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    69 views11 pages

    Astm A697

    Uploaded by

    Max

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Designation: A 697/A 697M ~ 03 Standard Test Method for Alternating Current Magnetic Properties of Laminated Core Specimen Using Voltmeter-Ammeter-Wattmeter Methods" "This sands isted under the ised designation A GO7IA 697M: the aber aealy lloing the dessins the year ‘Feigao oi the ease af evision the yar revision Amar preteens the ear of 8 Teapot ‘Aspect cp esac an tral change since the lt revision ce appre 1, Scope 1.1 This test method covers the determination of several ac magnetic properties of laminated cores made from flat-rolled magnetic materials. 12 This test method covers teste forthe determination of impedance permeability poser from voltage and current measurements, and core loss fiom wattmeter measurements. These tests are made under conditions of sinusoidal fax. 1.3 This test metho! covers tests fortwo general categories, (1nd 2) of cores based on size and application [4 Tests are provided for power and control size cores {Cxegory 1) operating at inductions of 10 t0 15 KG [1.0 0 L 5 ‘| and at frequencies of 50, 60, and 400 He. 1.5 Procedures and tests are provided for coupling and snatching type transformer cores (Category 2) over the range of| inductions from 100 G [0.01 T] or lower to 10 kG [1.0 T] and above at 50 to 60 Hz oF above when covered by suitable procurement specifications, 16 This test method also covers tests for core loss and ae impedance permeability under incremental test conditions (ae magnetization superimposed on de magnetization) for the above core types and at inductions up to those that cause the ae exciting current to become excessively distorted or reach ‘aloes that exceed the limits of the individual test equipment components 17 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A 34/A 34M and Terminology A 340. It depends upon these designated documents and a related reference test manual fo detailed information which will not be repeated in this tes, method 18 The valves and equations stated in customary (egs-emut and ineh-pound) or ST units are (o be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets. The values slated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon- formance with this standard "This st mathe Is under the arti of Commitee AOS om Magnetic Fas a ithe det espns of Sabeommitee AUG. on Test Metis Gare eton appeed Oct. 2003, Pied Nonerer 2008, Degli Sep in 1974 Last vious eon approve in 1998 8 A697 V8 AST etna, 00 19 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilty of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents, 21 ASTM Standards: * A34IA 34M. Practice for Sampling and Procurement Test- ing of Magnetic Materials A340 Terminology of Symbols and Defi Magnetic Testing 3. ‘Terminology. 3.1 The terms and symbols listed below apply only to this test method, The official list of symbols and definitions may be Found in Terminology A 340. 3.2 Symbols AL = Elaninati srloce area, one side oy, amination surface ate, ne son, Iominaton stack heh, or 4. Summary of Test Method 4.1 For Category I cores, the recommended tests are made ata frequency of 60 Hz and ata test induction within the range from 10 through 15 kG [1.0 to 1.5 Tl 4.2 For Category 2 cores, the recommended tests are made at a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz and at inductions of 40, 100 or 200, 2000, $000, 6000, 7000, and 10.000 G (0.004, 0.01 or 0.02, 0.2, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 1.0 T]. Any of all may be required depending on the type of core material. * For elernced ASTM sandals, vis the ASTM web, wustasin ong, or coubet ASTM Castomee Save a service @astn.ag, For Antal Book of ASTM, Sen intra, i sla Da Sy ae fly’ a 697/A 697M - 03 the tertiary winding N , is designed so that the 5, Significance and Use 5.1 This test method was developed for evaluating the ac magnetic properties of laminated cores made from flat-rolled magnetic materials. 5.2 The reproducibility and repeatability of this test method ‘are Such that this test method is suitable for design, specifica tion acceptance, service evaluation, and research and develop- ‘ment, 6. Apparatus 6.1 The apparatus for testing under this test method! shall consist of as many of the following components, described i 62 through 6.12, as required t0 perform the desired test measurements (62 Test Coils—In general, test coils are designed to sur- round a square center leg stack (lamination slack height equal to center leg width), They consist of two or more windings with the secondary wound on the coil form first. Thee groups of| standard test coils ae dseribed in 6.2.1 though 6.2.3. Each of these has been designed to provide specific features during test Because of tums, col resistance, and magnitude of induced voltage, each has particular field of application 62.1 The coils listed in Table 1, for testing Category | cores, hve been designed to have equ primary and secondary tums and provide an induced voltage of 115 V when operating ata peak fx density of 15 KG [1.5 T] at 60 Hz 622 The coils listed in Table 2, for testing Category 2 cores, have been designed to have characteristics that provide 4 direct readout capability for incremental permeability. The test eo is designed so that the primary winding Ny = 100\/2 a fy, the secondary winding 0 fy andl ‘TABLE 1 Test Colle for E/ Laminations Used at 60 Hz in Power Application y= 5/2 w hand Ny, = 20). 62.3 The coils listed in Table 3 have been designed for testing Category 1 cores at a frequency of 400 Hz. 6.3 Flex Voltmeter—The flux voltmeter shall be « true average responsive volumeter calibrated to read -V/2 wi times the full wave rectified average voltage so that its indications will be identical to those of a true rms voltmeter on a pure sinusoidal voltage, To produce the estimated precision of tests under this test method, the full-seale errors shall not exceed (0.5 % (0.25 % or better preferred). Either digital or analog fax voltmeters are permitted, The normally high impedance of Jigial Mux voltmeters is desirable to minimize loading eects ‘The internal resistance of an analog flux voltmeter shall not be less than 1000 Q/V of full-scale indication. 6.4 A variable voltage divider on the input of the fx voltmeter may be used to scale the voltmeter reading. The Voltage divider should provide for ratio adjustments to four significant figures to establish the desired fraction of the secondary voltage that sto be impressed onthe flux voltmeter. Care must be taken to assure that the voltage rating of a ratio transformer is adequate for use at the test frequency and voltage. A resistive voltage divider may be used with high impedance electronie voltmeters, Dividers having a total resis tance of at least 10 KO for low-voltage tests and 100 KO or more for other tess are preferred. When a resistive volage divider is used, additional correction for instrument burden ray be required eliminate dhe effect ofthe resistive loses in the voltage divider upon measurements 65 RMS Volumeter, V—A true rms responsive voltneter shall be used to indicate the rms voliage for exciting power Category 1 [Noms 1—Winding forms shoud allow for at eat 0.030-in,[0.076 Ade elle We ae ee mn = oem 165 zo” —03600 79 1380 " oh ater o2me tsar aoa ta 1208 e8 Bf NO iin. eave: aw Gasee tata am? = ton aster t300 ce tes = % eso Sw armas «© aos oo Sam 1.300 Ce “beso oars 20 soon a8 1333 a oii) et nw Gomme toa amit abaya a8 Ee cor ees Sw os am) ee Sass ars Fame 18 Bo teow tam rt eo tome amo ae tar oe a a aT a oa ose 1748 Sw ins usa elas wae Es poms Sn Ss 108 ty a1 eas ats sik fe 8 om te Bas ts08 33602 318 oH hs ore MeL kh fe om Ne Fe a a Tc a es 338368 hate aa ‘ay ar seas eer ist a 1526 a0 tee ve 81 em msm Bet yon idm asia tet oa HS eset soo te Sars 1303 Se HS Seat im =H om” 2m twins © ass «sis iruouo tise eum Hom Bm aes 28S Basra 132 fim HS ot to mtr Bas ar00 1310 fim ANS OS tee ay Sree 1383 sie "Hoa tie srw Sao Snes Pastas t50 ts tat pie lteter Se ae Tang ae 324 fi Msn) tar S55 hae 7318720 137 Sie AHS nItem 3590 tas an 13 Bis W013 tle 75 1Bw Gps aaa Ozts Sass imo 15s Bus Hotere ks 6955 kaa S228 se 1326 fis Sa as Sot awe Sage Se : 1320 Bus AHS One ans Sar te s0G 1320 sus Msn aus | air tae aa eis sin tiga 1327 Sir HSB? ics tw Go adttne Nason to | ehir R18 Sasa fio Sas hte raa0 327 4 a er) aoe sag 5000 1320 fio mW oho 3493 tw 920 saan ae PN Scoo ast Bir AMG ots Sao sw ms Steams Samo nas tga rT) Sm ew oak 135s Somo mame an | Bo ts 330 952 S421 TSI iz i Sip AK Sano toos Sto Haas ana 1320 i Bi AHS ss ato 0s Gat 848 Baal ime i ge Hoot te Sato vee iss as aan ian it ge Hoses tanya antares aoa a } Sie SOs aa is aaa tras Ha 138 | Gm Manse Ads 1Sw 3 RHO todo ar tar | Sus some tea ise ores 83 Hes 13a i fs Ror teas ise testa Lar tor ais te om tm as 3s oro ono : mio Hota meaats Sw Jost 1068) ast asd ta ade i Bee Hale 2k 530 tow mis tao ee tara aD Bz Smaak tw Batten maskless aT 825 fH teas aS wees tan Shri] u ew PN now rst ee me ee (fly a 69710 697m - 03 Appendix X2 which permits the proper alignment of the joints by forces of magnetic attraction developed when the core is cnergized to high inductions, Bolting or clamping of the test specimen should be avoided as this introduces variation which is not reproducible. The cover plate (D) shown in the test fixture described in Appendix X2 should be used to provide a mild top pressure 9. Procedure 9.1 Preliminary Procedwes—Examine the test specimen for damage or improper preparation, 9.1.1 Select the proper numberof laminations (Section 7) to form the test specimen. 9.1.2 Then weigh the portion of the test specimen that isto be used in the calculation of cross-sectional area in accordance with 82. 9.1.3 Then stack the test specimen (See 8.4) into a west coil of suitable size and number of turns appropriate for use in condueting the desired ts [Nore 5—The number an type of ests dosited, as well as avilable ‘equipment, may influence the test eal selection. For these easons the cll Selected shall he matter of agreement between the producer andthe usc. 9.1.4 Assemble the stacked test specimen and coil into the test Jig_as shown in Appendix X2 and connect into the appropriate test equipment of Fig. 1 ot Fig. 9.2 Procedures for Core-Loss Measurements: 9.2.1 Connect the equipment as shown in Fig. 1 (see Note 6). Unless otherwise specified, the test coil shall be one of those of Table 1 for Category 1 cores. Nore 6—Switches SI ough 56 may be omited if impedances of measurement instruments are such as to cause negligible error in results 9.2.2 Determine the flux voltages induced in the secondary winding, Nz, at the desired test inductions. 3 Open switches S4 and $5 and close switches 53, 56, SI, and 52, Set $8 to the lowest tap that permits excitation of, the test specimen to an induction level of 15 kG (1.5 T). Set and maintain an induction of approximately 15 kG in the test specimen while tapping the edges of the stack with a small, sofl-surfaced mallet. Observe the reading on the ammeter that measures primary current and continue tapping until the current reaches a minimum value. This procedure reduces the ‘gaps to a minimum value 9.2.4 Demugnetize the specimen by slowly reducing the excitation from the lowest level of 9.2.3 to the lowest setting of the variable transformer or autotransformer. This shall be ‘accomplished with a steady uniform motion, free of hesitations ‘or reversals. Randomly variable contacts tend to generate ‘magnetizing force transients which may degrade the quality of the demagnetization, 9.2.5 With 6 open and S# and $5 closed, set the flux voltage, Ey, to the value corresponding to the lowest induction ‘at which ‘core losses are to be measured. Then read the altimeter and record the power reading for that induction. In ‘ascending order of inductions, repeat the measurement proce. dure for other inductions. 9.3 Procedures for RMS Excitation and RMS Exciting Power: 9.3.1 ‘The equipment and test coil are connected as for core loss in 9.2.1 9.3.2 Determine the flux voltages induced in the secondary winding, N, athe desired test inductions. 9.3.3 Open switches $4 and $5 and close switches 53, 56, SS, and S2 as for core loss in 9.2.3, Then demagnetize the test specimen using the procedure described in 9.2.3 and 9.2.4 9.3.4 With $3 and S4 open and $6, $1, and S2 closed, set the flux voltage to the value corresponding to the lowest desired test induction, Then open S2-and quickly read and record the sms voltage. Close $2 to check the induction setting; then open both $5 and $2 and quickly read and record the value of rms current, In ascending order of inductions, repeat the measure- ‘ment procedure for other inductions. 94 Procedures for Apparent ac Magnetizing Force, H,, and Impedance Permeability ty 9.4.1 For this measurement, the equipment is usually con nected as shown in Fig. 2 and, unless otherwise specified, th test coil shall be one of those of Table 2 for Category 2 cores 9.4.2 Determine the flux voltages induced in the secondary ‘winding, N,, at the desired test inductions 9.4.3 Close switch $1 and set $8 to the lowest tap which permits excitation of the test specimen to an induction level of 15 kG [1.5 Tl. Set and maintain an induction of approximately 15 kG in the test specimen while tapping the edges ofthe stack With a small, soft-surfaced mallet, Observe the reading on the ammeter that measures primary current and continue tapping until the current reaches a minimum value. This procedure reduces the air gaps to a minimum value. 9.4.4 Observing the precautions of 9.24, demagnetize the {est specimen by slowly and uniformly reducing the excitation to a zero field level 9.4.5 With $1 open and S2 set to connect the flux volimete. Vp to the secondary winding, N, set the flux voltage to the value corresponding to the lowest test induction. Then open S2 and quickly read and record the value of the mms voltage diop

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