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    437174639-DYNAMICS

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    4 views22 pages

    Dynamics

    Uploaded by

    marcosbispolima

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 22
    12-5. A bus starts from rest with a constant acceleration of 1 m/s”. Determine the time required for it to attain a speed of 25 m/s and the distance traveled, SOLUTION Kinematics: Uy = 0, v = 25 m/s, 59 = 0, and a, = 1 m/s?. (4) vam bag 25=0+(0t t=25s Ans. (3) P = of + 2als ~ 5) 25? = 0 + 2(1)(s - 0) s=3125m Ans, 12-45. A train starts from rest at station A and accelerates at 0.5m/s* for 60 s. Afterwards it travels with a constant velocity for 15 min. It then decelerates at 1 m/s? until it is brought to rest at station B. Determine the distance between the stations. SOLUTION Kinematics: For stage (1) motion, x) = 0, s) = 0,t = 60s, and a, = 0.5 m/s?. Thus, (4) 55+ vot + had? > 2 3 OF 04 So. 5)(602) = 900 m (4) vam tat v, = 0 + 0.5(60) = 30 m/s For stage (2) motion, w) = 30 m/s, sy = 900 m,a, = O and t = 15(60) = 900s. Thus, (4) s=syteuttas 2 S) = 900 + 30(900) + 0 = 27900m For stage (3) motion, % = 30 m/s, v = 0, 8) = 27900 mand a, = —1 m/s? ‘Thus, (4) vay tat 0= 30+ (1) 308 + soytu the 83 = 27900 + 30(30) + 4-30 28 350 m 28.4 km Ans. -16. A partilo travels along straight line such that in 2s it ‘moves from an inital postion s4 = +05 m to a position sg 15m. Then in another 4s it moves om sy se = 125 m. Determine the particle’ average velocity and average speed during the 6 time interval SOLUTION AS = (= 54) = 2m sro OS 415 415425) = 6m 12-27. A particle is moving along a straight line such that when it is at the origin it has a velocity of 4m/s. If it begins to decelerate at the rate of a = (—1.5v!) m/s, where v is in m/s, determine the distance it travels before it stops. SOLUTION (et - 2) =-15 (2 = 0.7519 m/s a rt rt | ds= l (2 - 0.750)? dt = [ (4 — 31 + 0.5625?) dr Jo to I» = at — 15? + 0.18757 From Eq. (1). the particle will stop when = (2 — 0.758)? 1 = 2.6678 sl-2667 = 4(2.667) — 1.5(2.667)? + 0.1875(2.667)' = 3.56 m a) @) Ans. 12.33. Att = 0 bullet A is fired vertically with an initial (muzzle) velocity of 450 m/s When t = 3s, bullet B is fired upward with a muzzle velocity of 600 m/s, Determine the time f, after A is fired, as to when bullet B passes bullet A. At what altitude does this occur? SOLUTION +hsa= (adv + (ant + dae? 84= 044500 + $9812 + tse = (sp)o + (wp)ot + Fae Sp = 0 + 600(t — 3) + 5-98 -3) Require s4 = 53 450t — 4.005 7 = 6001 — 1800 — 4.005 P + 20.431 — 44.145 t 10.38 Ans, A= 84 = Sg = 4.11 km Ans, 12-73. The position of a __ particle defined by = {Scos 2ri + 4 sin 2r j} m, where tis in seconds and the arguments for the sine and cosine are given in radians. Determine the magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration of the particle when t = 1s, Also, prove that the path of the particle is elliptical. SOLUTION Velocity: The velocity expressed in Cartesian vector form can be obtained by applying Eq. 12-7. 48 = {10 sin 281 + 8 cos 244} m/s a When f = 1s, » = —10sin 2(1)i + 8 cos 2(1)j = {-9.093i — 3.329j} m/s. Thus, the magnitude of the velocity is v= Vax + up = VEH9.093" + (=3.329" = 9.68 m/s Ans. Acceleration: The acceleration expressed in Cartesian vector from can be obtained by applying Eq. 12-9. av i ‘in 214) m/e? a = & — (-20 cos 284 — 16 sin 243) m/s When t = 1s, = —20 cos 2(1)i — 16 sin 2(1)j magnitude of the acceleration is, = Vat + a = 83237 + (“14.5497 = 16.8 m/s? Ans. Traveling Path: Here, x = 5 cos 2t and y = 4sin 21. Then, m/s*. Thus, the (8.3231 — 14.549j] = = cose o sin? 2¢ @ Adding Eqs (1) and (2) yields Hipse) (Q.E.D.) 1276, The velocity of a particle is given by v= {16ri + 4rj + (St + 2)k} m/s, where f isin seconds, If the particle is at the origin when t = 0, determine the magnitude of the particie’s acceleration when t = 2. Also, what is the x, x: z coordinate position of the particle at this instant? SOLUTION Acceleration: The acceleration expressed in Cartesian vector form can be obtained by applying Eq. 12-9. a= = (n+ 127) + 54 mys! at ‘When t = 2s,a = 32(2)i + 12(2°)j + 5k = {641 + 48) + Sk} m/s?. The magnitude of the acceleration is Va tat = VOR + ae + F = 80.2 m/s? Ans, Position: The position expressed in Cartesian vector form can be obtained by applying Eq. 12-7. a dr=ovdt [ “ae [ “(1a + 46) + Ge + 29K) ae 16 4 Sa [sets (S22) When t = 2s, 8 (i+ (24 + ke) + 20k = [42.71 + 160) + 140K) m. ‘Thus, the coordinate of the particle is (42.7, 16.0, 14.0) m Ans. SOLUTION ‘Time from B10 C3 — 1 = 2 a MA COL 2) 1164 oy ans “9, The gel always theows the toys at an angle of 30° from point A as showa.Determine the time between throws so fat both toys strike the edges of the pool # and Cat the same instant. With what speed must she throw each toy? SOLUTION “Tostrike B: (A) =a + ot 25=0 + vgcoste tie CDs = 9+ 0 + Sac 025 = 1 + aysiva0"e— Lasne 2 Solving 1 = 0.66575 (eae = 432 m/s Tosirke © (4) sy ot 4 4 mgcoe 0° 1 (brew enetded 025-1 + egivaore ane Solving (ode = 585 as 0.7008 ‘Time between throws: A0-= 0.7905 ~ 0.66578 ~ 01218 t 5 he ome = a Aw Ans Determine the maximum height on the wall to whieh the Tretighcr can project water from the hose, IE the speed of te water ar he nezie i ne = a ys SOLUTION en (Ayesnrae 0 = 0+ Alone 0 = ans Ose meme tat k (—aa2yorian? + asin 8° (07H) + raw, “The hull a A i kicked such that Oy strikes the ground at B having coordinates x= 15th, y= Dt Aetermine the speed at which itis kicked aad ihe speed at Strikes the ground. SOLUTION (Byse y+ ar 1 + wy cos30" 6 (tys= mr mer dae wed = 0+ eqsin sore +b a= 1658/6 p= 1087s () (ons = 165460830" = 14.32 Ys Deny tae (ep), = 16868 30° + (-322\1.067) 2545 8 tg VRRP + BSF ~ 2020/8 12-115. Determine the maximum constant speed a race car can have if the acceleration of the car cannot exceed 7.5 m/s* while rounding a track having a radius of curvature of 200 m. SOLUTION Acceleration: Since the speed of the race car is constant, its tangential component of acceleration is zero, ie., a, = 0. Thus, a-a,-% .-o 2 s= 7 200 v= 38.7 m/s Ans “12-116. A car moves along a ciscular track of radius 250 ft such that its speed for a short period of time, 0=¢= 4s, is » = 3(t +P) ft/s, where ¢ is in seconds. Determine the magnitude of its acceleration when t = 3s. How far has it traveled in ¢ = 3s? SOLUTION v= 300+ P) av i i Whent = 3s, a, = 3 + 6(3) = 21 ft/s® 3+ 3)P 2 Ss ty s VIF = GiBy = 21.6 ft/s? Ans. as = 3A 48 2 0 As = 40.5 tt Ans. 12-137. A particle travels around a circular path having a radius of SO m. If it is initially traveling with a speed of 10 m/s and its speed then increases at a rate of # — (0.05 v) m/s, determine the magnitude of the particle’s acceleraton four seconds later. SOLUTION Velocity: Using the initial condition v = 10 m/s att = 0s, di a=2 a t ” dv a= [ v t= 20in— "10 v = (10e/) m/s Whent = 4s, 10c4?° = 12.214 m/s » Acceleration: When » = 12.214 m/s (t = 4s), 4, = 0.05(12.214) = 0.6107 m/s? _ 2 _ (2214) | Onn 7 984 m/s? ‘Thus, the magnitude of the particle's acceleration is Var + a7 = V0.6107? + 2.984 = 3.05 m/s? Ans. a Seats “The Fer wheel ens such that thespeed ofthe passengers is Increased by # = (48) A/S, where fis msecondls He wheel start Hom test when 9 ~ 0", determine the magnitudes of the velocity and acceleration of the passengers when the wheel turns # = 30" SOLUTION [om [a0 a =m Hy) =28 pe Wheas=Zao)e, Zan) =38 += asses p= 281554)? = 1991 FYs ~ I99HYs Ans 262 ys? 9-H lps 99 ny a> Vag a2 Vinee + 97 ~ is01ye Ans. tial speed vy = Smjs at an ‘angle 4 = 40° withthe horizontal Find the equation ofthe pth, y= f(x), and then determine the normal. and tangential components ofits acceleration when f = 0125, SOLUTION Horizontal Motion: The horizontal component of velocity is (t), = 6:128msand the inital horizontal and final positions are (sa), = 0 and s, = x, respectively, () 5 (Si), + (ual = 0+ 6128 a Vertical Motion: The vertical component of intial velocity is (nq), = $148 m/s, The initial and final vertical positions are (3) respectively, (+1) 1 y= (sa)y + (eadyt + 5 ay y=O+ S143 + 3-98 (e) Q) Eliminate t fom Eqs (1) and (2).ve have = (0.8901 = 0.1306 m = f0838x ~ 013122] m Ams. Acceleration: When t = 0.25, rom Eq, (I), = 0+ 6128(0.25) = 1.532, Here, dy dy 5 = pga01 — 02612x. At x = 1.532m, 2 = 99391 ~ 02612(1.532) = 0.4389 a a ‘andthe tangent ofthe path makes an angle @ = tan" 04389 = 23.70° with the ais. “The magnitude of the acceleration isa = 9,81 ay/s andi directed dowaward. From the figure, q = 23.70% Therefore, = ~asine = 981 sin 28.0" 3.04 m/s Ans 4, = a00s a = 981 c08 23.70" = 898 m/s? Ans, 1168, ‘The car travels along the circular curve of radius» = 400 ft with a constant speed of w = 30 fs. Determine the angular rate of rotation 9 of the radial line rand the magnitude of the ears acceleration SOLUTION r=m0n F=0 FO ene 0 y= ri~40(0) «= Veo? + (ami) = 30 4G ~ an7s rags o-0 4, — F = FBP = 0 — snnoo7sy = ~2251y% 4 ~ r+ 270 ~ 400(0) + 2(0)0.075) ~ 0 0 = VERBS SOF = 22518 am. ‘The slotted link i pinned at O, and as a result of the constant angular velocity = 3rad/sit drives the peg P for ‘short distance along the spiral guide r = (0.40) m, where @ is in radians, Determine the radial and transverse ‘components of the velocity and acceleration of P at the instant # = 7/3 rad SOLUTION = 3.aqjs r= 040 si 040) 0.400) er h=120m/s y= ri) 0418913) ~ 1.26 m/s a, ~ ¥ — P= 0 — OA189(3)? = — 3.77 mys? ay = r+ 28 = 0 + 201.2096) = 720m" As Ans Ans, Ans, Ans. Ans, wan. ‘When @~ 15°, the car has a speed of SOm/s which is Increasing a f'n/@. Determine the angilar Yet ofthe cnet king te ea hiss P= C0052) m, \ SOLUTION Tine Dervaine: = 1m eos20 = (200 (xn 20) 4) = ~m0f in 20) + 200 20, is. ote = 10060830 = ¥660m 200 sin 30°3 = —1008 m/s ofsin 30-8 + Deon rd] — (-1008 ~ sues) mf? Hee awe Velocity: Referring to ig.a.0, — —S0cos and ny — SO'sin 4 Tr, 6 S0.cos 6 = —1008 Oy gpesoms V6 nod S0sin gs = R608 2 Solving Eqs (1) and (2) yields @ 6 = 40.897 6 = 0378rag/s Ans rast “The slotted arm AB drives pin C through the spiral groove deserbed by the equation r= (150) ft, where @ is in radians, Ifthe arm saris from. rest when 0 = 60° and is driven at an angular velevty of 8 = (4) rad’, where cis in sevondh detemmine the radial and transverse components of veloity and acceleration of the pin C when ¢ = 1, SOLUTION Time Derivatives: Hore, = 41 gad 9 = 4 radi, ra150 150= 15) = 6 F= LSU = 15H = 6H Vetoct init spte, a= [stn 0 gs Lig ron r= {5162 + on Ae tet red feat + x] asm, += 6) ~ 6antys and 8 = 4(1) = 4 ras. Applying Eq. 12-25, we have Ans Ans. Acceleration: Applying Bq. 12-28, we have 4) ri = 6 —45n(#) = 071 ty? Ans fy = 18 +20 = ASA) + 26)(4) = 63.5)0 Ans. ass. Ifthe Motted arm AB rotates counterstockwise with 2 ‘constant angular velocity of @ = 2rad/s, determine the mmagnitades of the velocity and acceleration of peg P at 30". The peg is constrained to move in the slots ofthe SOLUTION Time Derivatives: sect (secant ys o> 2rauys scn(tanoy + disec (ect + tnd sectan 66) focotand)) + Docc + tanh sect] Hs? ‘when # = 30, Phew = Hocay ~ (4 S028 ta3)(2) ~ 5335 /s * e030" = 4198, fo + 2°(sec!30° + tan?30” 50030") 30.79 4/2 Veto wah 5333s uy = 1B = 46192) = 0238645 “Thus. the magnitude ofthe pops vlosty'is w= Vole of = VERS OL = 1078/8 As Acceleration « P= 30.79 — 4.619(2") to = WB 2 = 0 + 218 339)2) = 21.25 ws? ‘Thus, the magnitude of the peg’s acceleration is Vat ad ~ VIDS FTE ~ 246 ts? Ans 1232 ys wast. If the circular plate rotates clockwise with constant angular velocity 0 = 15 rad/s. determine the magnitudes ‘of the velocity and acceleration of the fllower rod AB sehen 8 = 2/2 tnd. 100+ 500") a SOLUTION Time Derivaties: 10 + 500) mam = 256-70 m/s afer leone [o+<(22)"]- Asam 22)" 4a) stem yas Velocity: The radial component pies the rMs velocity ]--229 om 25.9 mm/s Ams, Acceterarion: The rata component gives the rds acteleraton. a =F =f? = 9209 ~ 9.41.81) = ~185 mays? Ane ys, the end ofthe cable at i pulled dowa with a speed of 2 mys, determine the spe at which block B rises SOLUTION Position Coordinate Equation: Datuon established at fixed pulley D. The position of point A block 2 and pulley C with respect to datum are 5, 5nd Se respectively. Since’ the system consists of two cords, two postion edordinate ‘equations can be derived. (4 ~ 50) + Ge~ 80) +58 = bh a spt scm h e Eliminating s¢ from Egg. (1) aad 2) yskes Sat Aig = hh = 2s Bolin Time Derivative: Taking the time derivative ofthe above equation yields s) ty @ & 8 Since v4 = 2m/s.from Eq.) +h wb 2+ 4v—- 0 Up = “OS mys = 05 m/s 1 Ans. 201 The crate being ited up the inlined plane using the motor M and the rope and pulley arrangement shown, Determine the speed at which the cable must be taken up by the motor in onder tomtove the crate up the plane with a constant speed of 41s SOLUTION Position- Coordinate Equation: Datum is established a fixed pulley 8. The postion ‘of point P and crate A with respect to datum are xp aad s, respectively. Da + (4-9) =F Bua sp ‘Time Derivative: Taking the time desvative ofthe above equation yields 304 = 0 a Since v4 = 4, fom Ba, [1] w) 314) — op = 0 vp = 12 KYs Am. 12-208, le Block Cis block & I block A is moving downward at 6 1/s moving down at 18 f/¢,determine the spec SOLUTION Sat 2s 5 ty + Dep + ee = 0 6+ 2m 418=0 bp = -12fs = 12At/s 1 zn. ‘The eplinder C is being lilled using the eable and pulley system shown. IFpoint 4 on the cable stbeing drawn toward the drum wit a speed of 2 mys, determine the speed of th cylinder SOLUTION se eB + (Ge—h Me ~2h~ 54 Beem ua 0667 m/s = 0567 m5 1 Ans, ie ms. ‘At the instant shown, cars A and B are traveling at speeds ‘of 55 mi/h and 40 mi/h, respectively. IB is increasing is speed by 1200 mii, while A maintains a constant speed, ‘determine the velocity and acceleration of B with respect to. Car & movesalonga curve having a radius of curvature of 05 mi SOLUTION up = 40 c0s 305 + 40sin 30°) = [34.641 + 20) mijn v4 = [-55i] mi M6 + 20) ~ (55) tye = VIDSE +B = 285 mia (203364 + 2) mij ee 2 ~ (6200.05 60" ~ 1200/c08:30°W + (200sin 0” + 1200 sin 30°) (seb.7%4 + 3371.25) if? a=o ana = ap a4 = (860.771 + 3371.28)) — 0 = [560.771 + 3971.28) mh? y= V QOL + GBTLAAE ~ 318 mh tan 2 87128 mere Ans. Ans. Ans. Ans. ms, ‘An aircraft casier is traveling forward with a yeloity of SOkm/h. At the instant shown, the plane at A has just taken of and has attained a forward horizontal airspeed of 2o0 kan/, measured from sil water TF the plane at B is ‘raveling along the runvay ofthe eater at 175 km/h in the direction show, determine the velocity of A with respect to. SOLUTION ve + we SH + 17Sc0s 15% + 175 in 154 1904 + 45203), 19.04 + 45.293) + (ey (eya),i inet hong, 200 = 210.04 + (eyes 0 = 45293 + (apy (eas (vay0)y oye = VEO + BBE 6 ('829)

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