h YDS: nce YABANCI bi SINAV! t| CONTENTS | THE ENGLISH VERB TENSES (1) PAGE INTRODUCTION Hiastireterae 1- THE VERB "BE” ....... eset 2- THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE ... 3- THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSS ....... 4- THE SIMPLE PRESENT or THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS .. 5- THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE. 6- THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE .. 7 cesrestnstnsense Be 7- THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 32 4L 8 THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE ........ TEST YOURSELF TEST YOUR VOCABULARY ....THE ENGLISH VERB TENSES INTRODUCTION WORD ORDER IN AN ENGLISH SENTENCE (ingilizce bir ciimlede sézciik dizimi) ingilizce sézetk dizimi, TOrkce sOzctik diziminden farkhdir, Térkge bir cimlede yékiem cGmienin sonunda yer alir ve dzneyi de iginde barndiar. Ben ingilizce caligirsm. Ozne Nesne Yaklem Subject Object. Verb cimlesini, "ingilizce ¢aligmm.” biciminde de ifade edebiliriz. ve tkinci cimlede dzneyi acs olarak géremedigimiz ‘halde, dznenin 1. tekil gaius oldugunu yildemdeld -m_talasindan anlarz.Bu durum Ingitizce igin gecerli degildir. Yani Ingilizce bir cimlede yiiktem zncyi belli etmez.Bu ytizden, cimleye ézne ile baglamak zorundayw. Formile edilinis olarak ingilizce ciimle diizeni soyledir: Subject + Verh + Object Ozne Yoklem Nesne "ingilizce galigirim." eiimlesint ingllizcede "I study English." bigiminde sfade edebiliiz. 1- THE VERB "BE" Sozcikleri rasigele bir araya getirerek ciimle kuramayy. Cimle kurabilmemiz icin mutlaka bir fille thtiyacumiz vardir. "Be" fill, "come, go, study, eat, become” vb. gibi astl_ filimniz olmadigt zaman cimle kurmamua sagler."Be" filinin simdiki zaman ve genig zaman bicimi aymdir ve bu tense‘lerle "am, is, are" biciminde kullanihr. Singular Subject Pronouns Plural Subject Pronouns Tam — You are — Hie/She/It is We are — You are — They are 1am always nervous before an exam. (general) Tam nervous now, because I'm taking an exam in half an hour. (now) 1-1 filini asi! fil olarak kullanabilecegimiz baghca tig kahp vardur: a) be + noun b) be + adjective ©) be + prepositional phrase Lam a teacher. Hes tall ‘They are at home. They are students. ‘The world isround. —_Jane is from England. She is a Turk. They are intelligent. She is at the bus-stop. Today is Tuesday. It's very hot today. We arc in the classroom. 1-2 "Be", yardime fill olarak siirerlik bildiren tense‘lerle de keullamabtr. Tam writing now./She is reading the newspaper. /They are listening to music.Ot 2- THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 2-1 FORM Affirmative (olumlu) Negative (olumsu2} Interrogative (soru) Tam writing now. Tam not writing now, Am I writing now? You are reading a book. You are not reading a book. Are you reading a book? He/She/It ts eating lunch, He/She/ILis not eating anh. | Is he/she/it eating lunch? We are Uslening to music. We are not listening to music, | Are we listening to music? You are working hard. You are not working hard, ‘Are you working hard? ‘They are discussing their ‘They are not discussing their | Are they discussing their financial problems. financial problems. financial problems? Olumsuz soruyu iid sekilde sorabiliriz, Am I not trying to help you? or Aren't I trying to help you? Are you not helping your mother? or_—_Aren’t you helping your mother? Is she not studying English? or — Isn't she studying Enghsh? Are we not leaving for class now? or Aren't we leaving for class now? Are you not watching the film? or Aren't you watching the film? Are they not having breakfast? or Aren't they having breakfast ? 2-2 SPELLING OF -ING Senu-e ile biten filler | write writing shave shaving | Some ile biten filliere admire admiring amaze amazing | ing talus: eklenisken -e hope hoping dine dining auger. * hide hiding ride riding ‘TRA HECEL FILLER Sonu bir sestiharf-+bir| stop stopping run rumning | Bu gruba giren tek hece- sessiz harfle biten filler] beg begging rub rubbing | Ii filllerde.sondala sessiz sit. silling set setting hart git yazabr. isl HECEL FILLER a} listen Yistening open opening | Vurga L-hecedeyse.son- happen happening ripen ripening | dakt sessiz harf tek yan by prefer preferring begin beginning | ls:2.hecedeyse eit yaz.- i refer referring control controlling | hr, Sonu-yilebiten filler | study studying play playing | -y ile biten fillere -ing reply replying buy Buying talus: ekdenirken yazim- ry trying enjoy enjoying _ | da deisikitk olmaz. Sonu-ie ile biten filler} die dying ] fe -y' ye diinigir ve lie lying -ing ekientr. tie tying Sonu iki sessiz harile stand standing start — starting | ikt sessizie biten fillere bilen filler hold holding find finding ing eklenirken yazamda, spend spending bend — bending | deftisihtik otmaz. * Santee bigiminde biten iter ing takist alvken -e digmez: see-seeing, agreeagreving, freefrecinges ELS YDS 2-3 USE OF THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE a) Bu tense fle temel olarak iginde bulundugumuz anda yapmakta oldugumuz. eylemleri anlatiriz, Zamant pekistirmek igin ise now, right now, at the moment, at present, still gibi zaman zarilan kullanuriz, Mother is in the kitchen now. She is cooking dinner. — Where is your sister? —I think she is writing a letter in her room. Listen! They are talking about us. Can you hear what they are saying? b) Konugmanin gectigi sirada eylemi yapyyor olmasak bile, o siralarda yapmakta oldugumuz isleri de bu tense ile anlatinz ve nowadays, these days, this term, this year, this month, this semestre, at the moment { "su siralar’ anlamnda ) gibi zaman zarflan kullaninz, — How many courses are you taking this term? —I'm taking five courses. — I haven't seen Peter recently. Have you? —No, but I talked to him on the phone last Saturday. He is very busy these days. He is redecorating his house by himself. ¢) —_Degismekte olan durumlan, olaylan bu tense ile anlatirv. “Everything is expensive. (Her sey pahah)" cimlesi, flyatlann o ankst durumunu anlatir. Fakat, “Everything is getting more and more expensive. (Her gey gittil«ge pahalilagiyor.y" ifadesi, fiyatiann sirekli degistigini, yiikseldigini gosterir itis cold, ( Hava soguk. } Itis getting colder. { Hava gittikee soguyor. ) ‘The economic situation in Turkey is very bad. (Tarkiye'nin ekonomik durumu gol koto.) ‘The economic situation in Turkey is getting worse. (Tarklye'nin ekonomik durumu gittikee kétilesiyor. } 4) Bu tense’, tomorrow, next week, next year, next summer gibi gelecek zaman zarfanyla, gelecekte yapmay) planladigumy. eylemlert anlatmak igin Sullaninv. I'm meeting Ann next Saturday. ‘They are giving a party next month. She fs leaving istanbul in two days. Omeklerde goraldagii gibi, ciimle yapr olarak simdiki zamana, anlam olarak ise gelecek zamana aittir. Aym Kullanim Torkge'de de varoldugu icin, bu cimleleri Tarkce'ye, gelecek zaman ya da simdiki zaman yapisinda cevirmemiz mitmkindur. Son ornegt Tarkgeye su sekilde gevirebiliriz: list gin sonra istanbul'dan ayrthyor. / Iki gan sonra istanbul'dan aynilacak.es ELS YDS 3- THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 3-1 FORM ‘Affirmative ( Olumiu) ‘Negative ( Olumsus ) Tnterrogative (Soru) 1 getup early don't get up early. Do I get up early? You go on holidey every year. | You don't go on holiday every year. Do you go on holiday every year* He studies hard He doesn't study hard. Does he study hard? ‘She cleans the house herself, } Sne doesn't clean the house herself. | Doas che clean the house hersell? 1 stands in the comer. 1 doesn't standin the corner. Does it stand in the corner? We keep our promises. We don't keep our promises. Do we keep our promises? ‘You ike animals very much. | You don't like animals very much. } a you like animals very much? ‘They help the people around. | They don't help the people around. | Do they help the people around? Uctincéi tell sahis icin ( he/she/it) fil, olumiu climlede -s talust abr. He reads a lot./She buys a newspaper regularly./The cat drinks only milk in the morning, Olumsuz eimlede ve soruda, yani "does" ya da "doesn't" bulunan cimielerde fill daima yalndir. He doesn't read a lot./She doesn't buy a newspaper every day. Does the cat drink milk in the morning? “have" fillinin detined sahis bigimi “has” dir. Ancak, soruda ve olumsuz cOmlede filin yal halt" have" kullamhr. Do you have a bath every day? —Yes, I do. (Ihave a bath every day.) —Does your son have a bath every day? —Yes, he does. ( He has a bath every day. ) — Does your father have breakfast in the morning? —No, he doesn't. ( He doesn't have breakfast in the morning. } 3-2 USE OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 8) Bu tense ile, genelde yaphguni ler aiskaniklanmiz: anlatiz ve always, sometimes, never, often vb. sikhik bildiren zarflann yam sira, every day, every month, every summer gibi zaman zarflanm sikca Kullanarz, — What time do you usually get up? — I usually get up at seven o'clock — Does she always get up early? —Not always. She sometimes gets up very late. — How often do you go to the cinema? —1 go to the cinema every weekend/once a week/twice a month/three times a year etc. — How often does your brother write to you? — He writes to me very often.—_—— ELS YDS b) Frequency Adverbs ( Sikiik bildiren zaman zarflant) always) ———_____ all the time ( hep.her zamast} almost always/nearly always —> almost all the time, nearly all the \ time (hemen hemen her zaman) very often > cok sik} usually —___ygenerally ( genellikle) often, —____ frequently ( sue sie) sometimes occasionally, from time to time (bazen.ara sira } rarely —____ seldom ( ender.nadiren,seyrek } hardly ever. —______ almost never (hemen hemen hic } never —____ ( hi¢-hig bir zaman,asla } Yardime: fil bulunmayan olumlu cimlelerde bu zarflar asil fiilden Once, yani zne ite ydlklemin arasinda yer alr. ‘She always sings in English./I sometimes feel depressed./They seldom go to the theatre. Bu zarflar am, {s, are dan sonra gelir. I sometimes go to work late,/I am sometimes late for work. Sikh bildiren zarflann olumsuz cfimledeld yert de@isiktir. Always daima olumsuzluk eki not dan sonra gelir. Idon't always get up early./She doesn't always study very hard. ‘They aren't always late for class, frequently, sometimes ve occasionally olumsuzluk ekinden énce gelir. I sometimes don't want to be with people. /She frequently doesn't want to study. ‘They sometimes aren't ready on time./She occasionally isn't polite to the people around. NOTE: Birinci tell gahus icin bu kural gecerli deildir. Zarf, yardimet fill ‘am’ fle ‘not’ arasinda yer alr. I'm sometimes not patient enough with children. ‘usually, generally ve often her iki durumda da kullambr. ‘They usually don't go out in the evenings./They don't usually go out in the evenings. We often don't turn on the television. /We don’t often turn on the television. ‘They generally aren't awake till 1la.m./They aren't generally awake till 11am, rarely, seldom, hardly ever, almost never ve never olumsuz ciimlede kullanilmaz, Bu zarflar sadece olumlu cOmlede kullanihtr, ancak olumsuz bir anlam tagrr. I hardly ever go to the theatre. ( Tiyatroya hemen fiemen hig gitmem. } He almost never goes to work in his own car. (ise kendt arabasiyla neredeyse hig gitmez.) I'm hardly ever nervous before an exam. { Sinav éncesi neredeyse hig heyecanlanmam,) She never comes to her appointments on time. = She is wever on time for her appointments. ( Randevulanna asia vaktinde gelmez. }TES DDS Olumlu_antam, tagiyan sikhk zarflanm (usually, generally, often, frequently, sometimes and eecasionally) diloigis| Kurallanna uygun bu kullammlann yani sire. climlede varguyu arurmak fein, ciimlenin baginda da kullanabiliriz. Ozellikle sometimes bu gekilde cok sik kullambr. Sometimes I get angry easily. Occasionally I don't need to get up early. Usually they spend too much money on luxuries. NOTE: always bu sekilde cimle baginda yer alma. Olumsuz anlam tasiyan sikhk zarflan (rarely , seldom , hardly ever, scarcely ever and never) cGmlenin basina geldigi zaman cimle devrils olur. I never eat fish, ———__——3> Never do I cat fish. He rarely smokes, —______y» Rarely does he smoke. You seldom make mistakes. —3— Seldom do you make mistakes. She scarcely ever visits us. —3e. Scarcely ever does she visit us. ever olumlu veya olumsuz soruda Kullamihr ve ‘hig! anlamim verit. Olumsuz cevapta ‘hig! demek icin 'do not ever’ yerine ‘never’ kullanihr. — Do you ever smoke? —~ Don't you ever help your mother? —No, I never smoke. —Yes, [help her when I have time. ¢) Doga Kanunlanm, her zaman gecerlilift olan dogrulari ve genellemeleri bu tense ile ifade ederiz, Diamond is a precious stone./Water consists of oxygen and hydrogen. ‘The world revolves round the sun./Plants need water in order to grow. Water boils at 100° C./Wood floats in water but iron sinks. @) ‘What do you do? sorusu_kisinin neyle ugrastxguu, igint sorar. Yani ‘What is your job/occupation?’ sorusu ile aym anlamdadr. —What do you do? —What does your father do? —1'ma teacher. — Heis an accountant. ‘What do you do?’ sorusunu bir zaman zarfiyla kullamirsak, ‘sGaii edilen zamanda ne yaparsin’ anlamina gelir. — What do you do at the weekends? — What does your father do in the evenings? —Tusually meet friends. — He reads his newspaper or watches television. 3} Why don't you .. 2 Kah birine oneri getirirken kullambr. — Ihave a headache. — We have nothing to eat at home. — Why don't you take a tablet? — Why don't we go out for dinner? NOTE: “Why don’t you get up early in the mornings? I can't because I usually go to bed late.” ifadesinde, "Why don't you wn. ?* gercek bir soru dzelligi tasir ve kisi yamt verilmesini bekler. Ancak: “tm too tired. Why don't you lie down and rest?" ifadesinde, "Why don't you ......?" yapt olarak sorg olmasina Karsin, kendis! bir yanitur ve Oneri getirir.rr EUS VIDS ee ) Sinema, uyatro gibi etkinlislerin baslama ve bitis saatlerini, ders programlatint ya da ucak, tren, otobis tarifelerini belirtirken, geniy zamant gelecek zaman anlamuyla kullanabilirtz, ‘The buses start at 6 a.m. and stop at 12 p.m. every day. (simple present) Staite Arlee ces a8 in Weer ard ae there at 6 p.m. future Our classes usually begin at 9 and finish at 12. ( simple present) My class begins at 9 tomorrow and finishes at 12, ( future) 4- THE SIMPLE PRESENT or THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS Simdi bu iki tense'l kargilaguralm, 8) Konugmanin geetigi anda ya da o swalarda yapmakta oldugumuz igleri_ Present Continuous ile (I am doing) ; genelde yapugimuz isleri, algkanliklarmmizi ise Simple Present ile (1 do } anlatinz demistik. Father is in his room now. He is resting. ( now) Father always rests in his room in the afternoon. ( simple present) { want to concentrate on my studies. That's why I'm not playing volleyball this year. T usually play volleyball at the weekend. I don’t play on weekdays. b) Bazi filler sdrerlil bildiren tense'lerle ( I am doing. I was doing, I have been doing,cte.) kcullantimazier. Bu filler, konugma strasinda bizaat_yapilmakta olan bir eylem (action ) biidirmezler, durum ifade ederler. "I'm writing now." ifadesinde, write fill bir eylem bildirir. Yani benim 3 anda yapmakta oldugum bir ist ifade eder. "I know English." ifadesinde ise know fit bir eylem bildirmez. Yani, Kisinin yapmakta oldugu bir isi degil.statite bir durum bildirir. Durum bildiren fiillerin gimdiki zaman ve genig zaman icin kullarumlan aymdhr. When I get up in the morning, | want to drink something immediately. (simple present) tm very thirsty. I want to drink something, ( now) People need money in order to live. { simple present) [need some money, Can you lend me some? { now)ee ELS - YDS PROGRESSIVE (CONTINUOUS) TENSE'LERLE KULLANILMAYAN FHLLER, 1. DOSONMBYE ILISiIN FILLER ( MENTAL STATE } think * realize understand forget mean suppose notice feel want inlieve recognize doubt need snagine nove remember prefer 2. DUYGU BELIRTEN FILLER ( EMOTIONAL STATE ) love cshike Toate muind wish, ate appreciate fear care forgive lke detest envy desire SAHIPLIK BILDIREN FILLER ( POSSESSION } possess have * own, belong 4. DUYU FILLER! ( SENSE PERCEPTIONS ) sce" bear smell* taste * feel * 5 DIGER DURUM BILDIREN FILLER took * owe be* promise consist of seem cost exist refuse include appear* weigh * advise contain sound * Yanunda yilduz olan filler, fark bir antam tagudikian zaman, stirerlk bildiren (enseterte Kullaralutar. NONPROGRESSIVE (DURUM BILDIREN) or PROGRESSIVE ( EYLEM BILDIREN | think ‘sanmak, zannetmek’ anlamindaysa progressive tense‘lerle kullaniimaz; ‘dtiginmek’ anlamindaysa kuitarabm, I think she is a student. | think they will visit us next week. I'm thinking about going abroad next year. She isn't listening to the lesson now. She is thinking about her family. see ‘gormek’ anlamindaysa ‘ing’ almaz; ‘gOrdigmek’ anlamindaysa ' -ing' alir. Right now, Im locking out of the window. I see a lot of cars in the street and lots of people. ‘The doctor is seeing his patient now. The manager is seeing one of the applicants naw, smell ‘kokmak’ anlammdaysa' -ing’ almay; "koklamak’ anlanundaysa ' -ing’ abr. ‘This perfume smells very nice. ‘These flowers smell awful. I can't keep them in the kitchen. Look! Mother is smelling the flowers,10 ELS- YDS have * sahiplik bildiriyorsa, progressive tenselerle kullaniimaz. Ancak, baska bir sdzctikle birlesip eylem bildirlyorsa, kullanr. Sorry, I can't lend you any money, because [ don't have much now. ‘She has two brothers. She is having breakfast now. Father can't come to the phone. He is having a bath right now. taste Bir nesnenin tadindan s0z ediyorsak '-ing’ almaz; ‘tadina bakmak’ anlamindaysa alr. ‘This soup tastes awful. I can't eal it. (Corbanm tach berbat.) ‘The inner looks bad but tastes delicious. (Vemegin grtintiisi k6td ama tad givzel) What are you doing here in the kitchen? Tm tasting the meal feel Bir nesnenin bize verdigi duyguyu fade edlyorsa ya da ‘sezinlemek, ummak’ anlamindaysa ‘ing’ almaz- ‘This pillow feels very hard. (=This pillow is very hard./Bu yastik cok sert.) | feel something bad will happen. (iota bir seyterin olacagim hissediyorum/sezinliyorum), ‘hissetmek’ anlamundayga '-ing’ alabil | feel better today. = hissediyorum. } 'm feeling better today. ( Bugin kendimi iyi look ‘gibi gorinmek’ anlamindaysa ‘ing’ almaz; bakmak’ anlammndaysa ‘ing’ abr. You look ill. You'd better go home and take a rest. ‘That ladder doesn't look safe. Why are you looking out of the window? ts there something interesting? 4m looking at you carefully but I don't understand what you are tying to lo. * Sahiplc biden ‘have.has’ "have got, has got 'bigiminde de kullanibr. Thave two sisters. don't have any brothers Thave got wo sisters. = Thaven't got any brothers. ‘She has a car, = She has gota car She doesnt have a bike. = She hasn't got a bike, Doyouhave ary nephews? —-«=_—=—=— Have you got any nephews? Yes, (do, = Yes, thave, No, I don't = No. thaventt Does she have a boat? Has she got a boat? Yes, she does, Yes, she has. No, she doesn’t. = No, she hasntappear ‘gibi gorinmek’ anlamindaysa ‘ing’ almaz; ‘ortaya gikmak’ anlammdaysa “ing” aby. ‘The teacher appears to be in a bad mood today. She appears (o be bored with the film. Look! All is appearing from where he has hidden weigh Bir nesnenin agirligim sdylerken ‘ing’ alma: ‘lartmak’ anlanundaysa “ing? alr. ‘The baby ts getting fatter. She weighs six kilograms ‘The butcher is weighing the meat now. be be filnin present biciminin am Ss, axe. oldugunu ve 'sinidiht zaman’ ve gens zaman ‘gin aynt bigimde kullamidigim daha Onee ifade etmigtik 1am hungry. I want to cat something. (now) When I am very tense, | prefer to have a walk to relax. (general) ‘be’ fill, Konugmanin gecligi strada bir degisimi vurguluyorsa, bez sifatlarla Simdiki Zaman yapisiyla (am/is/are being) ullamin. "You are very rude. (Cok kabasmn) ifadest kiginin genelde kaba bir} oldugunu belirtir "You are being rude." (Kabalasiyorsun} ifadesi ise kiginin konugma sirasinda kaba davrandigim belirtir. ‘Kababk’ genel bir ézelkig} olmayablir, ©) ‘live’ ili ile sGrelei oturdugumuz yeri ifade ediyorsak, gents zaman kullanthr. — Where do you live? — Where do your parents live? — live in Istanbul. = They live in Germany. Aneal, gecici olarak ikamet ettigimiz yest simdiki zamanla belirtiriz. I moved to Istanbul only two weeks ago. and I'm living with my relatives: for the time being. EXERCISE 1 : Us« cither the Simple Present or the Present Progressive of the verbs given in parentheses. J+ Al the moment, workers (clear). building collapsed. 2- I's not fair! Some people (have)... .- all the luck! While we (write) sevnenienens the marketing plan here, Simon (have) . lunch with the owner and his wife. rubble from the site where the 3 The owner of the business (taste)... , three different varieties of a new curry product right now. She (always, taste)... everything herself before she (agree) - tolet production start. 4- I'm sorry. can’t give you a lilt. My car is in the garage and the mechanies (fix) oe the breaks at the moment. B- Sir, your wile (feel). the different qualities of the carpet samples now, and she (:rand) you to join her and help her deeide. 1112 ———————— ELS YDS. LL 12. 13- cea 18- 19- 20- Although I (consider). a someone to stand guard while I (lock) e A: I see that you (wear) Your best clothes and you tloald somnensonnenesees WORDED, sess ssens YOU (GO) . to a party? B: Three fellow students and | (dine) -erseenees With Our professor and her husband this evening. About 40 percent of New Zealanders (thin'd myself brave in general, | (lie)... the shop doors in the evenings. .. that the British ‘Monarchy (not, represent) .. them and (wart) to become a republic, Asa tule, the majority of New Zealanders (stil, believe)... that the Queen [play) . citizens (question) Az coennee You (listen) to me? B¥Sorry, I (send) .. a text message. I won't be a minute. ‘This week, detailed discussions (take) ... . place between MacMillan and Cancerlink charities regarding how they can work better together. Both ‘Ricard! and ‘Pernod’ drinks (tasic) .. of aniseed, but ‘Pernod’ an important role for their country, but more and more the relevance of a queen in the 21st century. (taste) su ouee Sweeter than ‘Ricard’, 59 | (prefer) ‘Ricard’. Asnake's skin (look) - sono slimy, but it (not, feed slimy at all ‘The conditions these Afghan refugees (endure) are appalling. Every autumn, we tchopl .... iton the porch. It (always, feel) ..... .. great when I {come} . in from the cold in winter and (sit)... sonenee BY the fire. ‘The consumption of alcohol in winter (RUME) .a...se. {MACE} oresesereee us less aware of the cold. .. at this troubled time plenty of wood and {stack} our senses, and thus it Albinos (have) ... white hair, pale skin and pink eyes. The non-formation of normal body colouring (cause)... the condition of albinism. Te (Seem) vor en as if my life (ged .. busier all the time and I (never, ged any time {0 myself any more. 4: I (rarely, see} Liz taking a break, «00. She ever (go) out at lunch time? B: She only (go) sandwich at her desk. sees Out very rarely. Normally she (eat) ote As Why secosnne You (Sniff Uke that? BEL (OY) crereroeenennean to decide what perfume you (wear)... at the moment, A: Oh, it's Givenchy ~ Ian's present for Christmas. B: It (smelt) sone Wonderful Every year., thousands of people (gather)... Year's celebrations, Lalmost always (wean. a suit to work, but today I (wear) «ve Jeans as part of a nation-wide charity event, I've paid one pound to be able to wear whatever I like today. Today, Peruvians (fight)... country’s history. Look! Black smoke (come) . AUEE GO sone garage? . in Times Square for the New one of the worst city centre fires in the oul of the bonnet and the temperature Up rapidly. WhY sarees WE (StOP) estnseesnes Ot Une NeXt25- These days, more and more Indian troops (move) 28- At the moment, the judge (see) .... 29- A: Do you (think) 30 1 never, feel os TELS = YDS towards the .. to the area Pakistani border and some European prime ministers (flyl today for talks with the leaders, 26- A: Where is Maggie? B: She's been to the shops, and apparently, she (put. away now. A she (not, save) . B: Obviously not very hard. all the shopping .. for her holiday at the moment? 27- A: Where has Mum gone? B: There she is. She {smell her party. A ..-. you (not, mean) air fresheners? B: No, room fragrances are similar lo air fresheners, but they (cosd about twice as much. all the room fragrances to choose one for both the Defendant's lawyer and the Claimant's lawyer privaiely in his chamber. you (have) . any chance of wining this, chess match? : Yes. t (see) position, sem 8 Humber of good moves that | can make from this comfortable when I am on a plane. 5- THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE 5-1 FORM Affirmative ( olumtu ) Negative ( olumsuz ) Interrogative ( sora) L studied English. Ididn't study English. Did I study English? You worked hard. You didn't work hata, Did you work hard? He/She came late, He/She didn’t come late. Did he/she come tate? IW rained heavily yesterday. | It didn't rain heavily yesterday, Did it rain heavily yesterday? We enjoyed the party. We didn't enjoy the party. Did we enjoy the party? ‘You helped a tot. You didn't help a lot Did you help a lot? ‘They got up early. “They didn't get up early. Did they get up early? Olumia comlede, filerin past tense bieimt, ohamsuz ctmlede ve soruda ise fillerin yatin halt ‘ullamlrr. I stayed in lzmir for five years. She didn't study hard enough to pass the exam. Did you stay home yesterday? Kisa cevapta did ve didn't ullanihr. Did you go to the cinema last week? Yes, we did. ( Yes.we went to the cinema last week. } Did you visit your friends yesterday? No, I didn't. (1 didn't visit my friends yesterday. ) 135-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 14 ELS = YDS ee Bu tense gecmiste yapugum eylemleriolaylan ve durumlan anlaurken kullaninz. Yesterday, last night, last week, last summer, half an hour ago, ten days ago, two years ago vb. bu tense ile sikea kullandigim zaman zarflanchr. I became a teacher eight years ago. Where did you go on holiday last summer? He didn't play football last Sunday because he was ill. She left the country a few months ago. Davzenti { regular } filllerin past bi¢imi.fillin yalin haline" -ed " eklenerek elde edilir Present. : want slay study shave Past : wanted stayed studied shaved "be" fillinin past bicirni "was, were" bicitnindedir. I lived in a village when I was a child, She was late for work yesterday, so her boss was angry with her. We were at home last night. Dazenii fillerin "- ed" takisim almasiyla tigilt yazim kurallan, soyledir: 1) Cogu diizenii fill -ed ahr. talk - talked govern - governed roar - roared walle - walked seem - seemed roam - roamed 1) Bir sessiz+bir sesli+bir sessiz harften olugan lasa filllerde, sondald sesstz harf ¢lft yaailir. grab - grabbed stop - stopped beg - begued ban - banned slim - slimmed rob - robbed Sonu -e ile bitenler sadece -d talasi abr. gaze - gazed slare - stared lke - liked smile - smiled hate - hated save - saved IV) Sonu bir sessiz harf+y ile bitenlerde -y, -4 olur, ondan sonra - ed eklenir. try - tried cry - cried apply - applied dry - dried fry - fried study - studied -y den once bir sesli harf varsa yazimda defisitdlike olmaz. play - played delay - delayed betray - betrayed, pray - prayed decay - decayed spray - sprayedsome ELS YDS eens eee 8-6 Diizensiz ( irregular ) fiillerin past bicimi ise tabloda goriildiga gibidir. AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS SIMPLE SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE SIMPLE past FORM PAST PARTICIPLE FORM PAST: PARTICIPLE, arise arose arisen fing flung fung be was.were been ay few flown bear bore ‘borne/born forbid forbade forbidden beat eat beaten /beat forecast forecast forecast become became become forget forgot forgotten begin began begun forgive forgave forgiven bend bent bent forsake forsook. forsaken bet bet bet* Ireeze froze frozen bid bid bid get got gotten * bind bound bound ave gave given bite bit ‘bitten go went gone bleed bled bled ind ground ground blow blew blown grow grew grown break broke broken hang hung hung breed brea bred have had had being brought brought hear beard heard broadcast ‘proadeast broadcast hide nia hidden build built built hit hit hit burst burst burst hola held held buy bought bought hurt hurt burt cast cast cast keep kept kept catch caught caught know knew known choose chose chosen lay lid Iaid cling clung clung ead led led come came come eave eft left cost cost cost end ent Tent creep, crept crept yet let ret cut cut cut Ue ey Jain deal dealt dealt tight it/lightea Mt/lightea ag dag dug lose Test lost do aud done make made made draw drew drawn mean, meant meant cat ate eaten meet met met fall fell fallen mislay mislaid mislaid feed fed fed mistake mistook mistaken feel felt felt pay paid paid fight fought fought put put put find found found quit quit quits At fit fit read read read flee fled fled rid nid nid 1516 ee SIMPLE, SIMPLE PAST FORM Past PARTICIPLE ride rode Hidden ring rang, rung rise rose tisen say said sald see saw seen seek sought sought sell sold sold send sent sent set set set shake shook shaken shea shed shed shine shone/shined — shonte/shined shoot shot shot show showed shown/showed shrine shrank/shrunk shrunk shut shut shut sing sang sung sit sat sat sleep slept slept slide slid slid slit sit sift speak spoke spoken speed aped/speeded sped /speeded spend spent spent spin spun/span spun spit spit/spat spit/spat spit split split spread spread spread spring sprang/sprung sprung SIMPLE, SIMPLE Past FORM past. PARTICIPLE stand stood stood steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck sting stung stung stink stank/stunk stunk strive strove striven strike struck struck/stricken sting stung strung, swear swore sworn sweep swept swept swim swam swum sing swung swung take reake taken teach taught taught ear tore torn tell told told think thought thought, throw threw thrown thrust thrust thrust understand understood understood. undertake undertook undertaken upset upset upset wear sore worn weep wept wept win won won wind wound wound withdraw withdrew withdrawn wring wrung wrung write ‘wrate written * Bu filer tein American English ve British English arasindaki farkhibidara dilekat edintz, American British bet - bet - bet bet bet bet or bet - betted - betted Ji fit fit ft ted fitted get - got - gotten get - got - got quit ~ quit - quit ‘quit -quitted - quitted ‘American English’de dazenlt olan baz filler British Enghishide dOzensizdir. American: burbwned, dream-dreamed, kneet-kneeled, lean-leaned, smett smelled, spill-spilled. etc. British: burvbumt, dreamdreamt, keteel-knelt, learcleant, smellsmett, spll-spit.5-7 CONFUSING VERBS a) raise, raised, raised (transitive) ‘The supermarket raised its prices twice last week. b) rise, rose, risen (intransitive) Prices rose three (imes last week. ¢) arouse, aroused, aroused (transitive) ‘The man's peculiar behaviour aroused the police's suspicion. d) arise, arose, arisen (intransitive) heir suspicion arose because of the man’s peculiar behaviour. ©) set, set, set (transitive) We set the chair at the head of the able. f) sit, sat, sat (intransitive) My father sat al the head of the table. lay, laid, laid (transitive) We laid the carpet alter we'd painted the walls. h) Hie,* lay, lain (intransitive) Lay on the sofa afer dinne sleep. nd went to bind, bound, bound (tie up) He bound the dog to the fence with a long rope 49) find, found, found I found your pen on top of the fridge. i) bound, pownded, bounded (1. border 2. jump) Luxembourg is bounded by Belgium, Germany and France “The dag was bounding across the licks 1) found, founded, founded (establish) Mao Tse-Tung founded the People’s Republic of China m) grind, ground, ground (crush into powder) In the past people ground wheat into flour using large stones. n) ground, grounded, grounded (compel to Stay on the ground) The authorities grounded the plane for safety checks, 0) wind, wound, wound (twist, turn) He wound the suring tata a tight ball. q) fall, fell, fallen She fell as she was getting off the bus, 5) see, saw, seen ‘They saw an accident while driving to work. p) wound, wounded, wounded [injure The gun shots wounded several people. 1) fell, felled, felled (cut down) ‘They felled the tree because it was getting too big, saw, sawed, sawed/sawn (cut with a saw) He sawed the wood into equal lengths. wu) hang, hung, hung (suspend something} ‘They hung a flag from the window for Republic Day. hang, hanged, hanged (kill someone by hanging) The leader of the Pakistani military coup. General Zia ul-Hug, hanged the President, Bhutto, in 1979. * Lie *yalan soylemek’ anlamindaysa, divenii bir fiildir: She lied to us about her coming late 1718 EXERCISE 2 : Choose the correct word in parentheses. 1 10- 1 12- 13- 14- 15- 16- 17. 22- 23- 24. 25- ‘The developers (fell/felled) several mature peach trees (o clear land for the supermarket, ‘Once the wind caught my kite, it (rose/raised) higher and higher over the trees. I know Chinese traditional medicine includes many herbal remedies, but once | (sawed/sazs) an old Chinese woman who also (around/grounded) animal bones for medicinal purposes. After the tragedy of September 11, 2601, the US government (grounded/ground) all fights out of New York. On New Year's Eve in Scotland, it is traditional for everyone to (rise/raise) their wine glasses and drink to health, wealth and happiness for the new year. Tm pleased with the way my balcony looks. Last week, I (hung/hanged) four lanik style ceramic balls, one in each corner. Before the trial, the prisoner (hung/hanged) himself in his prison cell. ‘The magician asked his assistant to step into the box. He then (saw/sawed) the box into two, The audience was amazed when they (saw/ saved) the girl in two pieces. Last summer, our hens cach (lay/laid) an egg every day, but this summer they are not very productive. As she walked (hrough the deep, dark forest, she tripped over the roots of an old pine tree and (fell/felled) to the ground. Iwas so embarrassed. Tht moment I opened the door to Aunt Agatha, my dog, Snowy, (bounded/ bound) down the hall and jumped on her. Both sides were in agreement about the size of the pay rise, but some confusion (arose/aroused) about the date from which the increase would be applied, During the explosion, a piece of flying glass (wounded/wound) Steve's face. As child, I had a clockwork fairy. The fairy sang “Twinkle Twinkle Little Star’. Every day | (wound/wounded) it up over and over again, and it would drive my mum mad. Prince Charles (found/founced) The Prince's Trust in order to help young people with new business ideas. Eventually we (found/founded) a parking space, but it took us a long time. ‘The legal secretary (bound/bounded) all the files about Mr Smith's personal injury claim together and put them on the lawyer's desk. In the 20th century, average life expectancy (raised/rose) mainly because of improved diet and hygiene and not as a result of any major medical breakthrough. Ironically, it was the thieves’ reluctance to leave their temporary home that (arose/aroused) the curiosity of their neighbours. which eventually led to their arrest, Joseph (sat/sed by the fire and smoked his pipe. When he was finished with it, Joseph (sat/sed the pipe in its stand on the shelf above the fire, Julia solemnly (laic/lay) the fowers on her mother's grave. Last night I Just (laid/lay) on the sofa and watched the horror movie on TV. After flying our kite, we (wound/.wounded) the sting back around the handle and walked down the hill Usually, after a crash at an airport, the authorities (ground/grind) all aircraft and close the airport until safety officers declare the area safe.es ELS - YDS, EXERCISE 3 : Complete the sentences with the Simple Past forms of the irregular verbs in the list. Use each verb only once. bear bend bite burst cling fling fy freeze quit ring slide split steal undertake upset 1 When we visited Mount Nemrut, we our journey by coach. 2 Because they lived a long way from a school, Roberta .. . the responsibility (or her children’s education and gave them lessons at home. 3- You and Josie... Me last night with your insensitive remarks about my weight. 4 The explorers’ donkey .. camping equipment and various tools. 5- He pretended to be the son of the Sheik. Then he asked to see some diamond rings and necklaces and .. fifty thousand pounds’ worth of jewellery from the gullible shopkeeper. 6- On 11th September, 2001, some of the victims trapped in the World Trade Centre themselves out of windows to their death. 7- Susie's inflatable rubber ring . in the swimming pool. Luckily, Her mother was right next to her. 8- Last winter, the weather got evtremely cold and the water in the drain pipe . and completely blocked the drains. 9 Tan's dog. his mother-in-law’s leg and she hasn't visited them since. 10- Afr several defeats of the English national football team, Kevin Keegan his job as thei manager. 11. When the twins inherited their father’s large house, they simply .. property into two and made two separate family homes. 12- She died because, when thieves grabbed her bag, she under the train. 13- When Sicard, the famous teacher of the deaf, died, church leaders the bells all day as a mark of respect. 14- My new fur coat is so heavy that when I hung it in the wardrobe it the rail. Now the rail 1s a strange ‘U' shape. AS- During the repairs to their roof, Steve Jost his footing and roof dangerously. Luckily, he managed to stop. to Diyarbalur and then continued . the weight of three weeks’ food supplies, eo the to it and fell . down the dust For Fun SPECIAL DELIVERY ‘leer catries once encountered a new resident whe was dlsappsiniea because he didn’t ‘bring her anything from her daughter, She went'on with complaining about the ills of the Postal Service. The carrier listentd to her patiently, and then he assured her that he'd personally deliver any mail from het loved one. A fewr days Inter, as the letter carricr neared the same house, a young woman stepped out of a taxi, Glaneing around uncertainly, she approached the carrier and showed him a piece of paper with a name and a street but no house numnber. Recognising the new resident's name, he took the young woman to the house. Just then theelderiy woman stepped onio her poreh and, after a nioment of stunned silence, rushed into her daughter's arms. =. ‘Tears a€ joy in her eyes, thé mother told the letter carrier, “I still'think you are slow with your regular mail, but you sure make up for it with your special delivery!” (by Virginia Torre2, from Reader's Digest)20 Se EXERCISE 4 +: Complete the sentences with the Simple Past forms of the irregular verbs 10- 1 12- 13- 1a in the list. Use each verb only once. break butld choose draw give hide hold lend tight see shed shoot strive throw weave Last night, we .. year’s programme. Aright wing gunman .. . a meeting of the club members and decided on next sess and killed the Roman Catholic Archbishop of El Salvador, Oscar Romeroy Galdamez, during a religious ceremony in 1980. An Egyptian craftsman sisson @ tapestry, a cloth with figures on it, for the tomb of Tuthmosis IV in 1414 BC. Twas lucky because a friend of mine me some ski boots, poles and a ski suit for last year's holiday. He said I could borrow them again this year, too. Between 1900 and 1910, Frank Wright and Louis Sullivan ...... several ‘prairie’ houses, which are considered classics of 20th century domestic architecture. In 1990, the athlete Steven Beckley a javelin 89.58 metres, which was a world record. Last year, we visited the area around Katahya and . Phrygian ruins. From the essay title list. 1 ... William Wordsworth’s and Coleridge's voint Work’ because I love these poetic works. ‘The police artist... a picture of the murderer's face from the witness's description. ‘The last time | ceremony. As the ambassador's wife stepped off the plane, a little gir! from St John's orphanage senesnenennue Her a bunch of flowers. William TURE weesssnsnsenes for the improvement of hospitals for the mentally ill In 1796 he opened his first hospital for the ‘friendly and humane’ treatment of the mentally ill. Last night We vrai the barbecue for the first time this summer and ate our dinner on the balcony During the latest conflict in Afghanistan, they couldmt catch the Taliban leaders because they .. in caves in the Tora Bora mountains. Yesterday one of our shelves collapsed and several plates .. the floor. the amazing tears was when I cried at my son's graduation .. as they hilEXERCISE 5 : Complete the sentences with the Simple Past forms of the irregular verbs lL 12 13- ceo 15 in the list. Use each verb only once. bleed catch creep dig keep lie mean mistay pay put swear swim swing weep teach ‘This morning, 1 . my car keys and I had an important meeting. Luckily, my mother found them down the back of the sofa, ‘The prison guard beat the boy's back with a stick until the boy's wounds : heavily. As I found Aunt Martha's stories boring, 1 ...e---e-n noe, OWL Of the lounge unnoticed and went upstairs to play computer games. Last Saturday, my brother Lacoste's. Mine cost me only £2.99. When Graham married Dorothy, he side. When I commented on her welght, I se it as a compliment. She looks much healthier now, It was so unfortunate that our goalkeeper first .. dropped it. H The contestant from French Guiana . the qualifying round alone because the other two contestants were disqualified for diving into the pool too soon. ‘On the day that the factory closed down, some of the employees alt ‘was a very emotional day for many workers. ‘The boys had a wonderful time at their uncle's farm. They ied an old tyre to a tree and back and forth on it over the stream all afternoon. She all her notes from university until she moved to Australia, Angelica ina primary school in Haiti for six months with the Voluntary Service Organisation This morning, .. .. some nuts on the bird table in our garden, Now there is not a single nut left. Yesterday. my father £100 for some designer sunglasses at enw that he would never leave her the ball and then a big hole in our garden for a fish pond and lined it with thick plastic sheets ready for the water. Instead of sitting on the park bench. I... and had a rest. ..on the grass, closed my eyes 2122 Se —— EXERCISE 6 + Complete the sentences with the Simple Past forms of the irregular verbs 10- 1 12- 13- 14- 18+ in the list. Use each verb only once. breed cast fake st flee forsake lead rid seek shrink string thrust toi withdraw uring The Mayor's car ... Participants followed. ‘The florist's Christmas window display was so attractive that it Chamber of Commerce's prize for the best display. The motorist angrily «..~ .. the £100 into the mechanics hand. He thought that amount was far too much for @ new battery. ‘The ground was really wet and, after a day's march over the mountains, the soldiers sense OUF their socks and hung them up to dry. After American bombing, thousands of Afghan citizens to Pakistan. They reached a peaceful settlement fast month and last week both sides seeoee their troops from the area. When he started his business, he which had branches in America and England. Last Monday. I washed my Buldan cushion covers in hot water to get a stain out, and, unfortunately, they . They don't fit over the cushion inserts any more. After many auditions, the director .... Billy Elliot in the film of the same name. She ... - her father's fortune when she married a coal miner. Her father completely disowned her. Jamie converted part of his father’s farm and ... to France, where they are a favourite dish, Some of the soldiers who on the front line were very young. We. our garden of weeds by using a weed ldller spray. Frank bought an old deleimer. an ancient musical instrument, which he polished and himself. It plays beautifully now. Carl wasn’t even well dressed at his sister's wedding, but at least, for once, his jacket ‘him properly. the procession through the town. All the other the .. advice from a firm of accountants, a local Yorkshire boy in the part of . edible snails for export EXERCISE 7 : Complete the sentences with the Simple Past forms of the verbs in the list. Some of the verbs are regular and some are irregular. Use each verb only once. beg elim cut fling Ju hurt ‘save shake shave shut sperd tell walk wash wear