A Project Report On

DC POWER SUPPLY

Submitted by
SOURAV SINGH
CLASS : XII ‘B’
ROLL NO. :
Under the guidance of
Mr. D.S MEENA
PGT (Physics)
Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Delhi Cantt. - 10
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that SOURAV SINGH

Of class XII B’ has prepared the report on the Project
entitled
“DC POWER SUPPLY”.
The report is the result of his efforts and endeavors. The
report is found worthy of acceptance as final project
report for the subject PHYSICS of class XII. He has
prepared the report under my guidance.

MR. D.S MEENA

PGT (PHYSICS)
Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1,
Delhi Cantt - 10
 CERTIFICATE

The project report entitled

“DC POWER SUPPLY”
Submitted by SOURAV SINGH of class XII ‘B’ for CBSE
Senior Secondary Examination class XII of PHYSICS at
Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Delhi Cantt – 10 has been
examined.

SIGNATURE OF EXAMINER
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work entitled

“DC POWER SUPPLY”, submitted to Department
of PHYSICS, Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Delhi
Cantt – 10 is prepared by me.

SOURAV SINGH
CLASS : XII ‘B’
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I extend my deep sense of gratitude and sincere

thanks to our subject teacher Mr. D.S Meena for
his valuable support and guidance in carrying my
project work.
I also express my gratitude to all the faculty
members, parents and my fellow mates who
have helped me to carry out this work. Last but
not the least, I would like to thank all those who
had helped me directly or indirectly towards the
completion of this project.
SOURAV SINGH
CLASS : XII ‘B’
 INTRODUCTION

In general, electronic circuits using transistors

requires a source of constant dc supply. Batteries are
rarely used for this purpose as they are costly and
bulky. In practice dc power for electronic circuit is
most conveniently obtained from commercial ac
lines by using rectifier-filter system, called a dc
power supply. The rectifier-filter combination
constitutes an ordinary dc power supply.
The project aims to provide a constant dc supply of
8V.
 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

TRANS- FILTER CONSTANT

FORMER RECTIFIER
CIRCUIT DC SUPPLY

AC INPUT SIGNAL

The step down transformer (9-0-9) lowers the

voltage to 9V. The output of the transformer is given
to a full wave rectifier which converts ac into dc, but
the dc is still fluctuating. The output of the rectifier is
given to a RC filter circuit for smoothing the varying
dc voltage. The smoothing in a RC filter circuit is not
perfect, giving a small ripple voltage. The ripple is
about 10% of the supply voltage which is satisfactory
for many circuits.
 WORKING

TRANSFORMER:
The step down transformer used converts the
220V ac to 9V ac. Transformer is a device based
on the principle of mutual induction. When the
flux linked with the secondary coil of the
transformer changes due to the change in
current in the primary coil, emf is induced in the
secondary coil. The transformer used in the
circuit is a centre-tapped transformer (9-0-9). If
the centre of the secondary coil is taken to be at
0 potential, then both the ends of the secondary
coil are at a potential of 9V in the transformer
used. The transformer has a capability to give a
current of 500mA.
FULL WAVE RECTIFIER:
A device that converts alternating current into
direct current is known as a rectifier.
In a full wave rectifier, two diodes are used. The
diodes used in the circuit is 1N4007. It has a peak
inverse voltage of 1000V.
For the positive cycle of the input ac, suppose
that the p- region of diode D1 is at higher
potential and p- region of diode D2 is at lower
potential. Thus, the diode D1 will be forward
biased and D2 will be reverse biased. Thus, the
diode D1 will conduct and D2 will block the
current. The current flows in the resistance R
from right to left direction(in the circuit diagram
drawn). For the negative cycle of input ac, the
diode D1 will be reverse biased and D2 will be
forward biased. Thus, the diode D1 will block
while D2 will conduct the current. Again, the
current in the resistance R flows from right to
left direction. Thus, the current in the resistance
flows only in one direction. Hence, there will be
a unidirectional and continuous flow of current
in the resistance. The frequency of current
becomes double of its original value.

FILTER CIRCUIT:
A capacitor is used as a device for smoothing of
the fluctuating unidirectional current from the
rectifier. The capacitor used in the circuit has a
capacitance of 1000µF.
The unidirectional current from the rectifier has
ripples, i.e., dc components and ac components
of voltage. The capacitor offers low impedance
to ac component and offers infinite impedance
to dc component. Due to it, the ac component is
filtered out.
When the voltage across the capacitor increase,
it starts charging until the voltage across it
becomes equal to the source voltage. When the
voltage across the capacitor becomes more than
the source voltage, the capacitor starts
discharging. The time taken for charging and
discharging of a capacitor depends on its
capacitance and resistance of the circuit. Higher
the value of capacitance, lower is the ripples in
the output of filter circuit. The cycle of charging
and discharging of capacitor continues.

LED:
An led is connected in the circuit to ensure that
the circuit is working properly. As led can only
work on constant dc supply, the glowing led
ensures that we have a constant value of direct
current as our output.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. www.google.com
II. www.wikipedia.org
III. www.scribd.in
IV. physics textbook class XII
V. Pradeep’s fundamental physics class XII