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Saciad fj eC / (Seas ear (an XO on) MNOYRe ered Ua eae tae re a ive ore rn ere ae 1 PA®- = Denpecco MOA0KO EN Neaeyirs Crea Scott Rao The Professional Barista’s Handbook An Expert's Guide to Preparing Espresso, Coffee, and Tea Huntington Beach 2011 CxorT Pao Tloco6ve lipodeccwoHasIbHOro OapucTDl ScreprHoe pykonogcTHo 110 IIpHPOTOBJIEHHW 3CIpecco H Kope Bmopoe usdanue Tlepenox ¢ anrmufickoro H. Co1povoit Mocksa Vagarenpcreo Cryqum Apremust JleGesena 2017 VILK 641.87 BBK 36.99 p22, Tloco6ue nporpeccHowansHoro Gapucrol : IkchieprHoe pyKoBOACTRO fo MPH roronmesnio acmpecco 1 Kore / Ckorr Pao;|nep. ¢ axa. M. Csxpozoit]. — 2-e m3. —M. : 3-80 Cryin Apremuns TeGesewa, 2017, — 200 c. ca 5-98062-101-8 ISBN or xKaurra conepxirr cto neo6xosuim yo Huebopmantinio H MHOAECTHO MOAESHEIX coeron mo npurovosseKiti Icnpecco, KatIysitHo, are, a-TaKKe Ho OpraHH- aun paGorer xodefin.Hlocobue Gasupyerex a O6unpHON AHHOM OT ‘Te abropa # nonxpemero ccnunkantt ta commmbie neCneoRaEIAS OGACTH owe. Bee MileTpyRrun tracronbKo Noy{po6IT, Mari HAAS HO syiorer Aare noniuKn, H3janie ormusiio mpost- poxecestoniavtanu wnioroweneHEBiae Mit Cslerkocrbi0 Bocrio” alocrppovanon Gysier uirrepecHo H onTy3nactaM npHroTORMEHHA Kobe B OMAN YOTOBILX B pyccknii nepewog He Houma rana 0 saBapuBann YANK 641.87 BBK 56.99 © Scott Rao, 2008, ©. Copona, nepesog Ha pyccKsti ssn, 2014 © Cryqws Apres Jlebenena, ‘ochopsurente, 2017 ISBN 978-5-98062-101-8 (pyc) ISBN 978-1-4675-0571-6 (aura) OrmapneHue Orapropa 1.C4eronayare . 2.Dempecco ........+. IIpuroroamenme scmpecco: HavambHbie cBeAeHMA............ 19 Tomon 3epex 1a npuroropnenus 3cmpecco....... 25 Josupopanme mpacmpenencHue.......ees++ 233 Ipymunr. 36 ‘TpamGonxa.. 45 Temneparypa Bosbt we SL Pesiomupys Bmmeckazanioe.. 60 Tipeacmauupanne. 63 Cpapnene nransanicKoii u amepuKancKoii MPHrOTOBMEHHE ICHPECCO .......eeseeseseeseetseeeseseesss 69 Tipepsinanne nogaun qannenus npiBapKe sempecco 76 3. 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SKcrinyaTayMoHHble KaveCTBa KoeMonKH Coseryio npnodpecrit camyio Ay4UNyI0 KocbeMouIKy, KaKY10 TOMB € ECiIM 13-34 3TOFO pHseTCA Ko BOSMOAKHO CeGE MOSBOHTD, J KynWTb Korbemaumny noseuense. pH MATeHCHBHOM aKcrETya- ‘TANHH KocbeMOnKH cpeguero KalecTHa H3-3a Ce CHABHOTO Harpe- ba MorkeT MocrpajlaTb GyKer HamHTKAa Haake HApyUIMTHCH IKC- “Tpakins, ecm 6yayT OGpasoHDIBATHCH KOMKH, CHMUIKOM MHOTO ACTH MeNYXH, HIME MOMOTDI Kompe CTaHET MuIOxo pacmpene- ssrTbca BHYTpH Kopsun. Hu ofta scmpecco-ManIHHa, KaKOH Obt conepurennoii ona Hit Ghia, He CMOrKET KOMTEHCHPORATE pos, JIEMBI, BOSHHKaHOUIHe 13-38 TLIOXOFO KaeCTBA TOMO.TA. Equucreentias nanGonee Baktad xapakrepuctuKa Kode- MOnKH — 970 HanMHMe ocTpEn xepHOROR. HX 3HaveHHe HEBOS- MOKHO NepeoneHurs. Brarogaps ocrpsiM >KepHopam yMerb- waeTea Harpy3ka Ha 31eKTpoABHTaTenb’, opasyeTcA MeHbIe Tella, YMeHbUIaeTCA OFBEM MemKHX 4aCTHU WenyXH H yavanna rca pacnpenenenne uacrmn ro paaMepy (2pancocmas) MonoTo- ro Korpe Mockonpxy perysapHO MeHsIT 2KepHoRa JOCTATOUIIO HaKIAAHO, conetyto naliri mecrayto MexanMueckyio Macrepcxyro i Ipo- HaBomUTENS KodpeMONOK, KOTOpBIe 3HUMaIOTCs 2aTOUKOI 3aTY- NMBLIMXCH AEPHOROB. 3aTOUKY MO2KHO NpoUsBECTH OAME-Ba pa3a, nocte vero 2KepHoBa HEOOXOAMMO 3aMeHHTE. Kpurepmm oyern Kodemonkn Ip. mpuroroszeHnn acrpecco B AoMaLHHX yi pegko nenaerca Gone mpyx-rpex nopuuti B ¥ac, pasnMunsl & pa Gore pasnnrx mporpeccuonambHbIx KodpeMOnOK He3aMeTHIDL. BJO HOBHIIX, KOFJIa MaILIHX YCIOBAAX AYIA KOMTeHCAUMH HeBaIKHOM paGort Ko eMonku MOKHO aKe vcnONDs0BATb TaKOit OTHHMAIOUHii MaCcy BpeMeHH CTOCO6, KaK paspanHMBaHHe NoRepxHOCTH 110 Merogy Baiica. TlosTomy oma serko AO6UTHCA HeHIMeHHO Bot CoKUX pesyssTaton C mOGOH NporpeccuonanbHoii KocpeMosIKOit TpHemnemoro Kasecraa. Capyroit cropouss, Gapncre B Kathe, KoTOppIii 3a4actyio ON 2XKCH MPHTOTOBUTD HECKOABKO MOpUMit B Oe M~IeHbKHM MPOMeKYTOK BPeMeHH, Halo THIaTEMbHee NONXOAUTS K REIGOpY Kocpemonxn. Hpodpeccuionany Tpe6yercs korpemonka, obecneun- Baiolas paBHoMepHoe pacnpeenenue H oTcyTeTBMe Harpena Mosororo Kocbe mput ee HitTeKCHBHOM 3KerLTY: Hoke npawoquTcs HecKombxo BaxkHeliLINx KpHTepHeB oMeH- ki KavecrBa kocpemMonKu. aH 27 cou pangen Syms, 636 Muuumanpuniit Harpes Mosororo Koipe. Msmenbuerue 3e- peut Heus6erxx0 componorxaerca HeGombINUM HarpeBariMeM 110- pouika B pesyabrare TpeHHs H paspbina MOseKYAAPHBIX cBABeH, OAHAKO ZoNOTHHTENHBI Harpes MomOTOTO Kobe H3-3a KON TakTa ¢ O¥eH» ropsveli MoBepXHOCTHIO KOdeMONKH HexKeTaTe- aex. Takoli Harper yxyquiaer GykeT HanMTKa, a ero apomaTitde- ckue KoMMOHeHTHI ObIcTpee yareTyUMBALOTCA. 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Kopemonka qomxHa nbinaBarD Korpel- tubtit mopomtoK Ges KoMKoB, “roGs npoRepHT Ko“eMomKy, HYK- ho Hacbintarb Ha auc Gymaritjo3y MonoTOrO KoKpe O6beMOM Ha Mapy WOTOB H HcCHe{OBATS ee Ha HANH YHe KOMKOB. ECAH TaKOBBIE UMeIOTCA, HaOONHLCTHT» CaM KEpHORA H MPOXON MesKAY HM §"KaMepoit 20saTopa,a TaiwKe 3aMeHUT 3aTyTMIeHIBIe KepHORa, ‘CHM Nocne 3Tor O6pasyiores KOMKH, CTOHT BOCTIOMESORATLCR eros(om Baiica, Komkopanne borsiiBaerca ceyiou\uMM npuunnamu: o6pa- sopaHMe U3AHULHETO KONMYECTBa TeMIOTH MpH HOMONE; KOH- crpyktinpuete ocoBenHocTH KoeMonkH, KorNa KoKpelinDtit 1o- POWOK c yeusIHeM mporamkuBaetca Yepes Y3KHK NpOXON MerksLy 2kepHOBAMM 1 KaMepoit o3aTOpa; HanHuMe GombILIOTO KONE rma Maces1Ha NonepxHOCTH YacTHMMpHMTebHOM xpaxteHHH Kore wax cunprioit crertenu o6xKapkusepert. OGecne4eHue pasnomepHoro pacnpepenenua. 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