Foundation Analysis and Design Joseph €. Bowles 4th Edition Pee aay Aen Ve LC)SPECIAL FOOTINGS AND BEAMS ON ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS 409 | ‘TABLE 9-1 Range of values of modulus of subgrade reaction k, Use values a guide and for comparison when using approximate equations no SF, since this equation directly gives gan. Where there is concern that k, does not increase without bound with depth Z we may adjust this term so that B,Z is replaced with B, tan” Z/D such that k, reaches some limiting value at depth Z = D. Table 9-1 may be used to estimate a value of k, to determine about the correct, | iH , | Soil kel fy N/m? | Loote snd 30-100 ‘s00-16000 | Medium dense sand 0-500 600-80 000 H Dense sand 400-800 64000-12800 | i! CClayey medium dense sand 200-500 32000-8000 Silty medium dense sand 150-30 . 24000-48000 hs Chayey soit \ 5 200kPa (44s!) 75-150 12000-24000 200<4, 5 400kPa 130-300 24000-48000 i > 800 KPa 300 48000 order of magnitude of the subgrade modulus obtained using one of the approximations given here. Obviously if a computed value is two or three times larger than the table range indicates, the computations should be checked for a possible gross error. If none is found, use judgment of the probable value, realizing that the table values are intended to be used only as representative guides. The value of Xiux used in Fig, 9-9e may be directly estimated at some small value of, say, 12 to 25 mm, or from inspection of the load-settlement curve. It might also be estimated using from the peak strain in a triaxial compresgjon test. From the peak strain émax estimate . Xn cnus(L5 to 2B) The 1.5 to 2B dimension is an approximation of the depth of significant fF stress-strain influence (Boussinesq theory) for the structural member. This may be either for a footing or a laterally loaded pile. Example 9S. Estimate f, forthe following design parameters B=4h L=6ft D=2ft | d= 4kst_ (clayey sand approximately 30 deep) E,= 240 ist (average in depth SB beneath base) Solution. Estimate = 0.3 so that _@ z We will use Ea. 9-7) forthe center and edge and average the value as one estimate. Eg