PPMP Directional Plan Empowers Filipino Families

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The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 0

CONTENTS
Foreword 3
Message 4
I. Introduction 6
II. Key Population Management Issues and Challenges 8
A. Population Size and Growth 8

B. Population Spatial Distribution 9
C. Other Population Groups 16
D. High Fertility Level 17
E. Increasing Adolescent Fertility 20
F. Filipinos Increasing Mobility 22
G. Population as a Significant Factor in Development 23
III. Population Management Objectives 31
A. Philippine Population Management Program (PPMP) 31

Goal and Objectives 31
B. Desired Demographic Scenario 32
IV. Key Population Management Strategies 34
A. Population and Development (POPDEV) Integration 35

B. Responsible Parenthood and Family Planning (RPFP) 36
C. Adolescent Health and Development (AHD) 38
D. Integration of Gender and Development (GAD) Dimensions in 39
PPMP Strategies
V. Inter-agency Collaborative Mechanisms for PPMP 40
VI. References 47

FOREWORD
The country’s current demographic structure and dynamics remain as critical factors of
national development. The changing age structure of Filipinos which reflects an increasing
proportion of working age population offers prospects for demographic dividend. But, at
the same time, the still high fertility level improved among the poor, increasing births
among adolescents, and accelerated pace of internal migration to urban areas, among
others, are important population issues that may undermine efforts towards national
development if left unchecked.
Within this context, then Philippine Population Management Program Directional Plan
(PPMP DP) for 2017-2022 outlines the key strategies that need to be implemented to
facilitate population processes and outcomes that can significantly contribute to the
attainment of socio-economic development goals as set in the Philippine Development Plan
(PDP) for 2017-2022.. Towards this, the PPMP aims to empower Filipino individuals,
families and communities by enabling them to achieve their fertility intentions, prevent
adolescent pregnancy, and consciously take into consideration population factors in
sustainable development initiatives. The Program is operationalized through its key sub-
programs, namely, Responsible Parenthood and Family Planning (RPFP), Adolescent
Health and Development (AHD) and Population and Development (POPDEV)Integration.
This Directional Plan provides a collaborative framework and medium-term blueprint for
the various implementing partners of the population management program including the
relevant national government agencies, local government units, civil society organizations,
development partners, and the private sector. It serves as a reference for integrated and
well-coordinated implementation of key strategies that harness the potential from the
increasing human resource and address population issues that constrain sustainable
development. It is thus hoped that all key players in the implementation of the PPMP are
effectively guided by this Plan towards the realization of “Matatag, Maginhawa, at
Planadong Pamilyang Pilipino.”.

MESSAGE
The Duterte Administration’s 0-10 point socio-economic agenda

boasts of inclusive development directed towards achieving the
Filipinos’ aspiration of “Matatag, Maginhawa, at Panatag na Buhay
para sa Lahat” (strongly-rooted, comfortable, and secure life for
all). Simply put, our country and its people need to be free from
burgeoning poverty to experience the life that they want to live.
Alleviating the lot of the poor will always be intrinsic to

development. Part and parcel to achieve this is the strengthening
of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health (RPRH)
Law implementation to help poor couples make informed choice
on family planning. Moreover, from a global standpoint, the 2030
Agenda for Sustainable Development aims to end poverty and fight inequality through the 17
Sustainable Development Goals – one of which is the attainment of universal access to sexual and
reproductive health care services and rights for all.
With an aligned vision, the current administration integrated population management strategies
into the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) for 2017-2022. This integration is a recognition that
population factors have significant impacts on human and economic development, as well vice-
versa.
It is noteworthy that Chapter 13 of the PDP is also the Commission on Population’s (POPCOM) basis
for the Philippine Population Management Program (PPMP) Directional Plan, unanimously
approved by the POPCOM Board of Commissioners. The PPMP DP provides a more specific and
detailed blueprint that will serve as a compass for POPCOM and its implementing partners in
population management. It holds the goals not only for Responsible Parenthood and Family
Planning (RPFP), but also for Adolescent Health and Development (AHD) and Population and
Development (POPDEV) integration. Through the shared vision stated in the PPMP DP 2017-2022
and aspirations of POPCOM for our country’s population in the next five years, we will be on track
to achieving well-planned and empowered families and communities. More importantly, this will
help us reduce poverty and pave the way for the next generations to benefit from a “Matatag,
Maginhawa, at Panatag na Buhay para sa Lahat.”

MESSAGE
The administration of President Rodrigo Duterte has recognized

the relevance of population interventions in his platform of
national development. As such, he pronounced strong political will
to fully implement the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive
Health (RPRH) Law as a component of the national socio-economic
agenda during his first State of the Nation Address (SONA). In
relation to this, he issued Executive Order No. 12 to urgently attain
zero unmet need for modern family planning as one of the legacies
of the Philippine Health Agenda.
With the said mandates from the new Administration, the Commission on Population (POPCOM)
and its implementing partners anchored the five-year Philippine Population Management Program
(PPMP) Directional Plan for 2017-2022 on the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) which aims to
realize AmBisyon Natin 2040 (Matatag, Maginhawa, at Panatag na Buhay para sa Lahat). To
contribute to the realization of this vision, the PPMP aims to build and nurture “Matatag,
Maginhawa, at Planadong Pamilyang Pilipino.”
With this PPMP Directional Plan serving as a collaborative framework among the key partners
implementing the population management program, we hope to increase stakeholders’ engagement
and collective actions among our partners in empowering Filipino families. This, as we help them
achieve their fertility goals within the context of responsible parenthood; in significantly reducing
incidence of pregnancies among adolescents; and in enabling institutions to integrate population
dynamics towards sustainable development initiatives. We hope to increase the reach and impact
of the population programs not only among its partners but more importantly to every Filipino –
leaving nobody behind.
With an enabling political environment, we urge our partners to integrate the population agenda
set in this important Directional Plan in their respective sectoral development initiatives. As one
cohesive government institution, we move together towards healthy, empowered, and well-planned
Filipino families and communities.
Juan Antonio A. Perez III, MD, MPH

Executive Director
Commission on Population

I. INTRODUCTION
The path to development through the socio-economic agenda laid out by President
Duterte’s Administration is geared towards the attainment of “Ambisyon Natin 2040,” which
embodies the Filipinos’ aspiration of “Matatag, Maginhawa, at Panatag na Buhay para sa Lahat.”
This socio-economic agenda is the blueprint for national development through the Philippine
Development Plan (PDP) for 2017-2022. This is anchored on the three pillars of “Malasakit” or
enhancing the social fabric, “Pagbabago” or reducing inequality, and “Kaunlaran” or increasing
potential growth.
For Malasakit, the social fabric will be enhanced by regaining people’s trust. For Pagbabago,
inequality will be reduced to make ordinary Filipinos feel change by expanding economic
opportunities, reducing vulnerability of the poor, and accelerating human capital development.
For Patuloy na Pag-unlad, potential growth will be increased by promoting technology adoption,
encouraging innovation, and maximizing the gains from the demographic dividend.
Within this development thrust, the role of population management is specifically

recognized and considered as a critical factor in facilitating the achievement of the above-
mentioned national development goals. Chapter 10 (Accelerating Human Capital Development) and
Chapter 13 (Reaching for the Demographic Dividend) of the PDP specifically emphasized the need
to intensify the implementation of the Philippine Population Management Program (PPMP) as an
integral strategy for national development. As such, this PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 aims
to contribute to the achievement of the national aspirations and strategies.
The Philippine Population Management Agenda. Anchored towards the direction of the
national development, the Philippine Population Management Program (PPMP) within the Duterte
Administration is aimed at building and nurturing “Matatag, Maginhawa, at Planadong
Pamilyang Pilipino.” It empowers every Filipino individual, family, and community to achieve
their aspirations. The PPMP enables families to have their desired number and spacing of children
within the demands of responsible parenthood and principles of informed choice. If every Filipino
family becomes well-planned, they will have greater opportunity and capacity to invest for the well-
being and development of each family member. Each Filipino will then become a more empowered
human resource.
Realizing empowered and well-planned families entails strategic interventions that can
effectively address the prevailing population issues in the country. The 101 Million Filipinos
continues to increase due to high unintended pregnancies among women resulting to high fertility
level. This high fertility especially among poor women is mainly due to the low level of access to
family planning and other reproductive health information and services. High unmet need for
modern family planning prevails especially among women in poor socio-economic conditions. As
poor women continue to have high fertility due to unintended pregnancies, inter-generational
poverty will likely remain.

Pregnancy among adolescents is rising. More than its demographic implications, early
pregnancy among adolescents poses life-long implications that may undermine their capacity to
achieve their well-being and aspirations. Without such capacity, adolescents may not be able to
participate in the improvement of the country’s standard of living.
Moreover, the high number of Filipinos and their concentration in urban areas has
significantly engendered serious socio-economic inequality across regions. In fact, more than one-
third of Filipinos reside in CALABARZON, Metro Manila, and Central Luzon regions. About two-
thirds of the gross regional domestic product is shared by these three regions leaving one-third to
the rest of the regions in the country. With the concentration of population in urban areas, the
issues prevailing in inefficiently managed urban areas will more likely result to disempowering
urban poor families and communities.
Within the backdrop of these prevailing population issues, the PPMP will be pursued to
empower Filipino families and communities. This is envisioned as a critical factor in attaining
Ambisyon Natin 2040 and the key thrusts of the Philippine Health Agenda (PHA), particularly the
achievement of zero unmet need for modern family planning.
The achievement of the PPMP goals and objectives will likewise be pursued within the
implementation of the Philippine Development Plan for 2017-2022 particularly under the expected
results found in Chapter 10 (Accelerating Human Capital Development) and Chapter 13 (Reaching
for the Demographic Dividend). It will likewise be anchored on the objectives of the International
Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action as integrated in the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
This PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 will serve as the collaborative framework for all
concerned national and local government agencies and the civil society organizations (CSOs). The
Plan will also serve as the basic reference of the country relative to its international commitments
such as the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) as well as the
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It constitutes critical action areas and key strategies within
the major programs of Population and Development (POPDEV Integration), Adolescent Health and
Development (AHD), and Responsible Parenthood and Family Planning (RPFP).

II. KEY POPULATION MANAGEMENT ISSUES & CHALLENGES
Population issues remain as critical factors in development in the Philippines. As Filipinos
reached the 100 Million mark in terms of population, demographic factors are crucial in the
attainment of national development goals. These goals range from poverty reduction, universal
health care, employment generation, social and human development, and other key sectoral
development objectives. These population management issues and challenges serve as the
background for key PPMP strategies.
A. Population Size and Growth
About 101 Million Filipinos are currently residing in the country, as recorded by the 2015
Population Census. The latest Population is higher by 8.64 Million compared with the Population of
92.34 Million in 2010, and by 24.47 Million compared with the population of 76.51 Million in 2000
(PSA, 2016). This exhibits that the pace of growth is slowing down, from 1.9% annual growth rate
in 2000-2010 period to 1.7% in 2010-2015. In fact, there are about two (2) Million Filipinos added
to the population every year. If the rate of growth is maintained, about eight (8) Million Filipinos
will be added by year 2020.
Figure 1. Trends in Population Size and Population Growth Rate, Philippines

1948-2015
120 2.9 3.0 3.5

2.7 101
100 92.3 3
2.3
76.5 2.5
80
60.7 1.9 2
60 48.1 2.3 1.7
36.7 1.5
40 27.1 1
19.2
20 0.5
0 0
1948 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015
Population size (in million) Average annual growth rate (in percent)
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015 Census of Population

B. Population Spatial Distribution
Filipinos are unequally distributed across regions. Based on the 2015 Population Census,
about one-third of Filipinos or a total of 38.5 Million (out of 101 Million) reside in highly urbanized
regions of CALABARZON, Central Luzon, and Metro Manila (Table 1). The Cordillera Administrative
Region (CAR) has the lowest number of Filipinos with only 1.7 Million.
Table 1. Trends in Population Size by Region: Philippines

2010 and 2015
Region 2010 2015

NCR 11,855,975 12,877,253
CAR 1,616,867 1,722,006
Ilocos Region (I) 4,748,372 5,026,128
Cagayan Valley (II) 3,229,163 3,451,410
Central Luzon (III) 10,137,737 11,218,177
CALABARZON (IVA) 12,609,803 14,414,774
MIMAROPA (IVB) 2,744,671 2,963,360
Bicol Region (V) 5,420,411 5,796,989
Western Visayas (VI) 7,102,438 4,477,247
Central Visayas (VII) 6,800,180 6,041,903
Negros Island Region 4,414,131
Eastern Visayas (VIII) 4,101,322 4,440,150
Zamboanga Peninsula 3,407,353 3,629,783
Northern Mindanao (X) 4,297,323 4,689,302
Davao Region (XI) 4,468,563 4,893,318
SOCCSKSARGEN (XII) 4,109,571 4,545,276
ARMM 3,256,140 3,781,387
CARAGA (XIII) 2,429,224 2,596,709
The pronounced disparity in regional population distribution is indicative of the heightened

issue of urbanization. In 2010, about 45 percent or 41.9 Million Filipinos were living in urban
barangays (Table 2). Four (4) regions – Central Luzon, CALABARZON, Davao Region and
SOCCSKSARGEN had a level of urbanization higher than the level of urbanization for the whole
country. The National Capital Region (NCR) has been 100% urbanized since 1995.

Table 2. Urban Population and level of urbanization by Region
2007 and 2010
Urban Population Level of

Region Urbanization
2007 2010 2007 2010
PHILIPPINES 37,579,591 41,855,571 42.4 45.3
NCR 11,566,325 11,855,975 100.0 100.0

CAR 298,138 424,771 19.6 26.3
Region I-Ilocos Region 520,071 600,945 11.4 12.7
Region II-Cagayan Valley 268,478 373,407 8.8 11.6
Region III-Central Luzon 4,685,251 5,232,569 48.3 51.6
Region IV-A-CALABARZON 6,404,376 7,526,882 54.5 59.7
Region IV-B-MIMAROPA 465,040 612,615 18.2 22.3
Region V-Bicol Region 647,814 831,380 12.7 15.3
Region VI-Western Visayas 2,205,530 2,466,109 32.2 34.7
Region VII-Central Visayas 2,566,309 2,969,340 39.9 43.7
Region VIII-Eastern Visayas 222,692 358,405 5.7 8.7
Region IX-Zamboanga Peninsula 1,026,456 1,156,754 31.8 33.9
Region X-Northern Mindanao 1,512,087 2,649,039 38.3 41.3
Region XI-Davao Region 2,254,933 1,911,253 54.2 59.3
Region XII-SOCCSKSARGEN 1,645,509 1,911,258 43.0 46.5
ARMM 731,183 446,246 17.7 13.7
Caraga 569,399 666,849 24.8 27.5

Figure 2. Level of urbanization by region
2007 and 2010
120
100
Level of Urbanization
80
60
40
20
0
ARM Cara
PHIL NCR CAR I II III IV-A IV-B V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
M ga
2007 42.4 100 19.6 11.4 8.8 48.3 54.5 18.2 12.7 32.2 39.9 5.7 31.8 38.3 54.2 43 17.7 24.8
2010 45.3 100 26.3 12.7 11.6 51.6 59.7 22.3 15.3 34.7 43.7 8.7 33.9 41.3 59.3 46.5 13.7 27.5
Age-Sex Composition
The country’s population remains relatively young. Based on the 2010 Population Census,
about 33.4 percent or 30.7 Million of Filipinos were below 15 years of age; 62.3 percent were
between 15 to 64 years old (consisting of the working or productive ages); and 4.3 percent were
aged 65 and over. A young population means a continuing increase in population due to the large
cohorts of young women who will soon enter the childbearing years and contribute to the fertility
level in the country. This also implies a large number of young dependents. The 2010 population
estimate indicates about 54 young (14 years and below) and seven (7) old (65 years and above)
dependents for every 100 working-age (15-64 years old) persons. Since not all in the working ages
are engaged in productive labor, dependency ratio would be much higher than the age dependency
ratio.
Figure 3 and Table 3 depict a narrowing population base (0-14 age group) since 1970. The
young age group exhibited a downward trend up to 2010 while the 15-64 and 65 and over age
groups exhibited an increasing trend up to 2010 (Albert, 2012). However, the change in age
structure is slow primarily due to prevailing high fertility among women in the country. The
narrowing population base resulted to increasing proportion of the working age population. This
provides a window for demographic dividend.

Figure 3. Population Distribution by Age Group and Sex: Philippines
2000 and 2010
Table 3: Percentage distribution of Philippine Population by broad age group in percent

Census Years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2007 and 2010
Age group 1970 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007 2010
0-14 45.7 44.0 42.0 39.6 38.3 37.0 35.5 33.4
15-64 51.4 53.2 54.6 57.0 58.2 59.2 60.4 62.3
65-over 2.9 2.9 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.8 4.1 4.3
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Understanding Changes in the Philippine Population as cited in
Albert, 2012
A young population implies a continuing increase in population due to the large cohorts of
young women who will soon enter the childbearing years and contribute to the fertility level (also
known as population momentum) (POPCOM, 2013). This also means that young people continue to
be an important segment of the population as they comprise about one fifth of the total population
for the last 50 years. The Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) and

University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study
in the Philippines - Key Findings (2014) showed that the share of the youth population to the total
population remained more or less 20 percent for the period 1960 to 2010 (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Percent share of youth Population

1960-2010
100
19.5 19.7 20.5 20.5 19.7 19.6

Source: Reprinted from the 2013 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study in the Philippines – Key
Per cent
10 Findings by DRDF and UPPI
1
1960 1970 1980 1900 2000 2010
Youth Population
Sources: Demographic Research and Development Foundation and University of the Philippines Population
Institute, Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study in the Philippines, 2013
Figure 5. Philippine Population

1960-2010
100 92.1
90
80 76.3
70 60.6
In millions
60
49.1
50
36.7
40
27.3
30
15 18
20 9.8 12.4
5.3 7.2
10
0
1960 1970 1980 1900 2000 2010
Total Popuation 15-24 age group
Sources: Philippine Statistics Authority, Philippine Census of Population, various censuses

In terms of numbers, Figure 5 revealed that the youth cohort had consistently grown in
keeping with the overall growth of the total Philippine population. Moreover, the youth aged 15-24
comprise 18,045,895 of the total population based on the 2010 Census of Population and Housing
(CPH). Fifty-four (54%) percent or 9,676,094 belong to the younger cohort (15-19 years old) while
46% percent or 8,369,801 belong to the older cohort (20-24 years old) (DRDF and UPPI, 2013).
Moreover, the size of the youth population is projected to increase further until the year
2040, based on the population projection by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). The
population would have reached 22.2 Million then (DRDF and UPPI, 2014). Thus, their sheer
magnitude would still have an impact in terms of resources and services provided for them in the
succeeding years.
Increasing older population is likewise a noticeable trend in population age structure.

Filipinos aged 60 years and over made up 6.8 percent of the 92.1 Million household population in
2010. This is higher than the 6.0 percent recorded in 2000 (Figures 6 and 7). In terms of sex
characteristic, females (55.8 percent) outnumbered the males (44.2 percent). For geographical
distribution, eight (8) regions have a proportion of senior citizens higher than the national figure:
Region I (9.0 percent), Region VI (8.7 percent), Region VIII (8.2 percent), Region VII (7.8 percent),
Region II (7.3 percent), Region III (7.0 percent), and Caraga and CAR (6.9 percent each). ARMM,
with 2.9 percent, has the lowest proportion of senior citizens (PSA, 2012).
Figure 6. Population pyramid of young and elderly population
Source: University of the Philippines Population Institute, Changing Health Status of Filipino Older People as
cited in Cruz, 2015

Figure 7. Percentage of age groups to total population
4.3 4.6 5.3 5.3 5.4 6.0 6.8
50 49.7 52.7 55.1 56.2 57.0 59.9 60 and over

15 -59
0 -14
45.7 45.7 42 39.6 38.3 37.0 33.4
1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2010
Source: University of the Philippines Population Institute, Future Ageing in the Philippines Demographic Trends,
Human Capital and Health Status as cited in Ogena, 2014
The ageing index or the proportion of persons age 60 years and over per 100 persons and
under the age of 15 years has also been projected by PSA, at 20.3 percent in 2010. Thus, there is one
person aged 60 years and over for every five children under 15 years old. The ageing index in 2000
was computed at 16.1 (PSA, 2012).
Moreover, based on the population projection made by the PSA together with an inter-
agency group, the graying of the country’s population is expected to continue until 2045 (Table 4).
The population aged 60 years and over is projected to account for about a tenth of the total
population in 2025 and about one-sixth in 2045. Those aged 65 years and over are estimated to
increase to 6.5 percent in 2025 and 11.4 percent in 2045 (PSA, 2014).
Table 4. Percentage of projected Population for selected age groups

by five-calendar year intervals, Philippines
2010-2045
Age 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

60 and over 6.7 7.5 8.6 9.9 11.4 12.8 14.3 15.9
65 and over 4.3 4.8 5.5 6.5 7.6 8.9 10.1 11.4
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2014

C. Other Population Groups
1. Indigenous Peoples (IPs)
The most recent figures estimate that the Indigenous population would be between 12-15
Million (based on an unofficial survey conducted by the National Commission on Indigenous
Peoples (NCIP). However, it is presumed that the actual population may be higher.
Indigenous Peoples (IPs) roughly constitute 10-15 percent of the total population of the
Philippines. The IPs are present in 65 of the country’s 78 provinces. The United Nations
Development Program (UNDP, 2013) estimates that IPs who belonged to 110 ethno-linguistic
groups in the country is at 14-17 Million. They are mainly concentrated in Northern Luzon
(Cordillera Administrative Region) (33%) and Mindanao (61%), with some groups in the Visayas
area.
The lack of data on the number and distribution of IPs in the Philippines continues to be a
challenge for policy and program development. Although an ethnicity variable was included in the
2010 Census, official data has yet to be released by the national government. Preliminary data
presented by the PSA showed an IP population of eight (8) Million while the NCIP estimated this
segment of population at around 14 Million.
2. Persons with Disabilities (PWDs)
About 16 per thousand of the country’s population is affected with disability (PSA, 2010). Of
the 92.1 Million household population, 1,443 thousand persons or 1.57 percent had disability,
based on the 2010 Census of Population and Housing. The recorded figure of persons with
disability in the 2000 CPH was 935,551 persons, which was 1.23 percent of the household
population.
Among the 17 regions, Region IV-A had the highest number of PWD at 193,000. This was
followed by the National Capital Region (NCR) with 167,000. The Cordillera Administrative Region
(CAR), on the other hand, had the lowest number at 26,000. Ten regions had a proportion of PWD
higher than the national figure. These were Region VI (1.95 percent), Region IV-B and Region V
(both 1.85 percent each), Region VIII (1.75 percent), Region II (1.72 percent), Region I (1.64
percent), CAR (1.63 percent), Region XI and Region VII (both 1.60 percent each), and CARAGA (1.58
percent) (PSA, 2010).
In terms of sex characteristic, males accounted for 50.9 percent while females comprised
49.1 percent. These figures resulted in a sex ratio of 104 males with disability for every 100 females
with disability. Likewise, the largest excess in the number of males was in the age group 0 to 14
years with a sex ratio of 121 males per 100 females. On the other hand, there were more females
with disability than males in the age group 65 years and over. This is due to the higher survival rate

of women than men. In this age group, there were 70 males with disability per 100 females (PSA,
2010).
In terms of age characteristic, for every five PWD, one (18.9 percent) was aged 0 to 14
years, three (59.0 percent) were in the working age group (aged 15 to 64 years), and one (22.1
percent) was aged 65 years and over. Persons with disability were more likely to be in the ages 5 to
19 years and 45 to 64 years. By five-year age group, among the household population with
disability, children aged 10 to 14 years comprised the largest age group (7.2 percent). This was
followed by those in the age groups 15 to 19 years (6.9 percent), 5 to 9 years (6.7 percent), and 50
to 54 years (6.6 percent) (PSA, 2010).
D. High Fertility Level
Based on 2013 National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) of the Philippine Statistics
Authority (PSA), the total fertility rate (TFR) was at three (3) children (see Figure 3). This means
that a Filipino woman is expected to have three (3) children within her reproductive or
childbearing years (i.e. 15-49 years). Figure 8 below likewise indicates that the level of total
fertility rate in the country is at a downward trend, from six (6) children in 1973 to three (3)
children in 2013.
Figure 8. Trends in Total Fertility Rates: Philippines
7
6
6
5.2 5.1
5 4.4
4.1
4 3.7 3.5 3.3
3
3
2
1
0
1973 1978 1983 1986 1993 1998 2003 2008 2013
NDS RPFS NDS NDS NDS NDHS NDHS NDHS NDHS
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Various National Demographic Survey and National Demographic and
Health Survey
Given the decreasing trend of TFR in the country, the PSA projected that the TFR will fall to
2.19 children as early as 2030-2035. This level is at replacement fertility of 2.1 children, which is
the level of fertility required to ensure that the population replaces itself in size in succeeding
generations.

Table 5. Projected Total Fertility Rates (TFR) by Five-Calendar Year Intervals
Philippines: 2010-2045 (Medium Fertility Assumption)
Period TFR
2010-2015 3.00
2015-2020 2.77
2020-2025 2.56
2025-2030 2.37
2030-2035 2.19
2035-2040 2.02
2040-2045 1.86
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, various years
Table 6. Total fertility rate by region

Philippines, 2013
Region TFR
NCR 2.3
CAR 2.8
Region 1 2.8
Region 2 3.2
Region 3 2.8
Region 4A 2.7
Region 4B 3.7
Region 5 4.1
Region 6 3.8
Region 7 3.2
Region 8 3.5
Region 9 3.5
Region 10 3.5
Region 11 2.9
Region 12 3.2
Region 13-Caraga 3.6
ARMM 4.2
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, National Demographic and Health Survey, 2013

Table 7. Total fertility rate by education and income level
Philippines, 2013
Total Fertility Total Wanted Fertility

Background Characteristics Rate Rate
(children)
Education
No education 3.8 3.0
Elementary 4.6 3.1
High school 3.3 2.3
College 2.1 1.7
Wealth Quintile
Lowest 5.2 3.3
Second 3.7 2.5
Middle 3.1 2.2
Fourth 2.4 1.9
Highest 1.7 1.4
Total 3.0 2.2
Table 8. Contraceptive Prevalence Rate and Unmet Need for Family Planning by Background
Characteristics: Philippines, 2013
Contraceptive
Prevalence Rate
Background Characteristics Unmet Need for FP
(modern
method)
Education
No education 16.1 23.5
Elementary 36.1 17.9
High school 40.1 17.8
College 35.9 16.4
Wealth Quintile
Lowest 33.0 21.3
Second 40.3 16.7
Middle 41.4 15.5
Fourth 39.1 16.1
Highest 34.0 17.9
Total 37.6 17.5

The country’s fertility level by region in Table 6 indicates that there are many regions that
have fertility level higher than the national level. These regions have considerably poorer socio-
economic conditions than those with lower fertility level.
By background characteristics, Table 7 shows that Filipino women have one (1) more child
than what was intended (three (3) children TFR versus two (2) children wanted fertility rate). Poor
and uneducated women continue to have the highest unintended births with two children
difference between actual (five (5) children) and desired (three (3) children).
The high fertility level especially among poor women is mainly because of the low level of
access to family planning commodities as evidenced by Table 8. Women belonging to lowest wealth
quintile have only 33% modern contraceptive prevalence rate and a high 21% unmet need for
family planning (i.e. those intending to limit or space their children but are not using any family
planning method). Only 16% of women without education are using modern family planning
methods. A high 24% have expressed unmet need for family planning
E. Increasing Adolescent Fertility
Another critical emerging population issue is the increasing births among adolescents. As
can be seen in Table 9, while births in the older age groups are decreasing, births among women
belonging to age group 15-19 years are increasing. Such trend is also supported by the 2013 Young
Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study (YAFS) which found that 13.6% of adolescents aged 15-19 have
begun childbearing – a significant increase from a 6.3% level in 2002.
Table 9. Trends in Age-Specific Fertility Rates: Philippines
Age 1998 NDHS 2003 NDHS 2008 NDHS 2013 NDHS

15-19 46 53 54 57
20-24 177 178 163 148
25-29 210 191 172 147
30-34 155 142 136 127
35-39 111 95 84 84
40-44 40 43 38 37
45-49 7 5 6 7

Figure 9. Percentage of Females 15-19 who are Mothers, Pregnant with 1st Child, and Have
Begun Childbearing: Philippines, 2013
Source: Demographic Research and Development Foundation and University of the Philippines Population
Institute, Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study, 2013
Figure 10. Percentage of Adolescents 15-19 who have Engaged in Pre-Marital Sex: Philippines,
2013
35.5
31.2
32
26.1
23.2 28.7
17.8
16
10.2
Source: Demographic Research and Development Foundation and University of the Philippines Population
Institute, Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study, 2013
The increasing teenage pregnancy can be correlated to increasing percentage of adolescents

engaging in premarital sex as indicated in Figure 10. The disparity of premarital sex engagement
between boys and girls has narrowed down through time as also indicated by the same Figure.

F. Filipinos Increasing Mobility
Internal Migration. The concentration of Population increase in mega regions of Metro

Manila, Region IV, and Central Luzon indicates the increasing mobility of Filipinos particularly to
urban areas. The lack of direct data to estimate migration rates, however, has become a perennial
constraint in addressing the impact of internal migration.
International Migration. International migration has become a major phenomenon in the

Philippines over the years. Such phenomenon has increasingly demonstrated its economic impact
through remittances but it has its social costs as well.
The estimated number of Filipino workers reported by the Commission on Filipinos

Overseas (as of December 2013) was 10,238,614. The workers were divided as follows: permanent
(4,869,766 or 48 percent of the total), temporary (4,207,018 or 41 percent of the total) and
irregular 1,161,830 (11per cent of the total) (Table 10). The table also showed that from 2000 to
2013, the number of Filipinos going abroad had a general increasing trend except for some years
with slight decline.
Table 10. Stock Estimates of Overseas Filipinos (world total)

2000-2013
Year Permanent Temporary Irregular Total

2013 4,869,766 4,207,018 1,161,830 10,238,614
2012 4,925,797 4,221,041 1,342,790 10,489,628
2011 4,867,645 4,513,171 1,074,972 10,455,788
2010 4,423,680 4,324,388 704,916 9,452,984
2009 4,056,940 3,864,068 658,370 8,579,395
2008 3,907,842 3,626,271 653,614 8,187,727
2007 3,693,015 3,413,079 648,169 7,754,263
2006 3,568,388 3,093,921 621,713 7,284,022
2005 3,407,967 2,943,151 626,389 6,977,507
2004 3,204,326 2,899,620 1,039,191 7,143,137
2003 2,865,412 3,385,001 1,512,765 7,763,178
2002 2,807,356 3,167,978 1,607,170 7,582,504
2001 2,736,528 3,049,622 1,625,936 7,412,086
2000 2,551,549 2,991,125 1,840,448 7,383,122
Source: Commission on Filipinos Overseas, Stock Estimates of Overseas Filipinos, various years
In terms of gender differences, Surveys on Overseas Filipinos by the Philippine Statistical

Authority reveal an increasing number of female OFWs for the last two (2) years. Table 11 showed

that for the years 2014-2015, there were more female OFWs than the males. This scenario of female
migrants has some economic, political, and social implications to their families and the country. If
the trend continues in the coming years, these implications such as families they leave behind in the
Philippines, the remittances they contribute to their families and the country, and the laws and
practices of their destination country (especially countries that still treat women as second class
citizens) should be seriously considered to protect the women.
Table 11. Distribution of Overseas Filipino Workers, in Thousands, By Sex

2011-2015
Year Both Sexes Male Female

Number In Percent Number In Percent Number In Percent
2015 2,447 100 1,197 48.91 1,250 51.08

2014 2,320 100 1,149 49.5 1,170 50.5
2013 2,285 100 1,148 50.24 1,137 49.8
2012 2,220 100 1,148 51.71 1,072 48.29
2011 2,158 100 1,126 52.18 1,032 47.82
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Distribution of OFWs, 2011-2015
G. Population as a Significant Factor in Development
Population is crucial in development as it has a close interrelationship with development

processes and outcomes. There is extensive empirical evidence that highlights the serious impact of
high population growth, high level of fertility, and other population factors on the capacity of
individuals, families, the communities and societies in general to fulfill their development needs
and aspirations (POPCOM, 2012).
Economic Development. It has been noted in the development literature and widely
accepted by analysts as early as the 1960s through the 1980s that rapid population growth was
more likely to impede than promote economic development (e.g., Coale and Hoover 1958; World
Bank 1984; Pernia 1987, 2015; Mapa and Balisacan 2004). Such dynamic operates through reduced
child care and human capital investment at the family level, lower private and public savings for
business and government investments, and constraints on allocative efficiency, innovation, and
entrepreneurship.
Gross domestic product (GDP) grew year-on-year by 7.1 percent in the third quarter of
2016, as reported by PSA (2016). This is higher than the growth rates of 7.0 percent in the second
quarter of 2016 and 6.2 percent in the third quarter of 2015 (Figure 11). With the country’s
projected population reaching 103.5 Million in the third quarter of 2016, per capita GDP grew by
5.3 percent. This is higher than 4.4 percent in 2015.

Figure 11. Gross Domestic Product, Year-on-Year Growth Rates
2014-2016
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT

Growth Rates
7.2
7
6.8
6.6
6.4
6.2
6
5.8
5.6
Q3 2014-2015 Q2 2015-2016 Q3 2015-2016
Quarter
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2016
For the period 2010-2014, the growth rate of GDP and the growth rate of per capita GDP
exhibited an erratic growth (Asian Development Bank (ADB), 2015). This is also ADB’s forecast for
2015-2016 (Table 12).
Table 12. Growth rate of GDP and the growth rate of per capita GDP (in percent), Philippines,
2010-2016
Growth rate of
Growth rate of per capital GDP (in
Year GDP (in
percent)
percent)
2010 7.6 5.8
2011 3.7 1.2
2012 6.8 5.7
2013 7.2 5.4
2014 6.1 6.1
2015 6.4 1.7
2016 6.3 4.5
Source: Asian Development Bank, 2015

Employment and Underemployment. The fast-growing population has likewise slowed
down initiatives to reduce unemployment and raising productivity. Table 13 indicates that for the
period 2011 to 2015, the labor force participation rate, employment, and unemployment rates for
both sexes had minimal increases. Labor force participation rate range from 64-65 percent,
employment rate range from 93-94 percent, and unemployment rate range from 6-7 percent. While
the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) grew 5.2 percent on average annually (2003-2012), job
growth was only 2.4 percent (2006-2012). This implies an employment elasticity of 0.46 – well
below parity (Pernia and Pernia, 2015).
Table 13. Labor force participation rate, employment, and unemployment rate
(in percent), 2011-2015
Labor Force Participation

Employment Rate Unemployment Rate
Rate
Year Both Male Female Both Male Female Both Male Female
Sexes Sexes Sexes
2011 64.6 79.0 50.4 93.0 92.7 93.4 7.0 7.3 6.6
2012 64.2 78.5 50.0 93.0 92.8 93.3 7.0 7.2 6.7
2013 63.9 78.1 49.9 92.9 92.7 93.2 7.1 7.3 6.8
2014 64.6 78.6 50.7 93.4 93.1 93.9 6.6 6.9 6.1
2015 63.7 77.3 50.1 93.7 93.4 94,2 6.3 6.6 5.8
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Gender Statistics on Labor and Employment, 2016
Moreover, the contribution of salary and wage workers to employment growth has been
declining since 2010 (Pernia and Pernia, 2015). In 2012-2013, self-employed (without any paid
employees) and unpaid family workers contributed negatively to job growth (as shown in Figure
12). Self-employed and unpaid family workers are both regarded as unsteady or “vulnerable"
employment by International Labor Organization (ILO) terminology.
Research states that, “a larger labor force may not be good for unemployment, which is
already around 7%, among the highest in Asia. It is estimated that between 2013 and 2016, around
1.15 Million Filipinos will have entered the workforce a year, but only a fourth of them will find
stable jobs, according to the World Bank. As much as 75% of workers are employed in the informal
sector, which means they have no protection from job losses - a figure that’s likely to increase as the
population surges (Kuo, 2014)”

Figure 12. Contribution to Employment Growth by Class of Workers
(Philippines, 2007-2013)
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, as cited in Pernia and Pernia, 2015
Poverty Situation. The impact of population as indicated by family size has long been
established by existing data and literature. Based on the analysis of the Family Income and
Expenditure Survey (FIES) data from 1985 to 2009, the larger the number of children, the higher
the likelihood of a family falling into poverty (Pernia and Orbeta 2010).

Figure 13. Poverty Incidence Distribution by Family Size
2009
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, as cited in Pernia and Pernia, 2015
Enrolment in Elementary and Secondary Education. Table 14 shows that the

Department of Education (DepEd) fell short of its 2016 PDP target on enrollment rates both in
elementary and secondary level. Against its target of 99 percent elementary and 71 percent
secondary participation rates in 2016, elementary enrollment rate only reached 92.5 percent while
62.8 percent for secondary in school year 2016. Improvement in educational status of Filipinos are
greatly inter-related with the fact that high fertility remains positively associated with education.
Table 14. Net Enrolment Rates (in percent)

2010-2015
PDP
PDP Critical SY 2010- 2011- 2012- 2013- 2014- Target
Indicator 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 for
2016
Net enrolment
95.9 97.1 95.1 93.8 92.5 99.0
rate (elementary)
Net enrolment
64.7 64.3 64.2 64.9 62.8 71.0
rate (secondary)
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, various years

Food Security and Climate Change. Population affects food security and climate change
as demonstrated by research. This is evident “as population grows, demand for food increases. As a
result, agricultural production would be intensified to meet the growing food requirements.
However, intensive use of fertilizer, pesticides, and other chemicals to augment agricultural
production degrades land and water. Relatedly, increased population results in a significant growth
in consumers and levels of their consumption (IDS Knowledge Services 2009 as cited in Bagarinao,
2015).
On the other hand, rapid growth of population might result in food insecurity especially
among poor families in urban areas (Dimmick 2014 as cited in Bagarinao, 2015). Moreover, poor
families usually buy their food from the common market at competitive prices while they earn
meager income (Tacoli, Bukhari, and Fisher 2013 as cited in Bagarinao, 2015).
Food security situation was generally favorable over the years except for the slight
downturn in the early 90’s. Availability of major food items from 1995 to 2010 contributed
positively to this upward direction. From 2011 to 2013, food security was also affected positively
by other factors. These include the share of poverty alleviation budget and share of agriculture
budget to total budget and food utilization in terms of dietary energy supply (DES).
While the 2013 food security situation greatly improved compared to the 1990 level, there
was a slight decline relative to 2012. The declining pattern of availability of major food items in the
next three years (especially rice stocks) may likewise threaten food security condition in the years
to come (Figure 14).
The Philippine Development Plan for 2017-2022 (Chapter 8) stated that growth in
population will continue to pose pressure on the use of natural resources to respond to increases in
the demand for agricultural products. The increasing demand for housing, likewise, has already
entailed huge conversion of existing agricultural lands to settlement lands. Competing use of these
resources, land and water in particular, suggests the need to strike a balance in development
objectives such as addressing housing needs, agro-industrialization and food security objectives,
among others.

Figure 14. Situation of Food Security and its Determinants
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Food Security Index (FSI), Dimensions of Food Security, Internal and
External Factors-Situation, 2014
Figure 15. Outlook of Food Security and its Determinants
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, Food Security Index (FSI), Dimensions of Food Security, Internal and
External Factors-Outlook of Food Security and its Determinants, 2014

Aside from the impact of population with food security, climate change also has implications
on food security and population. Climate change is a threat to the four pillars of food security, which
are availability, access, utilization, and stability (Oxfam, 2013 as cited by the Foundation for the
Philippine Environment). As such, research implies that there will be a 20% increase in underfed
and undernourished population all over the world. This is thus expected by the middle of this
century.
Crop production and distribution systems, livelihood and economics, and health-rooted
concerns are all subject to worsen in light of the current and imminent pressures applied by the
climate situation. All major crops are also speculated to be negatively affected by climate change.
Adaptation strategies are urgently called for, such as continuing investments in agriculture
research to further develop heat-tolerant maize, rice, and sugarcane varieties for the country
(Schubert, 2015).

III. POPULATION MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
A. Philippine Population Management Program (PPMP)Goal and Objectives
The PPMP will be pursued to address the key population issues in the country. This is aimed
to achieve its overall goal of “Matatag, Maginhawa, at Planadong Pamilyang Pilipino.” Towards
this goal, the program aims to achieve the following specific objectives and targets by 2022:
1. To enable couples and individuals to have their desired number, timing, and spacing
of children within the demands of responsible parenthood and informed choice;
1.1. To attain and sustain zero unmet need for modern family planning;
1.2. To increase modern contraceptive use at 65% level;
1.3. To achieve the same level of actual and desired fertility especially among
socio-economically poor women (eliminate unintended pregnancies);
2. To enable adolescents to prevent early and repeat pregnancies;
2.1. Reduce by half the proportion of adolescents aged 15-19 who have begun
childbearing;
2.2. Reduce by half the number of pregnancies among adolescents aged 10-14;
2.3. Reduce by half the proportion of repeat pregnancies among adolescents who
have begun childbearing;
3. To enable national, sectoral, and local government agencies to effectively integrate

population variables and dynamics in developing people-centered development
interventions;
3.1. To enable local government units (LGUs) (provinces, cities, and

municipalities) in establishing and effectively using demographic and socio-
economic database for plan or program development; and
3.2. To enable all LGUs in developing and implementing interventions
consciously addressing population issues, as they relate to development
concerns in their locality;
3.3. To enable sectoral development agencies to use demographic data in
projecting population needs through their mandated programs.

B. Desired Demographic Scenario
Based on the targets indicated above, the table below summarizes the desired demographic
scenario the PPMP aims to achieve within the Duterte Administration. The PPMP’s objective, under
the low fertility assumption, is to reach 65% contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) for modern
methods. Pills will remain as the most preferred method with an increasing prevalence of sub-
dermal implants (9.1%), female sterilization (16.3%) and IUD (9.6%).
Table 15. The desired demographic scenario of the PPMP
2022
Indicators Baseline Data
(Low Fertility Assumption)
mCPR 38% (2013 NDHS) 65%

18% unmet need for FP
17% using traditional
Unmet Need for Modern FP 0 unmet need for modern FP
method
(2013 NDHS)
1. Pill 1. Pill
(19.1%) (19.5%)
2. Traditional 2. Female Sterilization
(17.5%) (16.3%)
3. Female Sterilization 3. IUD
(8.5%) (9.6%)
4. Injectable 4. Implant (PSI)
(3.7%) (9.1%)
5. IUD 5. Injectable
CPR by Method
(3.5%) (6.5%)
6. Male Condom 6. Modern NFP
(1.9%) (1.95%)
7. Modern NFP 7. Condom
(0.6%) (1.3%)
8. Male Sterilization 8. Male Sterilization
(0.1%) (0.65%)
9. Traditional
(0.0%)
Resulting Population Outcomes
3.0
TFR 2.1
(2013 NDHS)
PGR 1.90 1.04
( 2000-2010)
It is expected that Filipino women will be able to achieve their desired fertility level of 2.1
children by 2022. This will be possible if CPR is achieved and unmet need for modern FP is
eliminated. This is the replacement fertility level that has to be sustained through the years. With
declining fertility due to increase in contraceptive use, the population growth will grow slower to
1.04%. Such is a relatively ideal demographic scenario for balanced population and economic
development.

The achievement of the PPMP goal and objectives will likewise be pursued within the
implementation of the Philippine Development Plan for 2017-2022. This is stated under the
expected results of Chapter 10 (Accelerating Human Capital Development) and Chapter 13
(Reaching for the Demographic Dividend. It will likewise be anchored on the objectives of the
International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action as
integrated in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

IV. KEY POPULATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
To address the key population issues in the country and achieve the desired demographic
scenario and objectives, the PPMP will be pursued through the main program components of: (1)
Population and Development (POPDEV) Integration, (2) Responsible Parenthood and Family
Planning (RPFP), and (3) Adolescent Health and Development (AHD). The program will be guided
by the PPMP strategic framework below.
Figure 16. PPMP Strategic Framework

A. Population and Development (POPDEV) Integration
POPDEV integration strategies will be pursued towards realizing population outcomes that
are facilitative of sustainable socio-economic and human development. It aims to integrate
population dynamics and variables in development initiatives such as policy, plan, and program
formulation. The following priority strategies will be pursued with relevant implementing
partners:
1. Establish, analyze, and disseminate demographic and socio-economic data at the

national, regional, and local levels as input to development planning and policy
development;
2. Pursue strategic inter-agency and inter-sectoral initiatives to take advantage of the

opportunity of demographic dividend especially in highly urbanized areas;
3. Build awareness, appreciation, and skills of key decision-makers, planners, and the
public on considering population factors in development initiatives;
4. Integrate population variables and dynamics in sectoral development strategies

particularly in health and nutrition, education, employment, agriculture,
environment, climate change, food security, and other sectors in which population is
a critical factor;
5. Promote initiatives on Population, Health, Employment, and Environment (PHEE)

and other inter-sectoral and integrative strategies at the regional and local levels
that promote collaboration among key stakeholders in addressing population and
development issues;
6. Promote Population and Development Education (POPDEVED) in the school

curriculum;
7. Build leadership and management capacities particularly at the local level for
developing and implementing POPDEV-related initiatives;
8. Establish and integrate database on internal migration as critical input in

interlinked urban-rural development and provision of technical assistance to urban
and urbanizing areas in efficiently managing urbanization; and
9. Continuously improve the data and knowledge base on the inter-linkages of

population and development through research and studies.

A.1. Population Management-Related Interventions for Special Group of
Population
The POPDEV Integration component also includes the concerns of special group of
population such as older persons, persons with disabilities and indigenous people.
Interventions for these segments of population aim to ensure that their special needs are
consciously considered and responded to in inclusive development initiatives at all levels.
The following are the key population management-related interventions for these segments
of population:
1. Support the establishment/enhancement and utilization of demographic database

on older persons, persons with disabilities, and indigenous people through periodic
registration or enumeration/profiling system at the local level;
2. Conduct further research and analysis of the needs and other important information
about these special segments of population to inform relevant plan and policy
development initiatives;
3. Advocate to national and subnational agencies the integration of the needs of these
special groups of population in sectoral development programs; and
4. Improve access of these special groups of population to appropriate and responsive

reproductive health information and services including enhancement of facilities to
make it more responsive to their physical needs and circumstances.
B. Responsible Parenthood and Family Planning (RPFP)
RPFP priority strategies are geared towards assisting couples to achieve their desired
number and spacing of children within the demand of responsible parenthood through effective
family planning. It specifically aims to attain zero unmet need for modern family planning through
increase access to FP information and services. For this program component, the following priority
strategies will be pursued with relevant implementing partners:
1. Fully promote and implement the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health
(RPRH) Law particularly at the local level through increased appreciation and
accountability of local chief executives and program managers of the
implementation of the said Law;
2. Intensify demand generation activities especially among poor women and families
at the community level through the conduct of RPFP sessions and other
interpersonal communication strategies that are linked with FP service provision;

3. Strengthen the Pre-Marriage Counseling (PMC) Program at the local level to prepare
would-be-couples for responsible parenthood including family planning;
4. Conduct a nationwide communication campaign to promote responsible parenthood

and family planning for both modern artificial and natural family planning methods
using multimedia platforms;
5. Improve access to and delivery of FP services especially in public health facilities

through sustainable availability of contraceptive commodities and quality service
provision at the local level;
6. Promote contraceptive self-reliance among LGUs to fill-in the gaps on nationally

procured contraceptives and to ensure universal access to FP services in their
localities;
7. Continuously build the capacities of service providers for the delivery of quality FP
services;
8. Engage civil society organizations and the private sector in demand generation and
service delivery for modern family planning;
9. Promote movement for increased men’s involvement in responsible parenthood and

family planning through male-participated communication and advocacy initiatives;
10. Improve health facilities and service delivery mechanisms to enhance access of
persons with disabilities to FP information and services;
11. Establish and operationalize the integrated Service Delivery Network for maternal
health and family planning;
12. Improve service delivery mechanisms for modern FP through efficient and
accessible database on unmet need for modern FP (RPFP Online Reporting System);
13. Capacitate and mobilize local population structures to coordinate demand

generation strategies that are linked to service delivery;
14. Capacitate community volunteers for demand generation and referral services;
15. Ensure continuing improvement of public health facilities for efficient delivery of
quality FP information and services;
16. Institute the provision of RPFP information and services in the workplace both in
the public and private sectors; and

17. Establish efficient logistic management and distribution system for FP commodities.
C. Adolescent Health and Development (AHD)
AHD key strategies aim to significantly reduce adolescent pregnancies through responsible
sexuality and effective life skills among young people. For this program component, the following
priority strategies will be pursued with relevant implementing partners:
1. Advocate and support the implementation of comprehensive sexuality education

(CSE) standards in schools including alternative learning systems and modalities
and in communities to reach out to out-of-school adolescents with special needs
(e.g. Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) and Indigenous People (IPs) and at risk or
vulnerable groups (i.e. Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL), already living in or
living in disaster camps, conflict areas, etc.) through interactive Communication
methodologies (e.g. Youth-for-Youth Initiative (U4U), Sexually Healthy and
Personally Effective Adolescents (SHAPE) Module, etc.);
2. Advocate for mobilization of an effective information and service delivery network

(ISDN) or other inter-agency collaborative structures (e.g. local youth development
council, child protection councils, etc.) to ensure harmonized and well-collaborated
planning, coordination, funding, implementation, and monitoring of AHD-related
and outcome-based interventions across levels;
3. Establish and operationalize school-based or community-based teen centers;
4. Capacitate parents, teachers, youth leaders, and other significant adult groups to
effectively guide and partner with adolescents in dealing with their sexual and
reproductive health concerns;
5. Capacitate adolescents with leadership skills as peer educators to effectively and

properly guide their peers in making responsible and informed decisions in
relation to their sexuality and making appropriate referrals to responsible adults;
6. Optimize new information and communication technologies (e.g. e-learning

materials, interactive websites, etc.) to reach out to adolescents, particularly those
living in Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas (GIDA), conflict areas,
disaster camps, etc.);
7. Enable LGUs through the Sanggunian Kabataan (SK) to design and implement
adolescent-led programs and interventions for integrated adolescent health and
development through proactive participation in decision-making exercises;

8. Review regulatory measures to minimize unguided access of adolescents to
pornographic materials and come up with research and other action agenda to
minimize if not totally eliminate such;
9. Holistically address other socio-economic, non-behavioral, and institutional

determinants of teenage pregnancy;
9.1. Advocate for prioritization of outcome-based and responsive services

including the attitude of service providers to be more adolescent-friendly;
9.2. Capacitate non-health LGU and school personnel to educate and refer
adolescents appropriately for their health and psycho-social needs;
9.3. Advocate for enactment of local policies that discourage adolescents to

engage in non-sexual risky behaviors such as drinking intoxicating liquors
and drug abuse and other risky behaviors that are highly associated with
teen pregnancy and STI;
9.4. Refer out-of-school adolescents (OSA) to socio-economic development

agencies to divert their energies into more economically and creatively
productive endeavors not only to improve their socio-economic conditions
but for them to maximize their potentials for development;
10. Engage Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and the private sector in promoting
adolescent health and development including positive view on sexuality, and
improving access of adolescents to appropriate reproductive health services;
11. Advocate social protection interventions for teenage parents to enable them to
prevent repeat pregnancies and continue their education up to completion or
pursue economic activities within an enabling social support system.
D. Integration of Gender and Development (GAD) Dimensions in PPMP Strategies
The PPMP has long recognized the innate interconnection of gender issues with population
issues. As such, women empowerment and gender equality and equity has been integrated as a
cross-cutting principle and dimension in key population management strategies. As a strategy, the
gender-responsiveness of key POPDEV integration, RPFP, and AHD strategies will be ensured.

V. INTER-AGENCY COLLABORATIVE MECHANISMS FOR PPMP
The key population management agenda and strategies described above requires an inter-
agency and inter-sectoral collaboration. As such, an inter-agency collaborative mechanism needs to
be established and operationalized starting from the agency members of the POPCOM Board of
Commissioners (BOC) and expanding to other government and non-government agencies through
partnership agreements.
This inter-agency collaborative mechanism specifies the roles and collaborative areas
between and among the agency members of the POPCOM Board of Commissioners. It likewise
expresses the specific support and commitment of each agency in the implementation of the
population management agenda and strategies under the Duterte Administration.
A. THE COMMISSION ON POPULATION (POPCOM)
By virtue of PD 79, POPCOM serves as central policymaking, planning, coordinating, and monitoring
agency of the Philippine Population Management Program (PPMP). Specifically, it has the following
roles:
1. Population Policy and Plan Development

 Spearhead the setting of the Philippine Population management objectives and the
formulation of corresponding policies, programs, and operational plans in consultation
with the various program stakeholders.
 Assist national sectoral agencies and LGUs in integrating POPDEV and population
management concerns in their respective development policies, operational plans, and
programs, including standards development, guideline setting, and protocols.
 Support program and policy development at all levels through the provision of relevant
empirical data to ensure integration of population management concerns in the
situational analysis and in program and policy development.
 Monitor the status of the implementation of the key population management objectives
and strategies and the collaborative initiatives of partner agencies as specified in this
agreed document.
2. Advocacy and Communication

 Take the lead in the development and implementation of communication strategies
including advocacy, social mobilization, behavior change communication, and IEC
materials for the various program components (i.e., POPDEV, RPFP, and AHD) of the
PPMP.

 Support the implementation of the RPRH Law particularly its family planning
component as a demographic intervention through intensified demand generation
strategies at all levels.
 Support DepEd, CHED, and other agencies in the implementation and promotion of
Comprehensive Sexuality Education in school curriculum and in alternative learning
system.
 Collaborate with partner agencies, the academe, faith-based groups, media, scientific
community, and other groups in the promotion of the PPMP.
 Advocate policies and programs geared towards a favorable balance of population
distribution, economic activities, and the environment.
3. Capacity Building
 Spearhead, in collaboration with relevant agencies and civil society organizations, the
capacity building of various stakeholders and partners at all levels for the promotion
and implementation of key population management strategies.
 Mobilize and capacitate population offices and their workers at the city/municipal and
community level for the promotion of population management strategies in their
respective localities.
4. Data and Knowledge Management

 Take the lead in establishing, analyzing, and disseminating data and knowledge base on
population and development and for the population management program components
particularly at the national and regional level for program and policy development
initiatives.
 Provide population data to relevant agencies in projecting service requirements and in
planning development interventions.
 Assist local government units and sectoral agencies in establishing and using
demographic data in their planning and program development interventions.
B. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (DOH). To contribute to the realization of the population

management objectives, the DOH will:
 Ensure the health and well-being of every Filipinos to contribute in developing quality
human resource.
 Take the lead in accelerating the implementation of the RPRH Law in collaboration with the
local government units and partner agencies and perform its other mandated functions
under the said Law.

 Collaborate with POPCOM in their complementary roles and functions as specified in
POPCOM Board Resolution No. 1, series of 2016 for the implementation of the National
Family Planning Program as a health and Population management intervention. A copy of
the Implementing Order on the aforementioned Board Resolution is attached hereto, and
made an integral hereof, as ANNEX “A.1”.
C. NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (NEDA). To contribute to the realization

of the population management objectives, the NEDA will:
 Incorporate the population issues and population management goals, objectives, and
strategies in the Philippine Development Plan and in other economic development agenda.
 Integrate POPDEV dimensions in planning guidelines at the national and provincial levels.
 Integrate population management concerns in the implementation and monitoring of the
Sustainable Development Goals, and other Philippine commitments in international
conferences and agreements.
 Link and collaborate with POPCOM in national and sectoral development projects where
population factors are critical components.
 Include population management concerns in the Philippine Investment Program and other
bilateral and multilateral development assistance and support.
 Assist POPCOM in mobilizing resources for population management through prospective
Official Development Assistance and other international funding assistance for the
Philippines.
D. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (DEPED). To contribute to the realization of the Population

management objectives, the DepEd will:
 Provide quality education for all Filipinos to contribute to the formation of quality human
resource and towards the realization of demographic dividend.
 Promote and integrate comprehensive sexuality education in the school curriculum and
alternative system as mandated by the RPRH Law.
 Pursue, in collaboration with DOH, POPCOM, LGUs, CSOs, and other relevant partners, the
establishment and operationalization of Teen Centers or similar structures that ensures the
availability and access of adolescents to reproductive health information and services.
 Strengthen the Population Education (PopEd) Program in high school and other activities
that promote knowledge on RH and POPDEV.
 Promote skills and cognitive development among adolescents to enable them to address
ASRH issues.

 Ensure the development of fundamental values and life skills needed for adolescents to
promote and observe healthy and positive sexual and reproductive health attitudes and
behaviors.
 Provide opportunities for government agencies, and other stakeholders through
partnership to promote appropriate information on ASRH and other related topics through
symposia and other activities (e.g., Poster-making, Population Quiz, and others).
E. DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT (DSWD). To contribute to the

realization of the population management objectives, the DSWD will:
 Integrate the promotion and access to information and services on responsible parenthood,
reproductive health, and family planning in national poverty reduction programs and
strategies (i.e. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program)
 Integrate adolescent sexual and reproductive health concerns in social welfare programs for
adolescents and youth particularly those in disadvantaged and special circumstances;
 Integrate population issues, objectives, and strategies in social development plans and
programs at the national and local levels.
 Strengthen the database on poor households and share with relevant agencies for purposes
of targeting particularly for population management strategies (e.g. meeting the unmet
need for modern family planning of poor women).
 Continue to provide services and monitor interventions for the prevention and
management of violence against women including those related to reproductive health.
 Mobilize social welfare workers and officers at the local level to collaborate with health and
population workers in improving access of poor and underserved families to reproductive
health information and services.
F. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (DA) AND DEPARTMENT OF AGRARIAN REFORM (DAR). To

contribute to the realization of the population management objectives, the DA and DAR will:
 Continue to pursue agricultural productivity to improve the economic conditions of

agricultural human resource and their household to enable them to access necessary
reproductive health information and services.
 Partner with POPCOM or population and health offices at the local level in providing
responsible parenthood and reproductive health including family planning information and
services to agricultural workers and their families as part of agricultural and agrarian
reform programs particularly at the community level.
 Strengthen agricultural land tenure improvement projects to minimize migration and
encroachment to environmentally protected areas.

 Using reliable population data in projecting and achieving food security and other
agricultural programs at the national and local levels.
G. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG). To contribute to the

realization of the population management objectives, the DILG will:
 Monitor and mobilize local government units (LGUs) for the full implementation of the
RPRH Law based on their mandates under the said Law.
 Integrate demographic data and information in templates and guidelines for the
development of LGUs ecological profile and other database for planning.
 Ensure that all LGUs are providing population development and family planning services as
mandated by the Local Government Code.
 Ensure that all barangays have their demographic and household profiles and used in
barangay planning.
 Advocate with local executives and officers for the provision of resources of population
management initiatives at the local level.
 Monitor proper and effective utilization of the 5% GAD fund at the local level, which should
include program on reproductive health, especially among the poor women.
 Enjoin LGUs to strengthen their local population offices by issuing enabling guidelines on
the expected roles, functions, responsibilities and programs of local population offices and
structures in collaboration with POPCOM.
H. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND EMPLOYMENT (DOLE). To contribute to the realization of the

population management objectives, the DOLE will:
 Monitor and mobilize LGUs for the full implementation of the RPRH Law based on their
mandates under the said Law.
 Monitor the compliance of companies with 200 employees or more, which are required to
provide clinical services including family planning services under Section 134 of the Labor
Code.
 Promote the inclusion of family planning services in collective bargaining agreements and
other benefits of employees.
 Enforce relevant provisions of the Magna Carta of Women (e.g., maternity leave), and the
RPRH Law especially those related to reproductive health.
 Provide technical assistance in collaboration with POPCOM and DOH to companies for the
provision of RH/FP services and implementation of other RH-related programs in company
and industry-based clinic and health facilities.

 Integration of population management concerns in skills development and employment
programs to improve the quality of the human resource as well as advance human resource
utilization.
 Advance its employment programs to address the socioeconomic (e.g., lack of income)
conditions of poor women and couples to enable them to fully exercise their reproductive
rights and to optimize the demographic dividend.
I. DEPARTMENT OF TRADE AND INDUSTRY (DTI). To contribute to the realization of the

population management objectives, the DTI will:
 Support the PPMP through its programs, primarily in relation to the promotion of
entrepreneurship and livelihood programs of women and families to improve their
economic conditions, thus improving their capacity to access RH and family planning
services.
J. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND HIGHWAYS (DPWH). To contribute to the realization of

the population management objectives, the DPWH will:
 Integrate population factors (e.g., population demand and its impact on social development,
people’s mobility and migration, human settlement, and population density) in the design
and planning of infrastructure development at the national as well as local levels.
 Integrate population dimensions in the assessment of the impact of infrastructure facilities
to people and communities.
 Support the construction of infrastructure facilities that can help the couples surmount
infrastructure barriers to reproductive rights like lack of road network in remote areas,
inadequate health facilities, and other infrastructure issues.
 Provide, in collaboration with POPCOM, responsible parenthood and family planning
information among its laborers or construction workers.
K. PHILIPPINE COMMISSION ON WOMEN (PCW). To contribute to the realization of the population
management objectives, the PCW, in close collaboration with POPCOM, will ensure the
integration of gender dimensions in the design, planning, implementation, and monitoring of
population management strategies.
L. NATIONAL YOUTH COMMISSION (NYC) AND COMMISSION ON THE WELFARE OF CHILDREN (CWC).
Through their mandates, the NYC and CWC shall implement strategies, including those related
to the prevention of teenage pregnancies that empower children, adolescents and youth
towards their sustained welfare and development.
M. UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES POPULATION INSTITUTE (UPPI). To contribute to the

realization of the population management objectives, the UPPI will:

 Provide technical inputs in the establishment and strengthening of knowledge and database
for population programming and policy development.
 Provide technical assistance in the identification of research agenda and in the design and
conduct of researches on relevant population, RH and FP issues to support related program
and policy development.
 Design operations research and evaluation studies for population management programs.
 Build, in collaboration with POPCOM, the capacities and competencies of the technical staff
of POPCOM and local population offices at all levels for the population management
program at the national, regional and local levels, and also among NGOs on demographic
concepts, measures, analysis, and application.
 Promote public consciousness and interest in demographic issues and concerns.
 Provide empirical data for advocacy and public discourses on population and related issues.
N. THE CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS (CSOS). To contribute to the realization of the population
management objectives, the CSOs will:
 Collaborate and partner with the LGUs, POPCOM, DOH, and other relevant government
agencies in the implementation of the RPRH Law particularly through demand generation
and service delivery for modern family planning.
 Engage in partnership with the LGUs, POPCOM, DepEd, DOH, and other relevant
government agencies in promoting comprehensive reproductive health education among
adolescents particularly at the community level.
 Support other strategies of the population management in the country especially at the
community level.
O. DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS. To contribute to the realization of the population management

objectives, the development partners shall provide technical and financial assistance to the
government in addressing important population-related issues as they impact on different
development concerns in the country.

VI. REFERENCES
Albert, J. (2012). Understanding changes in the Philippine Population. Philippine Statistics Authority
(PSA), (n.p.). Retrieved from http://www.nscb.gov.ph/beyondthenumbers/
2012/11162012_jrga_popn.asp
Asian Development Bank. (2015). Statistical notes and tables, Asian development outlook 2015.
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Bagarinao, R. (2015). A spatial analysis of Population growth and urbanization in Calamba City using
GIS. Journal of Nature Studies 14 (2):1–13, ISSN: 1655 – 3179. Retrieved from
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Carino, J. (2012). Country Technical Notes on Indigenous Peoples’ Issues, Republic of the
Philippines, (p. 1). Retrieved from https://www.ifad.org/documents/10180/0c348367-
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Commission on Filipinos Overseas (CFO). (Various years). Stock estimates of overseas Filipinos. (n.
p.). Retrieved from the CFO website, http://www.cfo.gov.ph/ downloads/statistics/stock-
estimates.html
Commission on Population (POPCOM). (2012). Philippine Population Management Program (PPMP)

Directional Plan 2011-2016 (pp. 4-5, 25, 28, 67). Mandaluyong City.
Commission on Population (POPCOM). (2013). Demographic dividend in the Philippines: Imminent

or far-fetched? (p. 5). Mandaluyong City.
Commission on Population (POPCOM). (2015). Core results indicators per component for the PPMP
approved during the assessment of the PPMP Monitoring and Evaluation (M & E) System on
November 12, 2015.
Commission on Population (POPCOM). (2016). Gender Responsive Population Strategies (GR PopS)
Toolkit Resource Book. (pp. 50-56, 63), Mandaluyong City.
Commission on Population (POPCOM). (2016). Philippine Population Management Program

Strategic Plan for 2017-2022. (pp. 1-23), Mandaluyong City.
Commission on Population (POPCOM) (2016). Selected Indicators in the Responsible Parenthood

and Reproductive Health Law Implementation
Cruz, G. (2014). The Filipino family and youth in transition: policy and program directions (n. p.). UP
Population Institute Paper presented in the 2014 PCPD Partners’ Conference AIM
Conference Center retrieved from http://www.pcpd.ph/uploads/
Filipino_Families_and_Youth_in_Transition.pdf

Cruz, G. (22 April 2015). Changing health status of Filipino older people (PowerPoint presentation
to the Commission on Population during the Research Utilization on Ageing) (n. p.)
Demographic Research and Development Foundation (DRDF) and University of the Philippines
Population Institute (UPPI). (2014). The 2013 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study in the
Philippines - Key Findings, Quezon City: DRDF and UPPI, (pp. 2, 4, 12, 14).
Department of Health (DOH). (2011). Philippine Health Statistics, 2011 (p. 205). Retrieved from
http://www.doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/PHS2011_edited.pdf
DOH National Implementation Team [NIT] of the RPRH Law. (2016). The Second Consolidated
Report on the Implementation of the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act
of 2012 (R.A. No. 10354) (p. 16).
Expansion/Country.com. Life expectancy increases in Philippines. Retrieved from

http://countryeconomy.com/demography/life-expectancy/philippines
Kuo, L. (July 31, 2014). The Philippines now has 100 Million people—and just about as many
problems and possibilities (n. p.). Retrieved from http://qz.com/242352/the-philippines-
now-has-100-Million-people-and-just-about-as-many-problems-and-possibilities/
National Statistics Office (NSO) [Philippines], and ICF Macro. 2009. National Demographic and
Health Survey 2008. Calverton, Maryland: National Statistics Office and ICF Macro (pp. 70,
86, 93, 113). Retrieved from https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR224/FR224.pdf
Ogena, N. (21 April 2015). Future ageing in the Philippines demographic trends, human capital and
health status (PowerPoint presentation presented to the Commission on Population during
the Research Utilization on Ageing, selected data culled from the Census of Population and
Housing, various years) (n. p.)
OXFAM. (2013) as cited by the Foundation for the Philippine Environment. Retrieved from
http://fpe.ph/climate-change.html/view/humanizing-climate-change-impacts-on-global-
food-security
Perez, J. POPCOM (29 June 2015). Presentation on the key emerging issues and policy and program
implications on internal migration, retrieved from the POPCOM website,
http://www.popcom.gov.ph/ on 31 May 2016
Perez, J. (2016). Filipinos on the Move – Current practices and factors of internal migration in the
Philippines. (PowerPoint presentation in the First National Summit on Internal Migration.
POPCOM (n.p.)
Pernia, E. M. and Pernia, E. E. (2015). Population, economic growth, and inclusivity. International
Journal of Philippine Science and Technology (formerly Philippine Science Letters), volume
8, issue number 1, pp. 12—16. Retrieved from http://philscitech.org/ 2015/1/1/004.html

Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). (2010). 2010 Census of Population and Housing, as cited in
the POPCOM PowerPoint presentation on October 28, 2016 to the Executive Committee of
the POPCOM Board of Commissioners
PSA. (2012). The age and sex structure of the Philippine Population: (facts from the 2010 census) (n.
p.). Retrieved from http://psa.gov.ph/content/age-and-sex-structure-philippine-
Population-facts-2010-census
PSA. (2013). Persons with disability in the Philippines (results from the 2010 census) (n. p.) Retrieved
from https://psa.gov.ph/content/persons-disability-philippines-results-2010-census
PSA. (2013). Urban barangays in the Philippines (Based on 2010 CPH) (n. p.). Retrieved from
https://psa.gov.ph/content/urban-barangays-philippines-based-2010-cph
PSA. (2014). A 142 Million Philippine Population by 2045? (n. p.) Retrieved from
http:/psa.gov.ph/content/142-Million-philippine-Population-2045
PSA. (2014). Food Security Index (FSI), Dimensions of Food Security, Internal and External Factors-
Outlook of Food Security and its Determinants (n. p.). Retrieved from
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PSA. (2014). Food Security Index (FSI), Dimensions of Food Security, Internal and External Factors-
Situation (n. p.) Retrieved from http://philfsis.psa.gov.ph/index.php/id/19
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development. (n. p.). Retrieved from http://nap.psa.gov.ph/stats/statdev/2014/
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of Overseas Filipino Workers 2013 and 2014.pdf;
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Distribution of Overseas Filipino Workers by Sex and Region 2011 and 2012.pdf
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The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 0

II. Key Population Management Issues and Challenges 8

A. Population Size and Growth 8

III. Population Management Objectives 31

A. Philippine Population Management Program (PPMP) 31

IV. Key Population Management Strategies 34

A. Population and Development (POPDEV) Integration 35

V. Inter-agency Collaborative Mechanisms for PPMP 40

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 2

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 3

The Duterte Administration’s 0-10 point socio-economic agenda

Alleviating the lot of the poor will always be intrinsic to

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 4

The administration of President Rodrigo Duterte has recognized

Juan Antonio A. Perez III, MD, MPH

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 5

Within this development thrust, the role of population management is specifically

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 6

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 7

A. Population Size and Growth

Figure 1. Trends in Population Size and Population Growth Rate, Philippines

120 2.9 3.0 3.5

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015 Census of Population

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 8

Table 1. Trends in Population Size by Region: Philippines

Region 2010 2015

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015 Census of Population

The pronounced disparity in regional population distribution is indicative of the heightened

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 9

Urban Population Level of

NCR 11,566,325 11,855,975 100.0 100.0

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2010 Census of Population

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 10

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2010 Census of Population

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 11

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2010 Census of Population

Table 3: Percentage distribution of Philippine Population by broad age group in percent

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 12

Figure 4. Percent share of youth Population

19.5 19.7 20.5 20.5 19.7 19.6

10 Findings by DRDF and UPPI

Figure 5. Philippine Population

Total Popuation 15-24 age group

Sources: Philippine Statistics Authority, Philippine Census of Population, various censuses

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 13

Increasing older population is likewise a noticeable trend in population age structure.

Figure 6. Population pyramid of young and elderly population

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 14

4.3 4.6 5.3 5.3 5.4 6.0 6.8

50 49.7 52.7 55.1 56.2 57.0 59.9 60 and over

45.7 45.7 42 39.6 38.3 37.0 33.4

1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2010

Table 4. Percentage of projected Population for selected age groups

Age 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority, 2014

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 15

1. Indigenous Peoples (IPs)

2. Persons with Disabilities (PWDs)

The PPMP Directional Plan for 2017-2022 | 16

D. High Fertility Level

Figure 8. Trends in Total Fertility Rates: Philippines