) 2019 / 2020

MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT

( THE DEAD TEACH THE LIVING )

GENERAL RULES AT THE DISSECTING ROOM.

MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT ( THE DEAD TEACH THE

LIVING ) is an universal basic principle that must always be
remembered by every medical students and those who study Anatomy
on cadaver.
Universally, MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT means that medical students
learn from the dead so the cadavers also become their teacher.
Based on MORTUI VIVOS DOCENT every medical student
who works on cadavers must obey Code of Ethic of Anatomy as
follows :

Students :

1. 1.1Prepare him / herself for Laboratory practice, including :

1.2 Study the Lab. Manual accordingly before coming to Dissection Room.
1.3 Bring along Anatomy dissecting instruments ( minimum 1 for each group )
1.4 Must bring along Lab. Manual, Anatomy atlas and ( if necessary ) anatomy
lecture materials
1.5 Wear Laboratory dress properly
2 Respect the cadavers as the students respect their teachers.
3 NOT Allowed to take cadavers photo and video.
4 NOT make fun of cadavers or parts of the cadavers whatever the condition of the
cadavers or parts of the cadavers might be.
5 NOT throw part of the cadaver if his / her fellow student wants to borrow the
specimen
6 Give / take directly the specimen from his / her fellow student if he / she wants to
lend / borrow the specimen.
7 NOT damage cadavers or parts of the cadavers on purpose or for fun.
8 NOT playing during practise in the lab

1
 LABORATORY WEEK II : AUGUST 12, 13, 15; 2019

TOPIC : UPPER and LOWER LIMB

( MEMBRI SUPERIORIS et INFERIORIS)
COMPETENTCY AREA : 5

COMPETENTCY LEVEL : 4A ( ABLE TO IDENTIFY )

LEARNING OBJECTIVES :
After finished laboratory practice Student should be able to identify:
1. Muscles of the Upper limb ( musculi membri superioris )
Flexors / Extensors , Adductors / Abductors, Rotators
2. Deltopectoral triangle of Mohrenheim / infraclavicular fossa ( trigonum
deltoideopectorale Mohrenheim / fossa infraclavicularis ) and its content.
3. Muscles of the lower extremity ( Flexors / Extensors , Adductors )
4. Femoral triangle of Scarpa ( trigonum femorale Scarpae )

PROCEDURES :

Identify muscles that connect upper extremity to truncus. Look for :

1. Ventral muscles :
1.1. Inserted into shoulder girdle ( origin : ribs / costae ):
1.1.1. Subclavius ( M. subclavius )
1.1.2. Pectoralis minor ( M. pectoralis minor )
1.1.3. Serratus anterior ( M. Serratus anterior )
1.2. Inserted into humerus: Pectoral major ( M. pectoralis major )
( origin : clavicula, sternum, rectus abdominis sheath / vagina m. Rectus
abdominalis ) :
2. Dorsal muscles :
2.1. Inserted into shoulder girdle
2.1.1. Trapezius ( M. trapezius )
2.1.2. Rhomboid major ( M. rhomboideus major )
2.1.3. Rhomboid minor ( M. rhomboideus minor )
2.1.4. Levator scapula ( M. levator scapulae )
2.2. Inserted to humerus : Latissimus dorsi ( M. latissimus dorsi )
2.3. Discuss among the group boundaries, location and clinical application of triangle
of auscultation ( trigonum ausculatationis )
Identify shoulder muscles ( Mm. regions deltoidea ). Look for :
1. Deltoid ( M. deltoideus )
2. Supraspinatus ( M. supraspinatus )
3. Infraspinatus ( M. infraspinatus )
4. Teres minor ( M. teres minor )
5. Teres major ( M. teres major )
6. Subscapularis ( M. subscapularis )
7. Discuss among the group what Rotator cuff muscle is . Consists of what muscles do the
Rotator cuff ? What is their clinical application ?
8. Look for deltoipectoral triangle of Mohrenheim ( infraclavicular fossa , trigonum deltoideo
pectorale Mohrenheim). What anatomical structure located in that triangle ?

2
Identify brachial muscles ( Mm. brachiales )
1. Ventral muscles ( Mm. ventrales ; Flexors ) :
1.1. Biceps brachii ( M. biceps brachii ) :
1.1.1. Long head ( caput longum )
1.1.2. Short head ( caput breve )
1.2. Coracobrachialis ( M. coracobrachialis )
1.3. Brachialis ( M. brachialis )

2. Dorsal muscle ( M. Dorsalis , extensor ) :

Triceps brachii ( M. triceps brachii ) :
2.1. Long head ( caput longum )
2.2. Lateral head ( caput laterale )
2.3. Medial/deep head ( caput mediale / profundum )

Identify muscles of the lower arm ( Mm. antebrachii ). Look for :

1. Ventral muscles ( Mm. ventrales antebrachii ; flexors ):
1.1. Superficial layers ( lamina superficialis ) :
1.1.1. Pronator teres ( M. pronator teres )
1.1.2. Flexor carpi radialis ( M. flexor carpi radialis )
1.1.3. Palmaris longus ( M. palmaris longus )
1.1.4. Flexor carpi ulnaris ( M. flexor carpi ulnaris )
1.2. Intermediate layer ( lamina intermedius )
Flexor digitorum superficialis ( M. flexor digitorum superficialis )
1.3. Deep layer ( lamina profundus ) :
1.3.1. Flexor digitorum profundus ( M. flexor digitorum profundus )
1.3.2. Flexor pollicis longus ( M. flexor pollicis longus )
1.3.3. Pronator quadratus ( M. pronator quadratus )
2. Radial muscles ( Mm. radiales ; extensors ) :
2.1. Superficial layer ( lamina superficialis )
2.1.1 Brachioradialis ( M. brachioradialis )
2.1.2. Extensor carpi radiais longus ( M. extensor carpi radialis longus )
2.1.3. Extensor carpi radialis brevis ( M. extensor carpi radialis brevis )
2.2. Deep layer ( lamina profundus ) :
Supinator ( M. supinator )
3. Dorsal musles ( Mm. dorsales antebrachii ; extensors ) :
3.1. Superficial layer ( lamina superficialis ):
3.1.1. Anconeus ( M. anconeus )
3.1.2. Extensor digitorum communis ( M. extensor digitorum communis )
3.1.3. Extensor digiti minimi ( M. extensor digiti minimi )
3.1.4. Extensor carpi ulnaris ( M. extensor carpi ulnaris )
3.2. Deep layer ( lamina profundus ) :
3.2.1. Abductor pollicis longus ( M. abductor pollicis longus )
3.2.2. Extensor pollicis brevis ( M. extensor pollicis brevis )
3.2.3. Extensor pollicis longus ( M. extensor pollicis longus )
3.2.4. Extensor indicis ( M. extensor indicis )
4. Identify anatomical snuff box ( tabatiere anatomicum ). Look for its boundaries :
4.1. Lateral ( anterior ) : tendons of ( tendo musculi )
4.1.1. Abductor pollicis longus ( radially )
4.1.2. Extensor pollicis brevis ( medially )
4.2. Medial ( posterior ) : Extensor pollicis longus.:
4.3. Base : Carpal bones ( ossa carpaliae )

3
5. Discuss among the group contents of tabatiere anatomicun.

Identify muscles of the lower extremity . Look for :

1. Identify at the cadaver muscles of inner pelvic. Look for :
1.1. Psoas major ( M. psoas major )
1.2. Psoas minor ( M. psoas minor )
1.3. Iliacus ( M. iliacus )
Discuss among the group what is the name of those muscles distal to inguinal ligament of
Poupart ( lig. inguinale Pouparti )

2. Identify at the cadaver ventral muscles of the thigh ( extensor muscles ). Look for :
2.1. Sartorius ( M. sartorius )*
2.2. Quadriceps femoris ( M. quadriceps femoris ) :
10.2.1. Rectus femoris ( M. rectus femoris )
10.2.2. Vastus lateralis ( M. vastus lateralis )
10.2.3. Vastus intermedius ( M. vastus intermedius )
10.2.4. Vastus medialis ( M. vastus medialis )
Discus among the group the name and clinical application of quadriceps femoris tendon that
inserted to tibial tuberosity.

3. Identify at the cadaver medial muscles of the thigh ( adductor muscles ). Look for :
3.1. Superficial muscles :
11.1.1. Pectineus ( M. pectineus )
11.1.2. Adductor longus ( M. adductor longus )
11.1.3. Gracilis ( M. gracilis )*
3.2. Deep muscles :
11.2.1. Adductor brevis ( M. adductor brevis )
11.2.2. Adductor magnus ( M. adductor magnus )
11.2.3. Adductor minimus ( M. Adductor minimus )

4. Identify at the cadaver femoral triangle ( trigonum femorale Scarpae ). Look for its
boundaries :
4.1. superiorly : inguinal ligament ( lig. inguinale Pouparti ).
4.2. medially : medial border of Adductor longus ( M. adductor longus )
4.3. laterally : medial border of Sartorius ( M. Sartorius )

5. Discuss among the group

5.1. What makes the floor femoral triangle and its name.
5.2. Contents of femoral triangle.

6. Identify at the cadaver muscles of gluteal region. Look for :

6.1. Gluteus maximus ( M. Gluteus maximus )
Discus among the group clinical application of this muscle. What does line of safety at
the muscle mean especially connected to its clinical application?
6.2. Gluteus medius ( M. gluteus medius )
6.3. Piriformis ( M. piriformis )
6.4. Triceps coxae ( M. triceps coxae , Rotatores triceps ) :
6.4.1. Gemellus superior , Superior gemellus ( M. gemellus superior )
6.4.2. Obturator internus ( M. obturatorius internus )

4
 6.4.3. Gemellus inferior , Inferior gemellus ( M. gemellus inferior )
6.5. Quadratus femoris ( M. quadratus femoris )
6.6. Obturator externus ( M. obturatorius externus )
6.7. Tensor fasciae latae ( M. tensor fasciae latae )
7. Identify at the cadaver muscles of posterior femoral region ( Mm. Femorales dorsalis :
Flexor muscles ). Look for :
7.1. Ischiocrurales ( M. ischiocrurales , Hamstring muscles ) :
7.1.1. Semimembranous ( M. semimembranosus )
7.1.2. Semitendinous ( M. semitendinosus )*
7.1.3. Long head of Biceps femoris ( M. biceps femoris caput longum )
* Joint tendons of Semitendinosus, Gracilis and Sartorius at the medial side of the
knee is called pes anserinus ( looks like goose feet )
7.2. Short head of Biceps femoris ( M. biceps femoris caput brevis )
8. Identify at the cadaver anterolateral muscles of the leg ( Mm anterolaterales crurales :
extensors ). Look for :
8.1. Tibialis anterior ( M. tibialis anterior )
8.2. Extensor hallucis longus ( M. extensor hallucis longus )
8.3. Extensor digitorum longus ( M. extensor digitorum longus )
8.4. Peroneus tertius , Fibularis tertius ( M. peroneus tertius , M. fibularis tertius)
8.5. Peroneus longus , Fibularis longus ( M. peroneus longus , M. fibularis longus )
8.6. Peroneus brevis , Fibularis brevis ( M. peroneus brevis , M. fibularis brevis )
9. Identify posterior muscles of the leg ( Mm. Dorsales crurales : flexors ):
9.1. Triceps surae ( M. triceps surae ) :
9.1.1. Gastrocnemius ( M.gastrocnemius )
9.1.2. Soleus ( M. soleus )
9.1.3 Discuss among the group :
9.1.3.1. The name of joint tendons of M. triceps surae nthat inserted to
calcaneus.
9.1.3.2. What is the clinical application of that tendon ?
9.2. Plantaris ( M. plantaris )
1. Identify at the cadaver deep posterior muscles of the leg ( Lamina profundi mm.
crurales ). Look for :
1.1. Flexor digitorum longus ( M. flexor digitorum longus )
1.2. Tibialis posterior ( M. tibialis posterior )
1.3. Flexor hallucis longus ( M. flexor hallucis longus )

SPECIMENS :
1.. Cadaver
2. Plastinate

REFERENCES :

1. Atlas of Anatomy
2. Federative International Programme on Anatomical Terminologies : Terminologia
Anatomica, 2nd edit.,Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart – New York.
3. Textbook of Anatomy
4. Lecture materials

INSTRUCTORS :

5
1. Bernard SM Hutabarat, dr, PAK
2. Stefanus S Sumali,dr,MBiomed
3. Deisy Budiono, dr
GOD SPEED AND BLESS THE STUDENTS