M.G.S.

UNIVERSITY,
BIKANER

SYLLABUS
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION AND COURSES OF STUDY

FACULTY OF ARTS

ECONOMICS

B.A. Part-III EXAMINATION 2021

 B.A. PART-III
ECONOMICS
There shall be two papers and the maximum marks for each paper
together with minimum marks required for a pass are shown against
each paper separately.

Two papers Min. Marks Max. Marks

Paper I 36 100

Paper II 36 100

PAPER – I

MONEY, BANKING AND PUBLIC FINANCE

Duration – 3hrs Max. Marks - 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10
questions two from each unit of 2 marks each. The candidate is required to answer
al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall contain 5
questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks.
The answers should not exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all
the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks each, one from each
unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not
exceed 500 words.

UNIT-I : Value of Money and Inflation

Money-concept and Importance, quantity theory of money, cash transaction
and cash balance approaches; The Keynesian approach, Inflation, deflation and
reflation, definition, types. causes and effects of inflation on different sectors of the
economy; Demand pull and cost-push inflation; Measures to control inflation, Philips
curve, Determinants of money supply - High powered money and money multiplier.
UNIT-II : Commercial Banking
Meaning types and Functions of commercial banks. The process of credit
Creation. Evolution of commercial banking in India after independence. Recent
reform in banking sector.
 UNIT-III : Central Banking
Functions of a central bank; quantitative and qualitative methods of credit
Control- Bank rate policy, Open market operations, Variable reserve ratio and
Selective methods, Role and functions of the Reserve Bank of India. Objectives and
limitations of monetary policy with special reference to India.
UNIT-IV : Nature and Scope of Public Finance
Meaning and scope of public finance; Distinction between private and public
finance; Public goods; The principle of maximum social advantage; Public
Expenditure- Meaning, classification and principle of public expenditure; Canons
and effects of public expenditure.
UNIT-V : Taxation and Public Debt
Sources of public revenue; Taxation, canons and classification of taxes;
Impact and incidence and shifting of taxes; Taxable capacity; Effects of taxation;
Characteristics of a good tax system. Sources of public borrowing; Effects of public
debt. Various concepts of budget deficits.
SUGGESTED BOOKS
* Ackley, G. (1978), Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy, Macmillan Publishing
Co., New York.
* Gupta, S.B. (1994), Monetary Economics, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.
* Musgrave, R.A. and PB. Musgrave (1976), Public Finance in Theory and
Practice, McGraw Hill, Kogakusha, Tvkyo.
* Shapiro, E. (1996), Macroeconomic Analysis, Galgotia Publications, New
Delhi.
* S. Ganguly - Public Finance
* Tyagi B.P - Public Finance
* Bhatia H.L. - Public Finance
* Lekhi RK. - Public Finance
* Nathuramka L.N.- Money, Banking and Public Finance
 vFkZ'kkL=
fo"k; esa nks iz'u i= gksx
a s vkSj izR;sd iz'u i= ds fy, vf/kdre vad o U;wure mRrh.kkZad
izR;sd iz'u i= ds lkFk i`Fkd ls n'kkZ;s x, gSa &
nks iz'u i= U;wure mRrh.kkZad vf/kdre vad
72 200
iz'u i=&1 3 ?kaVs le;kof/k 36 100
iz'u i=&2 3 ?kaVs le;kof/k 36 100

izFke iz'u i= & eqnzk] cSafdax vkSj yksd foRr

le;kof/k % 3 ?kaVs vf/kdre vad % 100
uksV % iz'u i= ds dqy rhu [k.M gksx
a As [k.M ^v* esa izR;sd bdkbZ ls 2 vadksa ds 2 iz'u] dqy 10
iz'u gksx
a As ijh{kkFkhZ ds fy, lHkh iz'uksa ds mRrj nsuk vfuok;Z gSA izR;sd mRrj dh 'kCn lhek 50
'kCnksa ls vf/kd ugha gksxhA [k.M&c eas izR;sd bdkbZ esa ls 1 iz'u vkarfjd fodYi lfgr dqy 5
iz'u gksx
a As izR;sd iz'u 7 vad dk gksxkA ijh{kkFkhZ ds fy, lHkh iz'uksa ds mRrj nsuk vfuok;Z gSA
izR;sd mRrj dh 'kCn lhek 200 'kCnksa ls vf/kd ugha gksxhA [k.M&l esa izR;sd bdkbZ ls 15 vad ksa
dk 1 iz'u] dqy 5 iz'u gksx
a As ijh{kkFkhZ dks fdUgha 3 iz'uksa ds mRrj nsus gksaxsA izR;sd [k.M dh 'kCn
lhek 500 'kCnksa ls vf/kd ugha gksxhA

bdkbZ&1 % eqnzk dk ewY; o LQhfr

eqnzk&vo/kkj.kk o egRo] eqnzk dk ifjek.k fl)kar] udn ysunsu vkSj udn 'ks"k n`f"Vdks.k]
dhUl n`f"Vdks.k] eqnzk LQhfr] voLQhfr vkSj foLQhfr&ifjHkk"kk] izdkj vkSj vFkZO;oLFkk ds fofHkUu
{ks=ksa ij LQhfr ds izHkko] ekax izsfjr o ykxr izsfjr LQhfr] LQhfr dks fu;af=r djus ds mik;]
LQhfr vkSj csjsktxkjh ds chp VªSM&vkWQ fLFkfr] fQfyIl oØA eqnzkiwfrZ ds fu/kkZjd rRo&mPp 'kfDr
eqnzk vkSj eqnzk xq.kd
bdkbZ&2 % O;kikfjd cSafdax
vFkZ o izdkj % O;kikfjd cSadksa ds dk;Z] lk[k fuekZ.k izfØ;k mn~ns'; ,oa lhek,a] Lora=rk ds
ckn Hkkjr esa O;kikfjd cSadksa dk fodkl] Hkkjr esa cSafdax {ks= esa lq/kkjA
bdkbZ&3 % dsUnzh; cSafdax
dsUnzh; cSfdax ds dk;Z% lk[k fu;a=.k o ifjek.kkRed o xq.kkRed mik;] cSad nj uhfr] [kqys
cktkj dh fØ;k,a] ifjorZu'khy fjtoZ vuqikr vkSj p;ukRed fof/k;k] Hkkjr esa fjtZo cSad dh
Hkwfedk vkSj dk;Z] Hkkjr ds lanHkZ esa ekSfnzd uhfr ds mn~ns'; o lhek,aA
bdkbZ&4 % yksd foÙk dh izd`fr o {ks=
 jktLo dk vFkZ o {ks= % futh o lkoZtfud for esa varj lkoZtfud oLrq,a futh oLrq,a]
vf/kdre lkekftd ykHk dk fl)kar] lkotZfud O;; & vFkZ] oxhZdj.k vkSj fl)kar] lkoZtfud
O;; ds fu;e o izHkko A
bdkbZ&5 % djkjksi.k ,oa lkoZtfud _.k
lkoZtfud vk; ds óksr % djkjksi.k& djksa ds fu;e o oxhZdj.k] djk?kkr] djkikr o dj
foorZu dj ns; {kerk] djkjksi.k ds izHkko] mÙke dj O;oLFkk dh fo'ks"krk,aA lkoZtfud m/kkj ds
lzkrs vkSj lkoZtfud _.k ds izHkko] ctV ?kkVs ds fofHkUu vo/kkj.kk,aA
 PAPER II (A)
STATISTICS AND MATHEMATICS
Duration – 3hrs Max. Marks - 100
Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10
questions two from each unit of 2 marks each. The candidate is required to answer
al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall contain 5
questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks.
The answers should not exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all
the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks each, one from each
unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not
exceed 500 words.

UNIT I : Introduction to Statistics

Basic concepts; Population, Sample, Frequency Distribution, Cumulative
Frequency, Graphic and diagrammatic representation of data, Techniques of data
collection, Sampling Vs Population, primary and secondary data. Measures of
central tendency. Mean, Median, Mode.
UNIT-II : Dispersion and Index Number
Measures of dispersion, Range, Mean Deviation, Quartile deviation, Standard
deviation. Skewness. Index Number: concepts, price relative, quantity relative, value
relative; Laspeyer's, Paasche's and Fisher. Problems in the construction and
limitations of index number.
UNIT-III : Correlation and Regression
Correlation: Simple, coefficient of correlation - Karl Pearson and Rank
Correlation. Regression analysis- Estimation of regression line in bivariate
distribution, Least squares Method.
UNIT-IV : Time Series and Interpolation
Time series analysis - Concept and components - Determination of regular
trend and seasonal indices . Interpolation (Newton's and Binomial method).Current
population census 2001. Statistical system in India. Agriculture, Industrial and trade
statistics in India
 UNIT-V
Association of attributes[two attributes only]. Chi-square test. Differentiation of
a function: Integration of a function. Various types of matrices, Inverse of a matrix,
Determinants, Crammer's rule.
SUGGESTED BOOKS
* Allen, R.G.D. (1974), Mathematical Analysis for Economics, Macmillan Press,
London.
* Chiang, AC (1986), Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics (III
Edition), McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
* Croxton, FE and D.J. Cowden and S. Klein (1973), Applied General Statistics,
Prentice Hall, New Delhi.
* Gupta, S.C. and V.K. Kapoor (1993), Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, S.
Chand and Sons, New Delhi.
* Nathuramka L.N. – Applications of Mathematics in Elementary Economics
* Gokhroo D.C.- Mathematics for Economists
* dSyk'kukFk ukxj& lkaf[;dh ds ewy rRo
 iz'u i= 2¼v½ % lkaf[;dh ,oa xf.kr

le;kof/k % 3 ?kaVs vf/kdre vad % 100

uksV % iz'u i= ds dqy rhu [k.M gksx
a As [k.M ^v* esa izR;sd bdkbZ ls 2 vadksa ds 2 iz'u] dqy 10
iz'u gksx
a As ijh{kkFkhZ ds fy, lHkh iz'uksa ds mRrj nsuk vfuok;Z gSA izR;sd mRrj dh 'kCn lhek 50
'kCnksa ls vf/kd ugha gksxhA [k.M&c eas izR;sd bdkbZ esa ls 1 iz'u vkarfjd fodYi lfgr dqy 5
iz'u gksx
a As izR;sd iz'u 7 vad dk gksxkA ijh{kkFkhZ ds fy, lHkh iz'uksa ds mRrj nsuk vfuok;Z gSA
izR;sd mRrj dh 'kCn lhek 200 'kCnksa ls vf/kd ugha gksxhA [k.M&l esa izR;sd bdkbZ ls 15 vadksa
dk 1 iz'u] dqy 5 iz'u gksx
a As ijh{kkFkhZ dks fdUgha 3 iz'uksa ds mRrj nsus gksaxsA izR;sd [k.M dh 'kCn
lhek 500 'kCnksa ls vf/kd ugha gksxhA

bdkbZ&1 % lkaf[;dh ifjp;

ewyHkwr vo/kkj.kk;s%a lexz fun'kZ] vko`fRr vkoaVu] lap;h vko`fRr] leadksa dk fcUnqjs[kh; o
fp=e; izn'kZu] lead ladyu dh fof/k;ka & fun'kZ cuke lexz x.kuk] izkFkfed o f}rh;d lead
dsUnzh; izo`fRr dk eki&lekUrj ek/;] e/;dk ,oa cgqydA
bdkbZ&2 % vifdj.k o lwpdkad
vifdj.k dk eki&foLrkj] prqFkZd fopyu] ek/; fopyu ,oa izeki@ekud fopyu] fopj.k
xq.kkad fo"kerk dk eki lwpdkad& vo/kkj.kk] dher] ek=k o ewY; lac/a kh % ykLis;j] ik'ks ,oa fQ'kj
dk dher lwpdkad] vkn'kZ lwpdkad dk ijh{k.k] lwpdkad fuekZ.k esa dfBukbZ;ka] lwpdkad dh
lhek,aA
bdkbZ&3 % lglEcU/k o izrhixeu
ljy lglEcU/k] lglEcU/k xq.kkad & dkyZ fi;jlu ,oa Lih;jeSu dksfV vUrj fof/k]
izrhixeu fo'ys"k.k& f}pj vkoaVu esa izrhixeu] js[kkvksa dk fu:i.k] U;wure oxZ jhfrA
bdkbZ&4 % dky Js.kh ,oa vkUrjx.ku
vkUrjx.ku & U;wVu ,oa f}in foLrkj fof/k] dky Js.kh dk fo'ys"k.k&vo/kkj.kk o
rRo&fu;fer] ekSleh ,oa miufr ewY;ksa dk fu/kkZj.k] 2001 tux.kuk] Hkkjr esa lkaf[;dh O;oLFkk]
Hkkjr esa d`f"k] m|ksx o O;kikj leadA
bdkbZ&5 % xq.k lgp;Z ,oa dkbZ oxZ ijh{k.k
xq.k lkgp;Z ¼dsoy nks xq.k lEcU/kh½ o dkbZ oxZ ijh{k.k Qyu dk vodyu] Qyu dk
lekdyu] fofHkUu izdkj ds eSfVªDl] eSfVªDl foykse] lkjf.kd] ØSej dk fu;eA
 OR

PAPER II (B) : APPLICATIONS OF MATHEMATICS IN ECONOMICS

Duration – 3hrs Max. Marks - 100

Note : The question paper shall contain three sections. Section-A shall contain 10
questions two from each unit of 2 marks each. The candidate is required to answer
al the questions. The answer should not exceed 50 words. Section-B shall contain 5
questions one from each unit with internal choice. Each question shall be of 7 marks.
The answers should not exceed 200 words. The candidate is required to answer all
the questions. Section-C shall contain 5 questions of 15 marks each, one from each
unit. The candidate is required to answer any three questions. The answer shall not
exceed 500 words.

UNIT I
Concepts of differentiation and integration, Theory of consumer behaviour -
Maximization of utility. Slutsky Equation for two commodities Derivation of demand
curve, consumer surplus , elasticity of demand.
UNIT – II
Theory of firm- A well behaved production function, Cobb-Douglas and CES
production function - Linearally Homogenous Production function, Elasticity of
substitution, Producer’s surplus.
UNIT – III
Application of difference and differential equation, Cobweb Model, Concept of
multiplier and accelerator, trade cycle models of Hick and Samuelson.
UNIT –IV
Linear programming - Graphical solution. Simplex method- Primal and dual.
Game theory- The Zero sum two persons game, Maximin and Minimax, Saddle
point.
UNIT- V
Input output analysis - Open and closed Leontief Model. Components of Final
Demand and Value added, Determination of capacity, output level and investment
requirements.
SUGGESTED BOOKS
* R.G.D. Allen : Mathematical Analysis for Economics.
* Henderson & Quandt. : Micro Economic Theory, Mathematical Approach - III
Edition, McGraw Hills, Tokyo (Latest)
* Chiang - alphy C : Fundamental Methods for Mathematical Economics.
* Nathuramka L.N. – Applications of Mathematics in Elementary Economics
* Gokhroo D.C.- Mathematics for Economists
 iz'u i= 2¼c½ & vFkZ'kkL= esa xf.kr ds iz;ksx
le;kof/k % 3 ?kaVs vf/kdre vad % 100
uksV % iz'u i= ds dqy rhu [k.M gksx
a As [k.M ^v* esa izR;sd bdkbZ ls 2 vadksa ds 2 iz'u] dqy 10
iz'u gksx
a As ijh{kkFkhZ ds fy, lHkh iz'uksa ds mRrj nsuk vfuok;Z gSA izR;sd mRrj dh 'kCn lhek 50
'kCnksa ls vf/kd ugha gksxhA [k.M&c eas izR;sd bdkbZ esa ls 1 iz'u vkarfjd fodYi lfgr dqy 5
iz'u gksx
a As izR;sd iz'u 7 vad dk gksxkA ijh{kkFkhZ ds fy, lHkh iz'uksa ds mRrj nsuk vfuok;Z gSA
izR;sd mRrj dh 'kCn lhek 200 'kCnksa ls vf/kd ugha gksxhA [k.M&l esa izR;sd bdkbZ ls 15 vadksa
dk 1 iz'u] dqy 5 iz'u gksx
a As ijh{kkFkhZ dks fdUgha 3 iz'uksa ds mRrj nsus gksaxsA izR;sd [k.M dh 'kCn
lhek 500 'kCnksa ls vf/kd ugha gksxhA

bdkbZ & 1
vodyu ,oa lekdyu dh vo/kkj.kk ds iz;ksx& miHkksDrk O;ogkj dk fl)kUr] mi;ksfxrk]
vf/kdredj.k] nks oLrqvksa ds fy, LyVLdh lehdj.k] ekax oØ dh O;qRifRr] miHkksDrk dh cpr]
ekax dh ykspA
bdkbZ & 2
QeZ dk fl)kUr & ,d lqO;ogkfjd mRiknu QyuA dkWc Mxyl rFkk fLFkj izfrLFkkiu dh
yksp mRiknu Qyu& js[kh; ltkrh; mRiknu QyuA izfrLFkkiu dh yksp] mRiknd dh cprA
bdkbZ & 3
vodyu lehdj.k rFkk varj lehdj.k dk iz;ksx] edM+tky ekWMy] xq.kd o Rojd dh
vo/kkj.kk] O;kikj pØ eWkMy & fgDl rFkk lsE;qyluA
bdkbZ & 4
jSf[kd izkx
s zkfeax & xzkQh; gy] flEiysDl fof/k] izkbejh o M~;qvyA [ksy fl)kUr 'kwU;
;ksx & nks O;fDr [ksy] eSDlfeu&feuhesDl] lSaMy fcUnqA
bdkbZ & 5
vknk&iznk fo'ys"k.k] [kqyk o can fyvksufVQ ekWMy] vafre ekax rFkk tksM+ ds ewy rRoA
mRiknu {kerk Lrj rFkk fofu;ksx vko';drkvksa dk fu/kkZj.kA