1.

BLOOD
SPEAKING SAMPLE

USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:

We’re almost done …

What happens if … ?

That can be … or even …

Student A: You are a nurse. Talk to Student B about:

• a blood donation
• his or her blood type
• who can receive the blood

Student B: You are a blood donor. Talk to Student A about your blood donation.

THÁI DƯƠNG 1
Okay. Mr. Dony / Ms. Hara, we are almost done taking your blood. Hold still for a little longer.
Sure. So, where will my blood go?
Our facility provides blood to local hospitals and surgical centers for transfusions to needy
recipients.
I see. So, what is my blood. Does anyone might receive my blood?
Not everyone can receive every type of blood. Your blood is Type O, which means everyone’s
blood is compatible with your blood.
That’s interesting. What does type O mean? How many blood types?
Human blood falls into four main types: A, B, AB, and O. These types are based on the antigens
on red blood cells and antibodies found in each person’s serum. And type O don’t have neither A
and B antigen.
Before blood is transfused, both the blood donor and the blood recipient are tested, right?
You’re right. Our on-site labs analyze each sample of plasma to ensure we are providing safe
blood. There are harmful effects of transfusing blood from a donor of one blood type into a
recipient who has blood of another blood type.
Really? What happens if someone gets a transfusion with the wrong type?
During transfusion, if blood is not compatible, then hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells)
occurs. This may be followed by excessive clotting in blood, which is a life-threatening
condition.
Wow. So, you have to be pretty careful about labeling to make sure that the transfused blood will
be compatible with the recipient’s blood type, don’t you?
That's right. We keep very careful records here to make sure no one gets the wrong blood type.
Because my blood is type O, I think I should donate blood frequently so plenty of people can use
my blood.
Thank you. We’re really appreciate it.
You’re welcome.

THÁI DƯƠNG 2
2. BONES
SPEAKING SAMPLE

USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:

There appears to be ...

Maybe you should ...

But can you see how…?

Student A: You are a doctor. Talk to Student B about:

• a fracture
• bone placement
• next steps

Student B: You are a medical student. Talk to Student A about a fracture.

THÁI DƯƠNG 3
Before we check the X-ray, I would like to ask you some questions. Could you tell me the
functions of the skeleton.
Sure. Bones provide the framework on which the body is constructed, protect and support
internal organs. Bones also assist the body in movement, because they serve as a point of
attachment for muscles.
Great. The skeleton provides the body’s basic framework, in addition bone marrow is an
important part of immune system.
And what are some bone fractures?
There are several types of bone fractures. In a simple (or closed) fracture, the bone is broken but
there is no open wound in the skin. In a compound (or open) fracture, the bone is broken and a
fragment of bone protrudes through an open wound in the skin.
And if you work with children, you will likely encounter greenstick fractures. These common
fractures occur when young, soft bones are bent.
So, Dony / Hara, tell me what you see in this X-ray.
Hmm, let's see. Well, there appears to be a fracture of the right humorous.
That's right. Can you identify the type of fracture?
It doesn't look too serious. The bone is typically cracked rather than broken all the way through.
I would say that's a pretty standard stress fracture.
Are you sure? Maybe you should take a closer look.
Is that wrong? It's not comminuted, is it? The bone is not split into several pieces.
No, it's not comminuted. You're right about that.
Then I don't know. What am I missing?
Can you see how the bone are crushed together?
Where? Oh, I see that now. Of course!
Damaged bones must be treated carefully to avoid improper healing. So, what do we have to do
before the bone starts healing?
Treatment of fractures involves reduction, which is restoration of the bone to its normal position.
Impacted fractures are tricky. They require that bone be reset before it can heal.

THÁI DƯƠNG 4
3. SKIN
SPEAKING SAMPLE

USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:

… what you have here is…

And it’s quite common…

The best thing for you to do is …

Student A: You are a doctor. Talk to Student B about:

• a skin condition
• the severity of the condition
• treatment options/measures

Student B: You are a patient. Talk to Student A about a skin condition.

THÁI DƯƠNG 5
So, Hara. It looks like you’ve developed acne. Have you heard of it before?

Yeah, but I don’t know much about it. I just know that it’s a common condition during puberty.
Is it bad?

It's not too bad. It’s actually quite common in teenagers.

What is the cause of that condition?

It is caused by oils that trap skin cells in pores. Bacteria then grows. The results in raised red
bumps call pimples or other imperfections of the skin.

I am so worry about that. I have lost my confidence. Can we make it go away?

The best thing for you to do is to wash your face twice a day, after wake up and before bedtime.
Can you do that?

Should I use special soap?

Yes. I’ll give you some to take home or you can use warm water with a little bit of salt.

Is that all? How about medicines?

Well, we can start with some topical medicine. If that doesn’t work. I’ll give you a prescription
for some pills.

Do I have to change my diet?

Sure. Limit fast food, snacks, chocolate, drink lots of water, eat more vegetables and fruits.

I think I shouldn’t touch my acne because it may cause infection. Thank you, doctor.

THÁI DƯƠNG 6
8. TAKING A HISTORY
SPEAKING SAMPLE

USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:

Do you remember …?

I first noticed …

Have you ever …?

Student A: You are a nurse. Talk to Student B about:

• his or her past medical history

• his or her family medical history
• how the information is used

Student B: You are a patient. Talk to Student A about your medical history.

THÁI DƯƠNG 7
The doctor will be in shortly, Ms. Hara. While you’re waiting, I have a few questions about your
past medical history.

Of course. What do you need to know?

You wrote on the form that you're suffering from chest pain.

Yes. I’ve had this problem recently.

Do you remember when exactly the onset of the problem was?

I think I first noticed it about last year.

Did that chest pain come on suddenly or gradually?

When I was gardening It came suddenly.

Can you explain what that chest pain was like?

The pain came very quickly. I felt like a big pressure on the rib cage. I was unable to breath well.

Where exactly is the pain?

It was on my left chest. I could feel every heart beats.
It is called palpitations. And, how long did it last.
About 5 minutes.

Does the pain move anywhere else?

Just around the left chest.

Do you have any associated symptoms?

I was really fatigue, heartbeat raised and difficulty breathing.

What were you doing at the time of onset?

I called my sister for her helps, took a rest and breathe deeply until I felt better.

Have you ever been treated for the condition?

No. I did see a doctor once about it, but he couldn’t find the cause.

Now I would like to discuss your family medical history. Does anyone in your family have a
history of heart problems?
THÁI DƯƠNG 8
Yes, my father has heart problems and my mother passed away because of heart attack. Do you
think that could be the problem?

We don’t know anything yet. We just want to get as much information as we can so the doctors
use these details to uncover likely causes of medicine conditions and establish diagnoses.

THÁI DƯƠNG 9
9. TAKING ABOUT SYMPTOMS
SPEAKING SAMPLE

USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:

I think I have …

It’s hard to …

Have you noticed …

Student A: You are a doctor. Talk to Student B about:

• his or her symptoms

• likely cause of symptoms
• your recommendations

Student B: You are a patient. Talk to Student A about your symptoms.

THÁI DƯƠNG 10
Good morning, doctor.

Good morning. You look so tired, what brought you here?

I feel discomfort in my head and through my boby.

Have you been treated anywhere?

I was treated last week by another doctor, he gave me some medicines but it didn’t work. I am
worried it may have returned.

Ok. Could you please tell my more about your previous symptoms.

I have runny nose and coughing. I experiencing severe fatigue and difficulty concentrating.

Do you feel better now?

I am now wheezing and having trouble breathing. I also have muscle aches all over my body and
my head that throbs.

What makes it worse and what makes it better?

The pain and trouble breathing are preventing from sleeping and relaxing.

May I check your temperature?

Sure, doctor.

Your temperature reading indicated a fever of 102 degrees. Your symptoms suggest flu rather
than a cold.

A flu, I think it’s just a bad cold. What is the difference between a flu and cold.

Both flu (influenza) and cold are caused by viruses, and they can have similar
symptoms. Influenza, or ‘flu’ for short, is a respiratory illness caused by viruses that can lead to
dry cough, sore throat, high fever, headache, muscle aches or body aches, tiredness and
weakness.

Can it be treated?

I will give you some medicines to reduce your symptoms and relieve pain like paracetamol and
analgesic. You need to sleep more and drink plenty of water. That will help you feel better.

OK, thank you very much.

THÁI DƯƠNG 11
10. PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS
SPEAKING SAMPLE

USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:

I’m going to ask …

Do you think …

It’s a test to…

Student A: You are a doctor. Talk to Student B about:

• part of a physical examination

• why it is necessary
• what you want the patient to do

Student B: You are a patient. Talk to Student A about a physical examination.

THÁI DƯƠNG 12
Good morning, doctor.

Good morning. How do you feel today?

I have had abdominal pain recently.

Have you noticed when exactly you first experience the pain.

I have had persistent pains for two days. At first there was a dull stomach pain. Lately the pain
has become shaper.

What makes it worse and what makes it better?

It is really painful in the morning and after meal and relieve when I take some rest.

Okay. I’m going to ask that you lie down on the table. I have to do some physical examinations
of your abdomen.

Do I have to take off my shirt.

Sure. Just put your arm at your slide and relax. First, I would like to take a closer look about your
abdomen.

What did you find, doctor.

There is no abnormal condition when I do an inspection. Next could I touch your abdomen.

Sure.

Take a deep breathe. Tell me to stop if you feel pain. Does that hurt.

Yes. It really hurt at the right position in lower abdomen.

Next, I will use percussion techiques.

Why you do that.

This test to check condition of organs beneath the abdomen.

Okay. Do you thing something is wrong with my stomach.

It could be appendicitis. I will take some test to make sure. Don’t worry about that.

THÁI DƯƠNG 13
13. FAMILY MEDICINE

USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:

Here’s what you have to do.

Should I see …?

I’m going to refer you to…

Student A: You are a doctor. Talk to Student B about:

• caring for an injury

• what to do at home
• a referral to a specialist
Student B: You are a patient. Talk to Student A about caring for an injury.

THÁI DƯƠNG 14
Good morning, doctor.

Good morning. What brought you here?

My hand burned, it hurt.

Do you know what happened to make it hurt?

I have burned while I was cooking. I tapped the hot pot. Is it serious, doctor?

May I have your hand. I would like to take a closer look.

Sure. what did you find, doctor.

The burn just affected the top player of your skin. It just small blisters and it’s red . It doesn't
seem to be serious.

What should we do with this burn?

You should use gauze to cover the burned area.

What is the usage of gauze?

It helps your skin avoid contacting with dirty things and bacteria.

Yes, does it affect the healing process?

This is first treatment, I will give you medicines to prevent infection and reduce pain.

If I get burn again, what should I do?

Quickly immerse the burn in clean, cool water, keep do that with cool water for at least 15
minutes.

Do I have to do anything at home? How long will the burn heal?

You can apply ice to reduce pain and swelling.

I can do it. Should I see a dermatologist?

Yes. I'm going to refer you to Dr. Linda. She will make sure you don't have any long-term skin
problems.

I will make appointment with her. I don’t want to have infections and increase pain.

Sure. Anytime that fits in your schedules is fine.

Sounds great. Thank you very much, Doctor.

THÁI DƯƠNG 15
14. PEDIATRICS
USE LANGUAGE SUCH AS:

How many appointments …

When is the …

Student A: You are doctor. Talk to Student B about:

• a schedule
• a patient’s treatment

Student B: You are a receptionist. Talk to Student A about the morning’s schedule.

THÁI DƯƠNG 16
Hi, Sam. How many appointments do we have for this morning?

Hello, Doctor. We have three appointments set up so far.

Okay. When is the first one?

The first appointment is at nine-thirty. Tony is coming in for his obesity treatments

Treatments for him include an innovative combination of education, diet programs and medicines.

How about physical education therapy?

I will advise him to do exercises at least 30 minutes a day like running or swimming.

Then you have a three-day-old newborn . She is showing signs of jaundice.

What time does she schedule?

At 10 am

Oh, that's right. I'll have to get the bili light ready. But can we push the appointment back to ten-thirty?

Sure, we need time to set up the bili light phototherapy before she comes.

Ok, I will make a call to let her mother know about that.

What is the last one?

The last appointment is at 11. Mr. Robert will come to check again after his bicycle accident.

I got it. Thank you. Have a nice day.

THÁI DƯƠNG 17