INTRODUCTION TO THE G CLEF

The first clef we’re going to learn about is called the G clef. Now that
we know the basics of the musical staff and music notation, it’s about
time we get down to business.

The G clef is the most commonly used clef, so that makes a good place
to start our venture into the world of music notation.

Design
This is a G clef:

So why is it called “G” clef?

The answer has to do with its design — the curl in the design of the clef
always “surrounds” the note G4, meaning that the note G4 passes
through the center of the curl:
Treble Clef
It’s possible to place the G clef on any one of the five lines of the staff.
Wherever it’s placed, the line that passes through the curl would be the
note G4. However, in actual practice there’s only one position of the G
clef that’s used nowadays: the treble clef. 

The treble clef is positioned so that the curl of the clef surrounds the
2nd-lowest line on the staff:
So the 2nd-lowest line is the note G4:

Nowadays it’s common to interchange the term G clef with treble clef,
since the treble clef is the only G clef used anymore. But as we can see,
the treble clef is actually a specific position of the G clef.

Reference Points
With practice, you can learn to memorize every line and space on the
staff. Meanwhile, it’s very helpful to learn some reference points for
each clef. (This way, we can find any note in relation to the reference.)

For example, we’ve already learned one reference point – G4. When we
look at a staff with a treble clef, we can instantly find G4 by looking for
the line that’s encircled by the curl of the clef.

There’s another reference point that may be even more helpful, and
that’s C4, or middle C. In treble clef, C4 is located on the first ledger
line below the staff:

Middle C is a good reference point to use for all clefs that we learn. It’s

our main reference point on the piano keyboard, so it makes sense to use
it as the main reference point for reading music, too.

This way, we’re always “grounded”. We have a starting point to

understanding where we are in reference to the piano keyboard, and in
reference to other clefs. We can think of it like a “You are here”
indication on a map or directory.

Treble Clef In Use

The treble clef is by far the most commonly used clef. First of all, a huge
number of instruments use the treble clef as their main or only clef.
Some examples are: violin, flute, guitar, trumpet, oboe, clarinets,
saxophones, French horn, English horn, mandolin, and more:
It’s also used a lot in vocal music. Women’s voices like soprano, mezzo-
soprano, and contralto use this clef, as does music written for younger
boys (and girls).

Piano, harp, and other keyboard and pitched percussion instruments use
two clefs together, with the upper one a treble clef (this is known as the
“grand staff”, and we’ll cover it in more detail later):

Instruments that have another clef as their main clef often use the treble
clef as an alternate option, in case the music gets too high for their
normal clef. Examples include viola, cello, bassoon, and more. These
instruments usually use either alto or bass clef, but have the possibility
to switch to treble clef in order to avoid tons of ledger lines:

In fact, the treble clef is so widely used that it has basically become the
“default clef” in music. In other words, when someone is just jotting
down some music, or doing harmony or theory exercises, they will
usually use the treble clef.

Similarly, treble clef is standard for lead sheets, a type of sheet music

that contains the basic musical information of a song, including its
melody and chord symbols. Fake books, “real” books, and other similar
publications often have hundreds of lead sheets packed into one volume.
These are most often written in the standard treble clef (unless the book
is catering to a specific instrument that uses a different clef.)

The French Violin Clef

There’s actually one other position of the G clef, but it’s rare. It’s called
the French violin clef, or French clef.

The design of a French violin clef is a G clef whose curl encircles the
lowest line of the staff, instead of the 2nd-lowest (as in treble clef):