EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Function
◦ also known as the Urinary System, rids the body of nitrogenous wastes in
the form of urine while regulating water, electrolyte, and acid-base
balance of the blood.
◦ Urine is clear, yellow, and usually slightly acidic, but its pH value varies
widely.
ØIt normally contains water, various ions, and nitrogenous wastes such as
urea, ammonia, creatinine, and uric acid.
ORGANS
 Kidneys
◦ A kidney is made up of the
structural and functional unit
called Nephron.
◦ A nephron has a glomerulus and
a renal tubule.
◦ It filters the blood and make sure
to maintain the blood
composition.
◦ In the process of filtering the
blood, wastes are removed
leading to the formation of the
urine.
Ureters, Urinary Bladder & Urethra
◦ Ureters- Slender tubes where each end is
continuous with the kidney’s pelvis and is
connected to the bladder.
◦ Urinary Bladder- is a smooth, collapsible,
muscular sac that stores urine temporarily
and has three openings.
◦ Urethra- A thin-walled tube that carries
urine by peristalsis from the bladder to the
outside of the body (longer in male).
 Urine formation
◦ Filtration- water and solutes are forced
through the glomerular capsule into the
renal tube
◦ Tubular Reabsorption- water, glucose,
amino acids are absorbed from the
filtrate into the tubule cells and then
enter the capillary blood
◦ Tubular Secretion- removing of H+, K+,
creatinine, and drugs are removed from
the peri tubular blood and secreted by
the tubule cells into the filtrate.
 REABSORPTION
FILTRATION *mostly occurs in the PCT, but DCT and
the collecting duct are also active

SECRETION

Source: YouTube CrashCourse