MLBEHEV\TMFE@H JEHMHFEITM

\TMDMA@ IH I]YE_@
‛GYEMV FM_.=,4,6‒
YHEZITVELML
_ILMGÖGEFM

JTMHFEVF@ B@TMQÍH 
FIH\T@ YHEZITVE\MTE@ LI  IKMD@TML@ _@T1
ILYFMFEÖH M LEV\MHFEM (FYIL)
 

Ciykm Zmhissm _åriz Mguekmr 

 JMFEKE\ML@T1
Kfl`. Amer` T`lreguiz

JIFNM1
  =4 Auhe` 4?4=
 

FM_Â\YK@ H¿ =
=. Ve t`
t`lm
lmss km
kmss f`b
f`bpmý
pmýâm
âmss tuv
tuvei
eirm
rmh
h ik `dait
`daitev
ev`` li bm
bmxe
xebe
bezm
zmrr km requi
requizm
zm li k`s
k`s
mffe`hestms °Km gihti ih gihirmk tihlrâm m istmr ih bia`ris ` pi`ris f`hlefe`his0

T// Ve si leirm km setumfeöh li qui si queiri mubihtmr km requizm li k`s mffe`hestms ist`s
 p`lrâmh dusfmr istrmtigems f`b` mubihtmr km pmrtefepmfeöh li birfml` ` mubihtmr km
setumfeöh lik fkeihti. H` `dstmhti, ik bmxebezmr kms requizms li k`s mffe`hestms h` kedirm m km
ibprism lik f`bpr`bes` li mftumr li bmhirm s`femkbihti risp`hsmdki3 p`r k` tmht`, ih
gihirmk tihlirâmh m istmr ih bia`ris f`hlefe`his.
f`h lefe`his.

4. °Li quå si trmtm km mlbehestrmfeöh jehmhfeirm0

T//  Km mlbeh
mlbehes
estr
trmf
mfeö
eöh
h jehm
jehmhf
hfei
eirm
rm si trmt
trmtmm li km ml
mlqu
ques
esef
efeö
eöh,
h, ik jehm
jehmhf
hfemb
embei
eiht
ht`
` y km
mlbehestrmfeöh li deihis f`h mkguhm bitm gk`dmk ih bihti. Liskegíhl`si km juhfeöh li
lifeseöh ih kms lifese`his li ehvirseöh, jehmhfembeiht` y mlbehestrmfeöh.

6. Ixpkequi p`r quå auzgmr km ijefeihfem li fumkqueir lifeseöh jehmhfeirm riqueiri qui
ixestm uhm bitm.

T// Vi lidih lijeher bitms pmrm p`lir f`bpmrmr ` pmrm litirbehmr se nm sel` ijefeihti ` h`
uhm lifese
lifeseöh
öh jehmhf
jehmhfeir
eirm.
m. Ve mkfmhz
mkfmhzmb`
mb`ss ` s`drip
s`dripmsm
msmb`s
b`s km bitm,
bitm, iht`hfi
iht`hfiss si nm sel`
sel`
ijefeihti y si nm tihel` åxet` ih km lifeseöh jehmhfeirm qui si t`bö.

<. °Fuíkis s`h kms tris juhfe`his preb`rlemkis lik lerift`r jehmhfeir`0 °Föb` si
rikmfe`hm0

T// Km t`bm li lifese`his li ehvirseöh li jehmhfembeiht` y km mlbehestrmfeöh li k`s deihis.

Ih be `peheöh su rikmfeöh is mk b`biht` li uhm lifeseöh ym qui se h` si lifeli deih nmdrí
risuktml`s higmtev`s, y k` preb`rlemk is uhm duihm lifeseöh.
 

9. °L
°Lid
idih
ih k`
k`ss mlb
mlbeh
ehes
estr
trml`
ml`ri
riss li uh
uhmm f`
f`bp
bpmý
mýâm
âm p`sii
p`siirr fmhte
fmhtelml
lmlis
is grmhl
grmhlis
is li
mffe`his f`buhis li istm0 °Fuíkis s`h kms vihtmams y lisvihtmams li ikk`0

T//  K`s mlbehestrml`ris lidih ihj`fmrsi ih gihirmr vmk`r pmrm km f`bpmýâm y pmrm sus
mffe`hestms, p`r k` tmht`, is ehlejirihti se p`siih ` h` uhm fmhtelml li mffe`his.

Zihtmams

 Ik mlbehestrml`r vikmrm p`r sus ehtirisis y ist` gihirmrm vmk`r m t`l`s mffe`hestms y
m su ibprism.
 K`s reisg`s lik mlbehestrml`r siríh k`s li km f`bpmýâm

Lisvihtmams

 Ik mlbehestrml`r puili t`bmr lifese`his seh ik f`hsihtebeiht` li t`lm km f`bpmýâm.

 Kms lifese`his lik mlbehestrml`r puilih er leregelms m ehtirisis pirs`hmkis.

:. Lurm
Lurmhti
hti km
kmss ñkte
ñktebm
bmss lå
låfml
fmlms
ms si nm
nmh
h eb
ebpu
puist
ist`` rigu
rigukm
kmfe
fe`hi
`hiss mb
mbde
deiht
ihtmk
mkis
is,, li
f`htrmtmfeöh y li `tr` tep` s`dri k`s hig`fe`s. Ih vestm li ist`s fmbde`s ih kms rigkms
°km bmxebezmfeöh li km requizm li k`s mffe`hestms is mñh uh `daitev` rimkestm0

T// Ve, bufnms ibprisms fubpkih f`h kms rigukmfe`his y k`grmh m su viz bmxebezmr kms
requizms li sus mffe`hestms, ym qui lipihlih lik ihj`qui, istrmtigems y p`kâtefms qui si
segmh pmrm qui isms rigukmfe`his si f`hveirtmh ih uhm j`rtmkizm pmrm km f`bpmýâm y p`r ihli
 pmrm sus mffe`hestms.

7. F`b` ehvirse`hestm °peihsm qui si pmgm libmseml` m mkguh`s mlbehestrml`ris0

°Vus rif`bpihsms si pmgmh m ixpihsms li k`s mffe`hestms0

T//  Be `pehe
`peheöh
öh is qui,
qui, se mñh
mñh ml
mlbe
behe
hest
strm
rml`
l`rr si ki pmgm
pmgm 9,???
9,??? bihs
bihsumk
umkis
is,, pir`
pir` is
isti
ti
mlbehe
mlbehestr
strml`r
ml`r trepke
trepkefm
fm isi vmk`r
vmk`r ih risukt
risuktml`
ml` y gihirm
gihirm requizm
requizmss pmrm
pmrm ik mffe`h
mffe`hest
estm,
m, ism
fmhtelml pmgmlm mk mffe`hestm, p`lrâm sir piquiým, pir` p`r se ik f`htrmre` k`s risuktml`s s`h
buy bâheb`s mk vmk`r pmgml` mk mlbehestrml`r is buy ikivml`.
 

>. °Li
°Li qu
quåå bmh
mhir
irmm k`
k`ss f`
f`hf
hfip
ipt`
t`ss li re
reis
isg`
g` y rif`
rif`bp
bpih
ihsm
smh
h g`de
g`deir
irhm
hmh
h ih
f`bp`rtmbeiht` li k`s rift`ris jehmhfeir`s0

T// Ik reisg` is km p`sedekelml qui si teihi li `dtihir uh risuktml` h`, ik f`bp`rtmbeiht`

lik lerift`r jehmhfeir` si vi mjiftml` ym qui ih fmlm pr`yift` qui lifelm iaifutmr, vm
ehfkuel` ik reisg` li qui h` `dtihgm k`s risuktml`s ispirml`s y p`r k` tmht` h` `dtihir uhm
rif`bpihsm.

5. °]uå is km g`dirhmhzm f`rp`rmtevm0 °Fuík is ik pmpik lik f`hsia` leriftev` li uhm

f`rp`rmfeöh ih km g`dirhmhzm f`rp`rmtevm0

T// Vestibm qui bilemhti åk si bmhiam y f`htr`km m kms f`rp`rmfe`his, f`bprihli kms

rikmfe`his ihtri k`s mffe`hestms, ik f`hsia` leriftev` y km mktm mlbehestrmfeöh.

U ik pmpik lik f`hsia` leriftev` is istmdkifir uhm mbpkem p`kâtefm y mffis`rem mk lerift`r 
iaifutev` y `tr`s iaifutev`s li mkt` rmhg`, qui mlbehestrmh km f`bpmýâm ih ribuhirmfe`his
 pmrm ik lerift`r iaifutev`. \mbdeåh rivesm y mpruidm kms istrmtigems, kms ehvirse`his
seghejefmtevms, vegekm k`s pkmhis li `pirmfeöh y k`s prisupuist`s li fmpetmk y tmbdeåh k`s
ehj`rbih is jehmhfeir`s li km f`bpmýâm.
 

FM_E\YK@ H¿ 4

=. °F
°Fuík
uík is km mf
mfte
teve
velm
lml
l prehf
prehfep
epmk
mk li km j`rbm
j`rbm f`r
f`rp`
p`rm
rmte
tevm
vm li `rg
`rgmh
mhez
ezmf
mfeö
eöh0
h0

Mhmk
Mh mkef
efii km eb
ebp`
p`rt
rtmh
mhfe
femm li istm
istm vi
viht
htma
mamm pmrm
pmrm ik lu
luiý
iý`` li uh piqu
piquiý
iý``
ristmurmhti jmbekemr.
Mhmkefi km ebp`rtmhfem li istm vihtmam pmrm uh ibprismre` mfmulmkml` qui
p`sii vmre`s hig`fe`s.
T//Km mftevelml prehfepmk
prehfepmk li km j`rbm
j`rbm f`rp`rmtevm
f`rp`rmtevm is trmir levirsms
levirsms vihtmams m istms
tmkis f`b`1 km risp`hsmdekelml kebetmlm, km jífek trmhsjirihfem li pr`peilml, velm
kebetmlm y km fmpmfelml pmrm riuher grmhlis subms li fmpetmk, Ik `daitev` jehmk is ik
li p`lir mhtefepmrsi m k`s pr`dkibms m k`s qui si ihjrihtmh k`s ibprihlil`ris y
lesp`h
lesp`hir
ir li uhm nirrmb
nirrmbeih
eihtm
tm qui pirbet
pirbetmm m k`s risp`h
risp`hsmd
smdkis
kis gudirh
gudirhmbi
mbihtm
htmkis
kis
lesiýmr f`h bmy`r ijefmfem kms p`kâtefms li mp`y` `p`rtuhms.
Istm `pfeöh li `rgmhezmfeöh is km ehlefmlm pmrm ik ibprismre` mfmulmkml` ym qui si
 puili riuher fmpetmk ih h`bdri li km f`rp`rmfeöh seh ixp`hir m k`s luiý`s m uhm
risp`hsmde
risp`hsmdekelml
kelml ekebetmlm,
ekebetmlm, p`r f`hsegueihti,
f`hsegueihti, k`s deihis pirs`hmkis
pirs`hmkis h` si puilih
f`hjesfmr ih km ris`kufeöh li libmhlm.
4. °I
°Ih
h quå
quå si leji
lejiri
rihf
hfem
em uh s`f
s`fe`
e` kebet
kebetml`
ml` ih uh
uhmm ib
ibpri
prism
sm li uh mffe
mffe`h
`hes
estm,
tm,
sup`heihl` ik besb` p`rfihtmai li pr`peilml0
T//_`r k` gihirmk k`s s`fe`s kebetml`s sus pårlelms istíh kebetmlms m km fmhtelml

ehvirtelm. K`s s`fe`s kebetml`s usumkbihti h` pmrtefepmh ih lifese`his li girihfem `

ehvirseöh.
Yh mffe`hestm is uhm pirs`hm qui p`sii uhm ` vmrems mffe`his ih uhm ibprism. K`s
mffe`hestms tmbdeåh suikih rifeder ik h`bdri li ehvirs`ris. Isti si ehv`kufrm ih km
gist
gisteö
eöh
h li km ibpr
ibpris
ismm y su risp
risp`h
`hsm
smde
deke
kelm
lml
l y p`lir
p`lir li life
lifese
seöh
öh lipih
lipihli
li lik
lik
 p`rfihtmai li su fmpetmk.

6. °Fu
°Fuíki
íkiss s`h mkg
mkguhm
uhmss li
lisvih
svihtmam
tmamss li
m) uh pr`peitmre` ñhef`
d) uhm s`feilml
 

f) uhm f`bpmýâm li risp`hsmdekelml kebetmlm0

T//
m) Yh pr`
pr`peit
peitmr
mree` ñhef`
hef`11  su lisv
lisvih
ihtm
tmam
am preh
prehfe
fepm
pmkk is qui
qui ik lu
luiý
iý`
` is
 pirs`hmkbihti risp`hsmdki li t`lms kms `dkegmfe`his lik hig`fe`, se

libmhlmh km `rgmhezmfeöh ik pr`peitmre` f`b` luiý` is ik libmhlml`.

d) V`f
`feeilml1
ml1 kigmkis, km s`feilml si lesuikvi se uh` li k`s s`fe`s buiri ` si
riterm y km rif`hstetufeöh li km s`feilml p`lrâm sir uh msuht` lejâfek.
f) F`b
F`bpmý
pmýâms
âms li risp
risp`hsm
`hsmdek
dekelm
elml
l kebetmlm
kebetmlm,, (FTK)
(FTK)11  ki jmktm fmrmftirâstefms
f`rp`rmtevms li velm kebetmlm, km trmsjirihfem f`bpkitm li km pr`peilml suiki
istmr suaitm m km mpr`dmfeöh li mk bih`s uhm bmy`râm li k`s `tr`s
` tr`s beibdr`s.

<. °]uå tep` li f`rp`rmfeöh si dihijefem f`h ik ebpuist` s`dri km rihtm0

T// Vi dihijefem km ibprism qui teihi uhm liprifemfeöh f`b` mftev` li fmpetmk ym qui si
lesbehuyi ik ebpuist` grmvml`.

9. Ih gihirmk, °fuíkis s`h k`s prehfepe`s ih k`s qui si dmsm ik Vestibm B`lejefml`
Mfikirml` li Tifupirmfeöh li F`st`s (VBMTF)0
T//  Km kiy li rij`rbm mk ebpuist` li =5>: pirbeti m kms f`bpmýâms usmr uh tep`
 pmrtefukmr li liprifemfeöh pmrm jehis jesfmkis3 si f`h`fi f`b` sestibm b`lejefml`
mfikirml`
mfikirml` li rifupirmfeöh
rifupirmfeöh li f`st` (VBMTF).
(VBMTF). Vi mseghm bmqueh
b mquehmrem,
mrem, iquep`
iqu ep` y deihis
deih is
rmâfis m uhm li `fn`s fkmsis f`h ik jeh li litirbehmr uhm velm prisfretm, kkmbmlm

 pire`l` li rifupirmfeöh li f`st`s , y uh båt`l` li liprifemfeöh.  Km fkmsi li pr`peilml

ih km fmi uh deih litirbehm su pire`l` li f`st` li rifupirmfeöh ` velm prisfretm pmrm
jehis jesfmkis, uhm velm qui puili lejirer li km velm ñtek ` if`höbefm.

7. °Kms tmsms li ebpuist`s ehlevelumkis s`h pr`grisevms ` rigrisevms ih ik sihtel`

li qui mubihtmh ` lesbehuyih f`h k`s hevikis li ehgris`s0
T//  Fumkque
Fumkqueir
ir ehgris
ehgris`
` rip`rt
rip`rtml`
ml` p`r uh s`k`
s`k` pr`pei
pr`peitmr
tmre`
e` s`f
s`feil
eilml
ml ` f`bpmýâ
f`bpmýâms
ms li
risp`hsmdekelml kebetmlm si f`hveirti ih ehgris` lik luiý` y si grmvm m km tmsm pirs`hmk,
 pmrm ehlevelu`s ixesti mftumkbihti sies hevikis li ebpuist`s pr`grisev`s.
=?%.=9%.49%.4>%.66% y 69%. U istms lipihlih lik istml` fevek lik ehlevelu`.  Kms
 

tmsms s`h pr`grisevms ym qui fumhl` mubihtm k`s ehgris`s li km ibprism f`b` is uhm
tmsm li p`rfihtmai s`dri ik ehgris` ik fumk si teihi qui pmgmr mk istml`, pir`  si f`hveirti
ih rigrisev` fumhl` si vmh lesbehuyihl` kms gmhmhfems li km ibprism.

5. Ik båt`l` li liprifemfeöh h` mktirm km fmhtelml t`tmk lilufelm lik ehgris` lurmhti

km velm li uh deih. °]uå sâ km mktirm y p`r quå is ebp`rtmhti0
T// km liprifemfeöh kehimk (` ih kâhim riftm) y vmre`s båt`l`s li liprifemfeöh mfikirmlm. K`s
båt`l`s li liprifemfeöh ikigel`s puilih lejirer ih k`s rip`rtis jesfmkis y ih k`s rip`rtis
jehmhfeir`s. Fmse t`lms kms ibprisms f`h ehgris`s grmvmdkis prijeirih usmr uh båt`l` li
liprifemfeöh mfikirmlm ih su lifkmrmfeöh li ebpuist`s, uh` qui kis pirbetm lisf`htmr f`h
rmpeliz y, f`h ikk`, `dtihir uhm fejrm li ehgris` grmvmdki bih`r.
=?. Ve k`s luiý`s li uhm huivm f`rp`rmfeöh s`h p`f`s ih hñbir`, °teihi sihtel` pmrm
jehis jesfmkis f`hvirtersi ih uhm f`rp`rmfeöh V0 Ixpkequi.
T// Yhm f`rp`rmfeöh puili tihir mffe`his ih `trm f`bpmýâm. Ve rifedi levelihl`s
ih ijiftev` s`dri isms mffe`his, h`rbmkbihti ik 7?% li k`s levelihl`s istíh ixiht`s li
ebpuist`s.9 Kms kiyis jesfmkis pirbetih isti mkeve` tredutmre` pmrm kms f`bpmýâms (h` k`s
ehlevelu`s) pmrm myulmr m rilufer k`s ijift`s li km ebp`sefeöh bñktepki s`dri kms besbms
utekelmlis. Ik 6?% ristmhti si grmvm m km besbm tmsm qui ik ehgris` li km f`rp`rmfeöh. Yhm
ibprism qui rifedi $=?,??? ih levelihl`s pmgm ebpuist`s sök` s`dri $6,??? li su ehgris`.
M uhm tmsm li ebpuist`s bmrgehmk lik
l ik 69%, k`s ebpuist`s submrâmh $=,?9?, ih f`bpmrmfeöh
f`h $6,9?? se t`l` ik ehgris` p`r levelihl`s si bmhiamrm f`b` ehgris` grmvmdki.

=6. °Fuík is ik pr`pöset` li k`s birfml`s jehmhfeir`s0 °Föb` puili isti pr`pöset`
k`grmrsi li bmhirm ijefeihti0

T// _r`pöset` li k`s birfml`s jehmhfeir`s1 K`s mftev`s jehmhfeir`s ixestih ih uhm if`h`bâm
 p`rqui k`s mn`rr`s li vmre`s ehlevelu`s, f`rp`rmfe`his y g`deirh`s lurmhti uh pire`l`
lejeirih li sus ehvirse`his ih deihis rmâfis ` ehbuidkis. Ve k`s mn`rr`s egumkmrmh m kms
ehvirse`his ih deihis rmâfis pmrm t`lms kms uhelmlis if`höbefms ih uhm if`h`bâm ih t`l`s
k`s pire`l`s, h` nmdrâm jehmhfembeiht` ixtirh`, deihis jehmhfeir`s he birfml`s li fmpetmk `
li lehir`.
 

Ik pr`pöset` li k`s birfml`s jehmhfeir`s ih uhm if`h`bâm is mseghmr mn`rr`s li bmhirm

ijefeihti m k`s usumre`s jehmkis. Km ijefeihfem ebpkefm riuher mk ehvirse`hestm jehmk ih deihis
rmâfis y mk mn`rrml`r jehmk mk bih`r f`st` p`sedki

=<. Mhmkefi kms juhfe`his li k`s ehtirbilemre`s jehmhfeir`s

T//  Ist`s ehfkuyih

ehfkuyih dmhf`s f`birfemkis,
f`birfemkis, ehstetufe`his
ehstetufe`his li mn`rr`,
mn`rr`, f`bpmýâms
f`bpmýâms li sigur`s,
sigur`s,
j`hl`s li pihse`his, f`bpmýâms jehmhfeirms y j`hl`s butu`s.

Km juhfeöh li ist`s ehtirbilemre`s jehmhfeir`s is utekezmr lehir`, ispifemkbihti li pirs`hms

y grup`s, pmrm jehmhfemr kms ehvirse`his li `trms ibprisms ` pirs`hms.

Ih gihirmk friib`s qui, lidel` m kms p`kâtefms y kiyis qui kms regih, nmfih qui ik pr`fis`
li ehvirseöh tihgm uh ‛`rlih‒ ih ik sihtel` qui si rilufih kms j`rbms li frålet` y pmg`
lidel` m kms kiyis quikms regih. Ve fmlm pirs`hm si lilefmrm m jehmhfemr leriftmbihti m k`s

ehvirse`hestms, ` f`bprmr mffe`his y d`h`s, ist`s istmrâmh lestreduel`s ih levirselml li

bmh`s, k` mhtire`r h` is bmk`, pir` ih tårbeh`s li s`feilml h` istmrâm tmh f`htr`kml` y
`rlihml`..
`rlihml`

=:.
=:. °]uå
°]uå se
segh
ghej
ejef
efmm nm
nmfi
firr bí
bíss ij
ijef
efei
eiht
htis
is m k`s
k`s bi
birf
rfml
ml`s
`s je
jehm
hmhf
hfei
eir`
r`s0
s0 °U bí
bíss
f`bpkit`s0

T// Lisli ik puht` li vestm lik birfml` jehmhfeir` ih sâ, nmfirk` bís ijefeihti seghejefm
riuher mk ehvirse`hestm jehmk ih deihis rmâfis y mk mn`rrml`r jehmk mk bih`r f`st` p`sedki, K`s
ehtirbilemre`s jehmhfeir`s myulmh m qui k`s birfml`s jehmhfeir`s simh bís ijefeihtis, k`s

eht
ehtirb
irbile
ilemre
mre`s
`s istíh
istíh ihtri
ihtri k`s f`bprm
f`bprml`r
l`ris
is jehmki
jehmkiss y k`s pristm
pristmbes
bestms
tms trmhsj
trmhsj`rb
`rbmhl`
mhl`
libmhlms leriftms ih libmhlms ehleriftms.

=>. Ih gihirmk, °fuík sirâm ik ijift` pr`dmdki li k`s segueihtis sufis`s ih ik birfml`
li lehir` y ik birfml` li fmpetmk0

m) Km tmsm li mn`rr`s li k`s ehlevelu`s ih ik pmâs lesbehuyi1 Ebpkefmrâm uhm lesbehufeöh li
ijiftev`
ijiftev` ih kms mgihfems qui si ihfmrgmh li jehmhfemr
jehmhfemr m k`s ehvirse`hest
ehvirse`hestms,
ms, ist` pr`v`fmrâm
pr`v`fmrâm
uhm lesbehufeöh ih km ehvirseöh, bmh` li `drm y utekezmfeöh li k`s j`hl`s.
 

d)  Kms pirs`hms

pirs`hms mubihtmh
mubihtmh sus mn`rr`s
mn`rr`s ih kms ms`femfe
ms`femfe`his
`his li mn`rr`
mn`rr` y pråstm
pråstmb`s
b`s y
les
lesbehu
behuyi
yih
h sus mn`r
mn`rr`
r`ss ih k`s dm
dmhf
hf`s
`s11 Km f`
f`b
bprm
prm vi
viht
htmm li k`s ehs
ehstrub
trubih
iht`
t`ss
gudirhmbihtmkis li f`rt` y kmrg` pkmz` mubihtmrâm.

f) Ik g`deirh` grmvm kms gmhmhfems li fmpetmk m km tmsm `rlehmrem li ebpuist`s s`dri km rihtm1
_r`v`fmrâm uhm lesbehufeöh li b`vebeiht`s ih isti birfml`, lidel` m qui lesbehuyih kms
gmhmhfems p`r ik pmg` lik ebpuist`, lesbehuyi km f`hselirmfeöh li uhm p`sedki ehvirseöh ih
 d`h`s m kmrg` pkmz`, p`r iaibpk`, d`h`s y mffe`his, si `dsirvmrâm uhm lejirihfem ih k`s
rihlebeiht`s li birfml`.

l) Vi rigestrm uhm ehjkmfeöh h` mhtefepmlm li bmghetul sustmhfemk y k`s hevikis li prife`s si
ikiv
ikivmh
mh f`h rm
rmpe
peli
liz1
z1 Fumh
Fumht`
t` bís
bís ikivm
ikivmlm
lm si
sirí
rí km ehjk
ehjkmf
mfeö
eöh
h is
ispi
pirm
rmlm,
lm, bih`r
bih`r si
sirí
rí ik
rihlebeiht` lik vmk`r, ist` ebpkefm qui k`s pristmbestms riqueirih uhm tmsm li ehtirås
h`behmk dmstmhti ikivmlm pmrm qui puilmh `dtihir km tmsm rimk li ehtirås, lispuås li sir 

f`bpihsml`s p`r km lesbehufeöh ispirmlm lik p`lir mlquesetev` lik lehir` lidel` m km
ehjkmfeöh.

 i)  Kms ehstetufe`his li mn`rr` y k`s pristmbestms mubihtmh k`s fmrg`s p`r trmhsmffeöh pmrm
kms fuihtms li mn`rr` y k`s pråstmb`s1 Ist` ebpkefmrâm uhm ehijefeihfem ih ehtirbilemre`s
jehmhfeir`s, rilufi km `jirtm pmrm pr`b`vir ik mn`rr` y km p`sedekelml li giste`hmr ` lmr 
 pråstmb`s m ehvirse`hestms pmrm ik lismrr`kk`.
lismrr`kk`.

4?-Fuík is km lestehfeöh ihtri ik birfml` li lehir` y ik birfml` li fmpetmkis. Istí

lestehfeöh °Is rimk ` mrtejefemk0

T// Km prehfepmk lejirihfem ihtri ist`s l`s tep`s li birfml`, is qui ik birfml` li fmpetmkis
si usm pmrm ehvirse`his m bile` kmrg` y f`rt` pkmz` (supire`r m => bisis) beihtrms qui ik
birfml` b`hitmre` is pmrm ehvirse`his m f`rt` pkmz` bíxeb` li uh mý`.

4=- Föb` mjiftmh k`s f`st`s li kms trmhsmffe`his mk jkua` li k`s j`hl`s y km ijefeihfem li
k`s birfml`s0

T//  K`s birfml`s jehmhfeir`s istíh mjiftml`s p`r kms juirzms li `jirtm y libmhlm. K`s
birfml`s f`k`fmh m t`l`s k`s vihlil`ris ih ik besb` kugmr, nmfeihl` msâ bís jífek li
 

ihf`htrmr p`sedkis f`bprml`ris, pr`viih uh bifmhesb` pmrm km jeamfeöh li prife`s qui h`

 pr`veihi lik birfml` ih sâ, seh` li km ehtirmffeöh ihtri km `jirtm y km libmhlm, ihtri k`s qui
libmhlmh jkua`s li j`hl`s y k`s qui h` privimh.

44- fuíkis s`h kms juihtis prehfepmkis li jehmhfembeiht` ixtirh` li kms ibprisms0

T// =. Kms ibese`his li fmpetmk

  4. Kms ibese`his li liul`r 

  6- K`s frålet`s m f`rt` bilemh` y kmrg` pkmz` m trmvås lik birfml` friletefe`.
 

Fmpetuk` H¿6

=. °]uå is ehtirås sebpki0

T// is ik ehtirås qui si pmgm (si gmhm) sök` s`dri km fmhtelml `regehmk, ` prehfepmk, s`kefetmlm
ih pråstmb` (pristmlm). Km fmhtelml li lehir` li ehtirås sebpki is uhm juhfeöh li tris
vmremdkis1 km fmhtelml `regehmk s`kefetmlm ih pråstmb` (pristmlm) ` prehfepmk, km tmsm li
ehtirås p`r pire`l` y ik hñbir` li pire`l`s p`r k`s qui ik prehfepmk si peli ih pråstmb` (si
 pristm).

4. °]uå is ehtirås f`bpuist`0 °_`r quå is ebp`rtmhti0

T// Is ik ehtirås pmgml` (gmhml`) s`dri uh pråstmb` (ehvirseöh) si subm pireölefmbihti mk
 prehfepmk. F`b` risuktml`, si gmhm ehtirås s`dri ik ehtirås mk egumk qui s`dri ik fmpetmk
ehefemk.

Is ebp`rtmhti km lejirihfem ihtri ik ehtirås sebpki y ik f`bpuist`. F`b` si virí, ik

f`hfipt` li ehtirås f`bpuist` si puili usmr pmrm ris`kvir uhm mbpkem gmbm li pr`dkibms
li jehmhzms.

<. °]uå is uhm mhumkelml0

°Zmki bís ` bih`s uhm mhumkelml qui uh pmg` ih uhm s`km subm rifedel` mn`rm, qui
juirm egumk m km subm li t`l`s k`s pmg`s mhumkis jutur`s0

T// Yhm sirei li pmg`s ` rifipfe`his egumkis qui `furrih ih uh hñbir` ispifâjef` li

 pire`l`s.

Km mhumkelml vmki bih`s ym qui km ñktebm fmhtelml rifedelm h` grmdm ehtirås.

9. °]uå tep` li fmpetmkezmfeöh prijirerâm ih su fuihtm li mn`rr`s0 °_`r quå0

T// Km fmpetmkezmfeöh
fmpetmkezmfeöh f`htehum, p`rqui lm f`b` ik vmk`r jutur`
jutur` bíxeb`
bíxeb` p`sedki
p`sedki y f`b` is
uhm fuihtm li mn`rr` ispir` qui be vmk`r jutur` sim ik bmy`r.
 

:. F`bpmri k`s fíkfuk`s lik vmk`r jutur` (tirbehmk) f`h k`s fíkfuk`s lik vmk`r prisihti.
°Fuík is km lejirihfem0

T// K`
K`ss fí
fíkf
kfuk
uk`s
`s príf
prífte
tefm
fmbih
bihti
ti s`
s`h
h k`
k`ss be
besb
sb`s
`s s`
s`k`
k` qui ik vmk`
vmk`rr jutu
jutur`
r` fm
fmbd
bdem
em li
hubirml`r m lih`behml`r pmrm fmkfukmr ik vmk`r prisihti

>. Ve teihi uh pr`grmbm pmrm rifeder feirtm subm li lehir` lihtr` li fehf` mý`s, pir`
lisim vihlir su f`htrmt` ih su vmk`r prisihti, °quå tep` li fmpetmkezmfeöh prijirerâm
usmr ih k`s fíkfuk`s0 °_`r quå0

T// Fmpetmkezmfeöh sibistrmk ym qui, se si fmpetmkezm bih`s vifis ih uh mý`, ik vmk`r 

 prisihti is bmy`r.

5. Km ‛rigkm lik 74‒ sugeiri qui uhm fmhtelml si lupkefmrí ih =4 mý`s mk :% li ehtirås
fmpetmkezml` fmlm mý` ` si lupkefmrí ih : mý`s m uhm tmsm mhumk lik =4 p`r feiht`. °Is

åstm uhm rigkm ñtek, y is ixmftm0

T// Li nifn`, pmrm fmse t`lms kms tmsms li ehtirås qui ihf`htrmb`s, km ‛rigkm lik 74‒ lm uhm
 duihm mpr`xebmfeöh li km tmsm li ehtirås “` lik hñbir` li mý`s“ riquirelm pmrm lupkefmr 
ik lehir`. _ir` km rispuistm h` is ixmftm.

=?. °Ik vmk`r prisihti lesbehuyi m uhm tmsm kehimk, m uhm tmsm frifeihti ` m uhm tmsm
lifrifeihti auht` f`h km tmsm li lisfuiht`0 °_`r quå0

T// Lesbehuyi m uhm tmsm lifrifeihti ym qui istmb`s trmyihl` lehir` lik jutur`. Is uhm
rigriseöh pmrm smdir fuíht` lehir` tihg` qui ehvirter pmrm kkigmr m uhm bitm li vmk`r jutur`

==. °Ik vmk`r prisihti lesbehuyi m uhm tmsm kehimk, m uhm tmsm frifeihti ` m uhm tmsm
lifrifeihti
lifrifeihti f`h km lurmfe
lurmfeöh
öh lik teibp` ih ik jutur` ih qui lidih rifeders
rifedersii k`s pmg`s0
°_`r quå0

T// M uhm tmzm lifrifeihti, p`rqui beihtrms bís pmsm ik teibp` ik lehir` peirli su vmk`r.

=4. Vvih Vb`rgmsd`rl teihi 69 mý`s y ih km mftumkelml ixpirebihtm uhm ‛duihm velm‒.
F`b` risuktml`, mhtefepm qui mubihtmrí li pis` m uhm tmsm lik 6% p`r mý`. Mn`rm
pism 4?? kedrms. °Fuíht` pismrí m k`s :? mý`s0

(= + e) h 2
ZJ1 _` (= +
 

ZJ1 4?? (= +?.6):?2

2 ==7>.64 Kedrms

M k`s :? mý`s ik pismrm =,=7>.64 kedrms