B.ING.Wajib – 3.5/4.

5/4/13

PASSIVE VOICE
1. Identitas
a. Mata Pelajaran : Bahasa Inggris A
b. Semester :4
c. Kompetensi Dasar :

3.5 Menganalisis fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan untuk menyatakan dan
menanyakan tentang tindakan/kegiatan/kejadian tanpa perlu menyebutkan pelakunya dalam
teks ilmiah, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.

4.5 Menyusun teks lisan dan tulis, untuk menyatakan dan menanyakan tentang tindakan/
kegiatan/kejadian tanpa perlu menyebutkan pelakunya dalam teks ilmiah, dengan
memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai
konteks.

d. Materi Pokok : Passive Voice

e. Alokasi Waktu : 6 jp
f. Tujuan Pembelajaran :

Melalui diskusi, tanya jawab, penugasan, presentasi dan analisis, peserta didik dapat membedakan
dan menangkap makna teks khusus dalam bentuk iklan kegiatan (event)., dengan memperhatikan
fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai konteks, sehingga
peserta didik dapat meneladani, membanggakan, bertindak teratur, teliti, disiplin, kerjasama, dan
bertanggung jawab dalam komunikasi dengan orang lain, serta dapat mengembangkan
kemampuan berpikir kritis, komunikasi, kolaborasi, kreativitas (4C).

g. Materi Pembelajaran :
Sudarwati, Th.M., dkk. 2011. Pathway to English 2 Peminatan . Penerbit Erlangga.
Astuti, Eka Mulya. 2013. English Zone 2. Penerbit Erlangga.
Murphy, Raymond. 2005. Grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press.
Azar, Betty. 2005. Understanding and Using English Grammar. Longman.
Internet

h. Peta konsep :
Passive Voice

Struktur teks

Fungsi

Unsur kebahasaan

i. Kegiatan Pembelajaran :

ARE YOU SURPRISED?

Read the text.

The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a ‘cursed tree’. Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the
number of visitors to Frinley has now increased. The tree was planted near a church fifty years ago, but it is
only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation. It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have
bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. Many villagers believe that the tree has already claimed a number of
victims. The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused. He has pointed out that
the tree is a useful source of income as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it. In
spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk.
So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!

Answer the questions.

1. What made many tourists come to Frinley?
2. How long has the tree been planted?
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3. What is said to happen if someone touches the ‘cursed tree’?

4. Why does the vicar refuse to cut down the tree?
5. What has happened to the tourists who break the myth about the tree?
6. Underline the passive sentences of the text above.

Let’s Study
Compare:
- They built this house in 1486. (active)
This house was built in 1486. (passive)

- Channel Islanders speak French and English. (active)

French is spoken in France, Belgium, Switzerland, the Channel Islands … (passive)

- This book will change your life. (active)

Your life will be changed by this book. (passive)

When we say what people and things do, we use active verb forms like built, speak, will change. When we say
what happens to people and things – what is done to them – we often use passive verb forms like was built, is
spoken, will be changed.

The object of an active verb becomes the subject of a passive verb.

Active : They built this house in 1486.

Passive : This house was built in 1486.

In most cases, the subject of an active verb is not expressed in the corresponding passive sentence. If it has to
be expressed, this usually happens in an expression with by; the noun is called the ‘agent’. The agent is often
omitted when it is not known or not important to know exactly who performs an action.

This house was built in 1486 by Sir John Latton.

Rice is grown in India.

Here is a list of all the passive forms of an ordinary English verb, with their names.

Active Passive
People speak English here.
V1 (simple present) is/am/are + pp English is spoken here.

The nurse is bathing the The baby is being bathed.

is/am/are + Ving is/am/are + being + pp
baby.

Jane invited me to the I was invited to the party

V2 (simple past) was/were + pp
party.
I felt as if I was being
I felt as if someone was
was/were + Ving was/were + being + pp watched.
watching me.
Mary has been told about
I have told Mary about the
has/have + pp has/have + been + pp the schedule.
schedule.
I knew why I had been
I knew why people had
had + pp had + been + pp chosen.
chosen me.
You will be told when the
Somebody will tell you will/can/should/ will/can/should/etc + be +
time comes.
when the time comes. etc + V1 pp
We will have done will have + pp will have + been + pp Everything will have been
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done by Tuesday.
everything by Tuesday.
Budi is going to be
The teacher is going to is/am/are + going is/am/are + going to + be
punished next week.
punish Budi next week. to + V1 + pp

Let’s Try
A. Change the sentences from active to passive.
1. Shakespeare wrote that play.
____________________________________________________________
2. People grow corn in Iowa.
____________________________________________________________
3. Someone must send this letter immediately.
____________________________________________________________
4. They didn’t give me the money.
____________________________________________________________
5. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
____________________________________________________________
6. They have built a new hospital near the airport.
____________________________________________________________
7. People don’t use this road very often.
____________________________________________________________
8. How much will they pay you?
____________________________________________________________
9. Did you post the letter a week ago?
____________________________________________________________
10. Where has Mary taken these photographs?
____________________________________________________________

B. Change the sentences from passive to active.

1. This exercise is being done very carefully.
The students ________________________________________________
2. Were any questions asked about me?
______ the reporter __________________________________________?
3. Progress is made in the world of science everyday.
The scientists ________________________________________________
4. The article has been written carefully.
The author ________________________________________________
5. The piano was being played far too loudly.
Genie ____________________________________________________
6. The matter will not be discussed tomorrow.
We ______________________________________________________

7. The picture is always admired.

The visitors of the museum ___________________________________
8. Has your question been answered?
______ the teacher _________________________________________?
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9. The chickens were not fed this morning.

I ________________________________________________________
10. She said that some ink had been spilt on the carpet.
She said that her son ________________________________________

C. Choose the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

FIAT
Fiat (started/was started) by a group of Italian businessmen in 1899. In 1903, Fiat (produced/was
produced) 132 cars. Some of these cars (exported/were exported) by the company to the United
States and Britain. In 1920, Fiat (started/was started) making cars at a new factory at Lingotto,
near Turin. There was a track on the roof where the cars (tested/were tested) by technicians. In
1936, Fiat launched the Fiat 500. This car (called/was called) the Topolino – the Italian name for
Mickey Mouse. The company grew, and in 1963 Fiat (exported/was exported) more than 300,000
vehicles. Today, Fiat is based in Turin, and its cars (sold/are sold) all over the world.

Not all verbs can be passive forms. Passive structures are impossible with intransitive verbs like die or arrive,
which cannot have objects, because there is nothing to become the subject of a passive sentence. Some
transitive verbs, too, are seldom used in the passive. Most of these are ‘stative verbs’ (verbs which refer to
states, not actions). Examples are fit, have, lack, resemble, suit.

They have a nice house. (BUT NOT A nice house is had by them)
My shoes don’t fit me. (BUT NOT I’m not fitted by my shoes)

Let’s Try
Supply the stative passive of the given verbs. Use the SIMPLE PRESENT or SIMPLE PAST.

1. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It (make) ____________ of cotton.

2. The door to this room (shut) ____________.
3. The lights in this room (turn) ____________ on.
4. This room (crowd, not) ____________.
5. Jim is sitting quietly. His elbows (bend) ____________, and his hands (fold) ____________ in front of
him.
6. We can leave now because class (finish) ____________.
7. Yesterday it was hot in this room because the window (close) ____________.
8. We can’t go any farther. The car (stick) ____________ in the mud.
9. My room is very neat right now. The bed (make) ____________, the floor (sweep) ____________, and
the dishes (wash) ____________.
10. We are ready to sit down and eat dinner. The table (set) ____________, the meat and rice (do)
____________, and the candles (light) ____________.
11. Where’s my wallet? It (go) ____________! Did you take it?
12. Hmmm. My dress (tear) ____________. I wonder how that happened.

Many verbs, such as give, send, show, lend, can be followed by two objects, an ‘indirect object’ and a ‘direct
object’. These usually refer to a person (indirect object) and a thing (direct object). Two structures are
possible.

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She gave her sister the car.

i.o. d.o.

Her sister was given the car.

The car was given to her sister.

Let’s Try
Find the indirect object in each sentence and make it the focus of attention by using it as the subject of a
passive sentence. Use the by-phrase only if necessary.

1. Someone handed Ann a menu at the restaurant.

____________________________________________________________
2. Indiana University has awarded Peggy a scholarship.
____________________________________________________________
3. Some company paid Fred three hundred dollars in consulting fees for a job he did last week.
____________________________________________________________
4. Someone has given Maria a promotion at her job as a computer programmer at Microsoft.
____________________________________________________________
5. They will send you a bill at the end of the month.
____________________________________________________________
6. Someone will give the starving people a week’s supply of rice as soon as the food supplies arrive in the
famine-stricken area.
____________________________________________________________

Additional notes:

Normally, there is no such thing as a passive imperative, but occasionally ‘let’ is used in this way.
Bring the prisoner in. (active)
Let the prisoner be brought in. (passive)

Some sentences have infinitives or clauses as their objects. These cannot normally become the subjects of
passive sentences.

John hoped to meet her.

(BUT NOT To meet her was hoped by John.)

The newspapers say that his company is in trouble.

(BUT NOT That his company is in trouble is said …)

However, passive structures are often possible if it is used as a preparatory subject for a clause.
It was thought that she was a spy.
It is said that his company is in trouble.

A. Use the correct tenses and passive forms of the verbs in brackets.

FISHY TALES

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Mermaids (see)1 …………………… by sailors for centuries. The basis of all mermaid myths (suppose) 2
…………………… to be a creature called a Manatee: a kind of walrus! Mermaids used (to show) 3
…………………… in funfairs until recently. It all began in 1817 when a ‘mermaid’ (buy) 4 …………………… for
$6,000 by a sailor in the South Pacific. She (eventually sell) 5 …………………… to the great circus-owner
Barnum. She (exhibit)6 …………………… in 1842 as ‘The Feejee Mermaid’. It (say) 7 …………………… that she
earned Barnum $1,000 a week! The thousands who saw this mermaid (must/disappoint) 8 ……………………
She (cleverly make)9 …………………… by a Japanese fisherman. A monkey’s head (delicately sew) 10
…………………… to the tail of a large salmon. The job (so skillfully do) 11 …………………… that the join between
the fish and the monkey was invisible. Real imagination (must/require) 12 …………………… to see this revolting
creatures as a beautiful mermaid combing her golden hair!

B. Put the correct forms, active or passive, of the verbs in brackets.

HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES (?)

Lord Manners was a rich and famous banker. When he (die) 1 …………………… recently, he (give)2
…………………… a magnificent funeral which (attend) 3 …………………… by hundreds of famous people. The
funeral was going to (hold)4 …………………… in Westminster Abbey. Many ordinary people (line) 5
…………………… the streets to watch the procession. The wonderful black and gold carriage (draw) 6
…………………… by six black horses. The mourners (follow) 7 …………………… in silence. Lord Manners (give) 8
…………………… a royal farewell. Two tramps were among the crowd. They (watch) 9 …………………… the
procession with amazement. As solemn music (could hear) 10 …………………… in the distance, one of them
(turn)11 …………………… to the other and (whisper) 12 …………………… in admiration, ‘Now, that’s what I call
really living!’.

ADDITIONAL EXERCISES

A. Change the verbs in the brackets into the correct passive forms.

A: There was a storm on the coast last night.

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B: ______________________________ ? (anything/damage)
A: Yes. Some trees fell on cars. Fortunately, nobody was killed.
B: How many cars _______________ during the storm? (crush)
A: Three or four.
B: ______________________________ ? (the trees/remove/yet)
A: Yes, they have. But the cars are still there.
B: When ___________________________ ? (the cars/remove)
A: Tomorrow, I hope.
B: ______________________________ ? (the cars/badly/damage)
A: Yes, they are. One of them is completely destroyed.

B. Change the sentences in the paragraphs into passive.

1. People have used ink for writing and drawing throughout history. None knows when people developed the
first ink. The ancient Egyptians and Chinese made ink from various natural substances, such as berries,
soot, and tree bark. Through the centuries, people have developed thousands of different formulas for
ink. People make most ink today from synthetic chemicals.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

2. The main writing material of ancient times was papyrus. People used it in Egypt, Greece, and other
Mediterranean lands. They made parchment, another writing material that they widely used in ancient
times, from animal skin such as sheep and goats. After they had removed the hair, they stretched and
rubbed the smooth skins so that they could write on them. The Chinese invented paper, the main writing
material today.

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

C. Change the following passive forms into active ones.

1. My proposal was accepted after it had been considered carefully.

__________________________________________
2. I left the restaurant because I wasn’t served for half an hour.
__________________________________________
3. The parcel should arrive tomorrow. It has already been sent.
__________________________________________
4. Why has coca cola been chosen as a number one drink?
__________________________________________
5. Are the burglars being spied? Will they be caught before the sun rises?
__________________________________________