NELSON STUD WELDING 7900 WEST RIDGE ROAD ELYRIA, OHIO 44036 U.S.A. Fax Cover Sheet DATE: 16 AUGUS TIME: 10:57 AM TO: Kevin Knowles FAX: Nelson UK PH: FROM: HARRY A. CHAMBERS PHONE: 440-329-0400,0447 FAX: 440-329-0521, 0597 EMAIL: HARRY.CHAMBERS@ NelsonStud.com RE: ALLOWABLE LOADS/SHEARS PAGE 1. OF ce: K.Caratelli Per our conversation, attached is a copy of the allowable load per shear connector as used in the American Institute of Steel Construction Stee! Design Manual, Allowable Stress Design method. Note that the allowable load is 1/2 of the stud minimum ultimate load. For example in 4000 psi concrete, the allowable load on a 3/4” shear is 13,300 Ibs. This is 1/2 of the ultimate load of stud area (0.442 in’) x 60,000 psi tensile = 26,520 pounds. BS-5950 also uses the allowable strength design method. Table 5. from BS-5950 is also attached. Note that in 30 MPA concrete (3700 psi per USA testing methods) the strength of a 19mm shear is 100 Nimm* or 14,500 Ibs. ‘The limit state or ultimate strength design is also used here in the USA as American Institute of Steel Construction, Stee/ Design Manual, Load and Resistance Design Manual (LRFD). Design of the entire structure is based on statistical analysis of structural histories and computed using the Monte Carlo mathematical approach with fractile deviation from the average analytical results. This design allows the use of fewer studs and smaller structural steel members. In this case, the stud strength allowed is 26,100 Ibs. in shear in 4000 psi concrete which is the ultimate tensile strength of the stud. Table 12 from the LRFD is also attached.Kevin Knowles Page 2 of 5 In essence, your customer has a built in safety factor of 2. There are, of course, other safety factors. Normally they vary from 2 to 4 depending upon the stud use and criticality of the connection such as a redundant or non-redundant connection, life and structure criticality, seismic zone area, etc. The factor of 2 has been used in composite construction from the beginning of the concept and has proven safe from a very large range of installations with the varying probable problems that one could possibly suspect such a marginal welds, improper spacing of studs and stud height variation (too long, too short, etc.) I hope this is of assistance to you. 5Structural Steel for Buildings + 5-39 TABLE 1.114 “owans Sbrazor SHEAR LOAD FOR ONE CONNECTOR (g), KIPS# Specified Compressive Strength Connisctasd cof Conerete (fe), ksi 3.0 35 240 44 diam. x 2” hooked or headed stud Bl 55 59 ‘5° diam. x 2%" hooked or headed stud 80 86 92 3° diam. x 2” hooked or headed stud 18 128 133 1p” diam. x 3%" hooked or headed stud 6 168 180 Channel 63 x 4.1 4.3u* 47w* 5.0u* Channel C4 x 5.4 4.6ue 5.0." Sue Channel 05 x6.7 4oue | _5aue 5.60" * Applicable only to concrete made with ASTM C33 aggregates. © The allowable horizontal loads tabulated may also be used for studs longer than shown. ©w = length of channel, inches. TABLE 11144 COEFFICIENTS FOR USE WITH CONCRETE MADE WITH C330 AGGREGATES Specified Compressive Air Dry Unit Weight of Concrete, pef Strength of Concrete (/',) 90 95 | 100 | 105 | 110} 15 | 120 $4.0 ksi 0.73 | 0.76 | 0.78 | 081 | 0.83] 0.86 | 088 25.0 ksi 0.82 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 091 | 093] 0.96 | 099 ‘The connectors required each side of the point of maximum moment in an area of positive bending may be uniformly distributed between that point and adjacent points of zero moment, except that N2 , the number of shear connectors required between any concentrated load in that area and the nearest point of zero moment, shall be not less than that determined by Formula (1.11-7). (1-7) where 'M = moment (less than the maximum moment) at a concentrated load point Ni = number of connectors required between point of maximum moment and point of zero moment, determined by the relationship V;,/q or V'n/a, as applicable 6 = St or Sel, os applicable For a continuous beam, connectors required in the region of negative bending may be uniformly distributed between the point of maximum moment and each point of zero moment. Shear connectors shall have at least 1 inch of lateral concrete cover, except for connectors installed in the ribs of formed steel decks. Unless located directly over the web, the diameter of studs shall not be greater than 24 times the thickness{BS 5950 - Part 3 : Section 3.1 : 1990 Section five 5.4.6 Headed studs in solid slabs “The characteristic resistance Qy, of @ headed shear stud with the dimensions ané properties given in 3.4.1 embedded inva 101i slab of normal weight concrote should be taken from tale 5. For lightweight aggregate concrate (see 3.2), the character- istic ravstance should be taken as 90 % of the value giver in table 5. 5.4.7 Headed studs in composite slabs SALTAA General, The recornmendations of this clause apply To headed shear tude with the dimensions and properties (given in 3.4.1, embaded in slabs comprising profiles see! sheats and concrete “These recommendations apply only when the folowing conditions are satisfies. (a) The overall depth of the profiled sheet shoute be rot less than 36 min nor greater than 80 mm, {b] The mean width of the troughs of the profiled sheet should be not les than 50 mm. {c) The nominal diameter of the studs should not exceed 18mm. (a) The height of the studs should be at least 35 mm treater than the overall depth of the profiled sheets. (e) Thececommendationt of BS 5950 : Part 4 concerning the thickness of concrete cover above the profiled steel sheet should be satisfied, 18:4.7.2 Ribs perpendicular to the beam. The capacity (f headed studs in composite slabs with the ribs running ‘Perpendicular fo the beam should be tken as their capacity Fea solid slab (see 5.43) multiplied by the reduction factor k given by the following expressions: for one stud per rib (0.85 lb/DplIWh/Dp}-1) butk <1 for two studs per rib k=06 (o(/Dp)I/DgI-1) burk <08 for three or more studs pr rb. #05 lb/DpMh/D,)-1) butk 0.6 were > isthe breadth of the concrete 1b; piste overall dept ofthe profiled ste her ‘isthe overall height of the tu. br should not be tken as more than 2D, oF Dp * 78 rm, inhichever i less, although studs of rete helsht may be used Provided thatthe studs are located centrally inthe i, Drtoul be taken as equal tothe mean width ofthe {ough bg for epen profile shets but ecu othe minimum eth ofthe erough for reentrant profile shoots [te figure 5). Were itis necessry forthe studs tbe located non: Corral inthe rib, the stud shoul preferably be paced tr the favourable location such that te zone of concrete ineompression in front of the sud is maximized, Where {tis necessary forthe stds tobe placed in the Ure favourable location, shoul be reduced to 22, where Cinthecistance to the nearer side of the ib (90 figure 8) ‘The distance e should be not less than 25 here the studs are plcad in pais but in an off ot pattorn Siwrnately on the favourable and unfavourable sides faubject to the minimum spacings given in 6.48.4), Should be determined as for eerrall located ud, ‘5473 ibs paral! tothe beam. The capacity of headed fruds in composite labs withthe ibs running parallel {othe beam shoul be taken as thei capacity in a slié tab oe 5.4.3) multi bythe reduction factor k given by the following expressione when bDp > 18 k wien bylDp <1.8 = 06 lolD,) Wid, le 5. Characteristic resistance Qj of headed studs in normal weight concrete Character tegth 6 comers nomial T Sec cranes [wet | Simm [lem | No? Sethe | NN Sees : : . om [a = oo co ro ww 23 100 9s ue 184 161 168 2 to % ve 28 1 138 19 400 = % 400 toe 108 8 75 20 @ 2 1 °6 16 * 7 FA 7 8 ® 3 & % au a « |2 OTE 1 For caneet of character srength eae han 40 Nis ue the values or <0 NienLRA 6-136 + Numerical Values TABLE 12 O5(fm)", w= 145 Ibs./out, TABLE “Appice ony to concrete made with ASTM C33 aggregates. ‘Tho design norzontal loads tabulated may eleo be Used for studs longer than shown, E13 Coefficients for Use with Concrete Made with C330 Aggregates to Adjust Values from Table 12 for Lightweight Concrete ae ey Ut Wp Cone stounaorece tt) [9 | | wo | wos | no] 1m | =A! o7 | are | o7e | os | om | om | om ftom dae | ome | car | tor | ose | oo | SoeBEAM DIAGRAMS AND FORMULAS 3.207 We les ae gplcabe at este mae wi AST 03 agpegas. Pf shen sto gs nsanea be ecko +1 Table 3-21 F, = 65 ksi Shear Stud Q Nominal Horizontal Shear for N One Stud, Q,,, kip Normal weight coneele | Uh waht cover Deakin |S ant, en Tipe! Gases [gates | Gedisl | pedeat % 526 os 128 5a e 935 18 760 4s peda Sy 146 181 ng 147 ue 210 ei ia 22 he 525 338 428 5a a ie] 235 357 760 20 z |e 150 ne wr g on 28 it 22 %e 3 ae 1a 439 a is ait ate 760 a n tar we i sar % 13 ra a 182 e «ast 18 a ‘i 788 766 766 788 220 120 120 120 e we 12 72 we E 388 368 266 368 g\> ast ast ast es é 102 02 102 woz i us Mas is 146 "2 302 302 aoe 3 4 5968 590 i 536 g a8 338 a0 am z 21 21 24 a1 & 225 338 ae at : F 435 oar 70 33 zg 8 150 nig 17 € { 21.0 215 WA 22 zB a ‘5 428 a5 el. an a4 740 aie = a 127 ng wer 2 183 | 183 oral 4183 U7 a7 a7 aT s a70 e70 an an 108 105 105 105 151 151 153 153 ee Avnican InSTIUTG OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INSource Cale 13.1 Table 3-21 Nelson Cale 13,1 Table 3-21 Nelson Cale 13.1 Table 3-21 Nelson Cale 13.1 Table 3-21 Nelson Cale 13.1 Table 3-21 Nelson Cale 13.1 Table 3-21 Nelson Cale 13.1 Table 3-21 Nelson Cale 13.1 Table 3-21 Nelson BETA Test Shear 21.5 ksi 21.00 24.04 28.70 26.10 26.11 175 74 174 21.70 21.20 21.22 5.40 5.26 5.26 670 6.53 6.53 4.40 428 428 5.40 5.31 5.31 12.80 11.40 11.70 11.40 11.70 11.70 Note: 30 Calculations, 1-11% High - See # 30 Calc Error by D. Samuelson - Nucor Condition No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck. No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck. No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck. No Deck. No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck No Deck. Deck Height NA, NA, NA NA. NA NA NA NA, NA NA. NA. NA. NA NA, NA NA NA. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA, NA NA NA, NA NA Concrete StrengthWeight 3000 psi/ 145 pet 3000 psi 145 pot 3000 psi/ 145 pof 4000 psi 145 pot 4000 psif 145 pet 4000 psil 145 pet 3000 psi/ 110 pef 3000 psi/ 110 pof 3000 psi 110 pef 4000 psi 1 10 pet 4000 psi 410 pet 4000 psil 1 10 pet 4000 psi! 145 pof 4000 psi/ 145 pf 4000 psi! 145 pot 4000 psi 4 10 pet £4000 psif 1 10 pet 4000 psi 1 10 pet 5000 psi145 pof ‘5000 psi/145 pet 5000 psi/145 pef 5000 psi/110 pet 15000 psi/110 pot 5000 psi/110 pet Stud Dia 314 34 34 34 34 34 34 3/4 3/4 34 3/4 314 3/8 38 318 12 112 12 12 12Shear Sted - Beek Pecpeadiculae ed 9" Jegth pres Fr s¥k Z LSted pec Cib RED be a Wr =3 ie a hr = Programm Qn = 5.384 Qrnve = BOP ie — Table 8-01 538% 2 9.318 WV Correct A” std 6" Length go fbxdks: Bshtods_percib LRFD i a Wre - cae! hr=3 i ci = Bs? CTE Qnws S360 = it je 3 2K K ts Yy | Shed 7" Jengt 0 a /oe fn gegs = fad pec rib LRFD ae Eval a z Nre 3.5 > = = cor_ Shear Stud Strength= Reck Parra Wy 3.8 wee 4.5" fed pec crib he hee 3” Sd 4.8 "dength qe 14Spet See ¥kss LRED Prag ra Ques animes, Table 3a) 957% XK % iy h - Lv 2s! Program Gi = 7esp 2 0 coe Kips (coger Differeat answers_an each screen Wt d SS "Length hr (epg §b24Ks/ Peoyram—» 6.816 KiPS > Table 3-al 2.7 kigs Try Asteds per Bib Prog cain 1b WS» Table 3-l /2-6 kas. Weed 5’ 3ctece per Rib herB.S" pe el¥spef Sheshs We zis ae Program > 9,017 K'PS Table Sal /3,.3% 05 aneee te = ea sted: 16 4" Lang, [sted pec bib, thd te pawn - ferl¥Spch ize%ns' L£RFD Somgcom Qael.é Kigs Correct, same as Table 2-21 Std-28 6" Leng, 1 sted peo rib, Stud fe baaa pez lleopet $223ksi LRFD Peegraim > Cn«= I. 38 Kips Correct, same as Table 322} eee SaaS tds pee tih , sted % bea pes WS Sp 2¥ksi ZRFD Prayeass 00 ee DE ides Cncmed, seen an SibylVie Examele 3 ae 4 16 aad _ aya STAG — Tora". eer S477 © 1 OS X (600 = 1725 Q jae Round Daunte. 170) ecu gauc 34 re 0.93 X 100 = 1591 Rerdve te ae qeeo) uv Vase = so se sae = 471 si77 = OT) XK boo = 1456 V (1400) & v Vv bso = «(59.16 63.24 “Drqes 68.0 Squie F 1.07 RID [ig Ch Pea) o- 3 00 oe Vitsw= $0 a ua TT pao X10 = 1549 “W gaa = Sti so =f ie ee (1 6eo) No Ny sree = SH te Ll ee ze ee sam = 119% X 26a = ast ~ 3 nu a Yooo = 63.24 63.24 Ayapee es hie a6 = 1,07%K Bico =