CSS SYLLABUS ENGLISH (PRECIS & COMPOSITION)  

– 100 MARKS

The examination in this subject will be based upon a paper carrying 100 marks to Test the candidate’s
abilities to handle Precis Writing, Reading Comprehension, Sentence Structuring, Translation,
Grammar and Vocabulary, etc.

I. Precis Writing (20 marks)

A careful selected passage with an orientation of generic understanding and enough flexibility for
compression shall be given for précising and suggesting an appropriate title. Out of the total 20 marks
allocated to this question, 15 shall go to précising the text and 5 to suggesting the title.

II. Reading Comprehension (20 marks)

A carefully selected passage that is rich in substance but not very technical or discipline- specific shall
be given, followed by five questions, each carrying 4 marks.

III. Grammar and Vocabulary (20 marks)

Correct usage of Tense, Articles, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Punctuation, Phrasal Verbs, Synonyms
and Antonyms etc.

IV. Sentence Correction (10 marks)

The sentences shall be given each having a clear structural flaw in terms of grammar or punctuation.
The candidates shall be asked to rewrite them with really needed correction only, without making
unnecessary alterations. No two or more sentence should have exactly the same problem, and 2-3
sentences shall be based on correction of punctuation marks.

V. Grouping of Words (10 marks)

A random list of twenty words of moderate standard (neither very easy nor utterly unfamiliar) shall be
given, to be grouped by the candidates in pairs of those having similar or opposite meaning, as may be
clearly directed in the question.

VI. Pairs of Words (10 marks)

Ten pairs shall be given of seemingly similar words with different meanings, generally confused in
communication, for bringing out the difference in meaning of any five of them by first explaining them
in parenthesis and then using them in sentences.

VII. Translation (10 marks)

Ten short Urdu sentences involving structural composition, significant terms and figurative/idiomatic
expressions shall be given, to be accurately translated into English.

CSS SYLLABUS GENERAL SCIENCE & ABILITY

Part-I (General Science) 60 Marks

I. Physical Sciences

· Constituents and Structure:-Universe, Galaxy, Light Year, Solar System, Sun, Earth, Astronomical
System of Units.
· Process of Nature: – Solar and Lunar Eclipses, Rotation and Revolution, Weather Variables (Global
Temperature, Pressure, Circulation, Precipitation, Humidity) and Weather Variations.
· Natural Hazards and Disasters: – Earth Quake, Volcanic Eruption, Tsunami, Floods, Avalanche,
Travelling Cyclone (Tropical Cyclone, Middle Latitude Cyclone and Tornadoes), Drought, Wildfire,
Urban Fire. Disaster Risk Management.
· Energy Resources: – Sources of Energy (Renewable i.e. LED Energy, Solar Energy, Wind Energy
and Non-Renewable Energy conservation and its sustainable use.
· Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonding, Electromagnetic Radiations.
· Modern Materials/Chemicals: – Ceramics, Plastics, Semiconductors. Antibiotics, Vaccines,
Fertilizers, Pesticides.

II. Biological Sciences

· The Basis of Life: – Cell Structures and Functions (Subcellular Organelles such as Nucleus,
Mitochondria and Ribosomes).
· Biomolecules: – Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates and Enzymes.
· Plant and Animal Kingdom: – A brief survey of plant and animal kingdom to pinpoint similarities
and diversities in nature.
· A Brief Account of Human Physiology.
· Common Diseases and Epidemics: – Polio, Diarrhea, Malaria, Hepatitis, Dengue their Causes and
Prevention.
· New Model Concept of Producing BIO Fuel Method

III. Environmental Science

· Environment: – The Atmosphere (Layered Structure and Composition), Hydrosphere (Water Cycle,
Major Water Compartments), Biosphere (Major Biomes) and Lithosphere (Minerals and Rocks, Rock
Types, Plate Tectonics).
· Atmospheric Pollution: – Types, Sources, Causes and effects of major air pollutants (COx,
Particulate Matter, NOx, SOx, Tropospheric Ozone, Volatile Organic Compounds, Dioxins). Regional
and Global air pollution issues (Acid-rain, Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming).
International agreements on air pollution control (Montreal Protocol and Kyoto Protocol).
· Water Pollution:- Types, sources, causes and effects of major water pollutants (Synthetic Organic
Chemicals, Oxygen Demanding Wastes, Plant Nutrients, Thermal Pollution, Infectious Agents,
Sediments, Radioactivity, Heavy Metals and Acids). Drinking water quality and standards.
· Land Pollution: – Solid waste management and disposal.

· Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Environmental Science.

· Population Planning.

IV. Food Science

· Concept of Balance Diet: – Vitamins, Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats and oil, Minerals, Fiber.

· Quality of Food:- Bioavailability of Nutrients, Appearance, Texture, Flavor, Quality of Packed and
Frozen Food, Food Additives, Preservatives and Antioxidants

· Food Deterioration and its Control: – Causes of Food Deterioration, Adulteration, Food
Preservation.

V. Information Technology

· Computer (Hardware & Software Fundamentals); I/O Processing and data storage, Networking &
Internet Standards, Application and business Software, Social Media Websites. Information Systems.
Fundamentals of artificial intelligence.
· Telecommunications: – Basics of Wireless Communication (Mobile, Satellite, Surveillance and GPS
and Fiber Optic etc.

Part-II (General Ability) 40 Marks

VI. Quantitative Ability/Reasoning

· Basic Mathematical Skills.

· Concepts and ability to reasons quantitatively and solve problems in a quantitative setting.

· Basic Arithmetic, Algebra and Geometry (Average, Ratios, Rates, Percentage, Angles, Triangles, Sets,
Remainders, Equations, Symbols, Rounding of Numbers

· Random Sampling

VII. Logical Reasoning and Analytical Reasoning/Ability

· Logical Reasoning includes the process of using a rational, systematic series of steps based on sound
mathematical procedures and given statements to arrive at a conclusion

· Analytical Reasoning/Ability includes visualizing, articulating and solving both complex and

uncomplicated problems and concepts and making decisions that are sensible based on available
information, including demonstration of the ability to apply logical thinking to gathering and analyzing
information.

VIII. Mental Abilities

· Mental Abilities Scales that measures specific constructs such as verbal, mechanical, numerical and
social ability.
CSS SYLLABUS CURRENT AFFAIRS  –  100 MARKS

Candidates will be expected to display such general knowledge of history,

politics and
International Affairs, as deemed necessary to interpret current affairs.
I. Pakistan’s Domestic Affairs (20 marks)
§ Political
§ Economic
§ Social
II. Pakistan’s External Affairs (40 marks)
§ Pakistan’s relations with its Neighbors (India, China, Afghanistan, Russia)
§ Pakistan’s relations with the Muslim W orld (Iran, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia,
Turkey)
§ Pakistan’s relations with the United States
§ Pakistan’s relations with Regional and International Organizations (UN,
SAARC, ECO, OIC, WTO, CW)
III. Global Issues (40 marks)
§ International Security
§ International Political Economy
§ Human Rights
§ Environment: Global Warming, Kyoto Protocol, Copenhagen Accord
§ Population: world population trends, world population policies
§ Terrorism and Counter Terrorism
§ Global Energy Politics
§ Nuclear Proliferation and Nuclear Security
§ Nuclear Politics in South Asia
§ International Trade (Doha Development Round and Bali Package)
§ Cooperation and Competition in Arabian Sea, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
§ Millennium Development Goals, Current Status,
§ Globalization
§ Middle East Crisis
§ Kashmir Issue
§ Palestine Issue

SYLLABUS: PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (COMPULSORY)

•Ideology of Pakistan — definition and elucidation, historical aspects: Muslim rule in the Sub-
Continent, its downfall and efforts for Renaissance. Movements for reforms — Shaikh Ahmad
Sarhindi, Shah Waliullah, Sayyid Ahmad Shaheed, Aligarh, Deoband, Nadwah, and other educational
institutions — Sindh Madrassah and Islamia College Peshawar. Ideology of Pakistan in the light of
Speeches and statements of Allama Iqbal and Quaid- i Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

•Land and people of Pakistan — Geography, Society, Natural resources, Agriculture, Industry and
education with reference to characteristics, trends and problems.

•Pakistan and Changing Regional Apparatus

•Nuclear Program of Pakistan, its Safety and Security; International Concerns

•Regional Cooperation Organizations (SAARC,ECO,SCO) and the Role of Pakistan

•Civil-Military Relations in Pakistan

•Economic Challenges in Pakistan

•Non-Traditional Security Threats in Pakistan: Role of Non-State Actors

•Pakistan’s Role in the Region

•The Palestine Issue

•Changing Security Dynamics for Pakistan: Challenges to National Security of Pakistan

•Political Evolution Since 1971

•Pakistan and US War on Terror

•Foreign Policy of Pakistan Post 9/11

•Evolution of Democratic System in Pakistan

•Ethnic Issues and National Integration

•Hydro Politics; Water Issues in Domestic and Regional Context

•Pakistan’s National Interest

•Challenges to Sovereignty

•Pakistan’s Energy Problems and their Effects

•Pakistan’s Relations with Neighbors excluding India

•Pakistan and India Relations Since 1947

•The Kashmir Issue

•The war in Afghanistan since 1979 and its impact on, and challenges to Pakistan in the Post 2014 era.

•Proxy Wars: Role of External Elements

•Economic Conditions of Pakistan, the Most Recent Economic Survey, the Previous and Current
Budgets, and the Problems and Performance of Major Sectors of Economy.

•The Recent Constitutional and Legal Debates, the Latest Constitutional Amendments and Important
Legislations, Legal Cases and the Role of Higher Courts.

•The Prevailing Social Problems of Pakistan and the Strategies to Deal with Them, Poverty, Education,
Health and Sanitation.

ISLAMIC STUDIES SYLLABUS

I. Introduction to Islam.
•Concept of Islam.

•Importance of Din in Human Life.

•Difference between Din and Religion.

•Distinctive Aspects of Islam.

•Islamic Beliefs & its Impact on Individual & Society and the Fundamental of Islam

•Islamic Worships: Spiritual, Moral and Social Impact.

II. Study of Sirah of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as Role Model for:-

•Individual

•Diplomat

•Educator

•Military Strategist

•Peace Maker

III. Human Rights & Status of Woman in Islam.

•Human Rights and Status of Woman in Islam

•Dignity of Men and Women

IV. Islamic Civilization and Culture:

•Meanings and the Vital Elements

•Role of Civilization in Development of Human Personality and Community

•Characteristicts of Islamic Civilization (Tawhid, Self-purification, Dignity of Man, Equality, Social

Justice, Moral Values, Tolerance, Rule of Law)

V. Islam and the World

•Impact of Islamic Civilization on the West and Vice Versa.

•Impact of Islamic Civilization on the West and Vice Versa.

•Muslim World and the Contemporary Challenges.

•Rise of Extremism.

VI. Public Administration and Governance in Islam

•Concept of Public Administration in Islam

•Quranic Guidance on Good Governance

•Concept of Governance and its Applications in the light of Qur’an, Sunnah and Fiqh.

•Governance Structure in Islam (Shura, Legislation, Sources of Islamic Law)

•Governance under Pious Khilafat

•Particular letters of Hazrat Umar (R.A) and Hazrat Ali (R.A) to different Authority.

•Responsibilities of Civil Servants

•System of Accountability (hisbah) in Islam

VII. Islamic Code of Life

•Salient Features of Islamic System, Social System, Political System, Economic System, Judicial
System, Administrative System,

•Procedure of Ijma and Ijtihad

SYLLABUS: POLITICAL SCIENCE PAPER-I

PART-A (50 Marks)

I. Western Political Thought:

Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Montesquieu, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Kant, Mill, Bentham, Hegel,
Marx, Lenin, Mao, Gramsci, Karl Popper, Pierre Bourdieu, John Rawls, Frances Fukuyama, Foucault,
Derrida, Kierkegaard, Jean Paul Sartre, Rene Descartes.

II. Muslim Political Thought:

Al-Farabi, Al-Mawardi, Ibn Rushd, Imam Ghazali, Ibn Taymiyyah, Nizam-ul-MulkTusi, Ibn Khaldun,
Shah Waliullah, Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Jamaluddin Afghni, Rashid Rida.

PART-B (50 Marks)

III. State System:

The nature and emergence of modern nation-state system, Islamic concept of state and Ummah.

IV. Political Concept (Western and Islamic):

Sovereignty, Justice, Law, Liberty, Freedom, Equality, Rights and Duties, Human Rights, Political
Authority and Power.
V. Comparative Politics:
Political Socialization, Political Culture, Political Development, Political Recruitment, Social Change,
Civil Society, Violence and Terrorism in Politics, Gender and Politics, Women Empowerment.

VI. Political Participation:

Political Change and Revolution, Elections, Electoral System, Public Opinion, Propaganda, Political
Parties, Pressure Groups and Lobbies.

VII. Political Institutions and Role of Government:

Legislature, Executive, Judiciary, Political Elites, Civil and Military Bureaucracy.

VIII. Forms of Government:

Monarchy, Democratic, Dictatorship, Totalitarian/Authoritarian, Unitary, Federal, Confederation,
Presidential and Parliamentary.

IX. Political Ideologies:

Capitalism, Marxism, Communism, Socialism, Totalitarism, Fascims, Nationalism, Islamic Political
Ideology.

X. Local Self Government:

Theory and practice of Local Self-Government with special reference to Pakistan, Comparative
analyses of systems of local governance, Public Administration and Public Policy.

SYLLABUS: POLITICAL SCIENCE-II

PART-A (30 Marks)

I. Comparative and Analytical Study of the Political Systems:
Political System of U.S.A, U.K, France and Germany

II. Global and Regional Integration

Globalization and Politics, Global Civil Society, Regional politico-economic integration and
organizational structure of the European Union, SAARC, ECO, International Financial Regimes IMF
and WTO.

PART-B (70 Marks)

III. Comparative and Analytical Study of the Political Systems:

Political system of Turkey, Iran, Malaysia, India and China.

IV. Political Movements in India (Colonial Period):

Rise of Muslim Nationalism in South Asia and Pakistan Movement (with special reference to the role
of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah)

V. Government and Politics in Pakistan:

Constitution making from 1947 -1956, A comparative and critical analysis of 1956, 1962, 1973
Constitutions of Pakistan, Constitutional Amendments up-to-date, Federal Structure in Pakistan, and
Central-Provincial relations after 18th amendment.

Political Culture of Pakistan, Political Developments and the Role of Civil and Military Bureaucracy,
Judiciary, Feudalism, Dynastic Politics, Political Parties and Interest Groups, Elections and Voting
Behavior, Religion and Politics, Ethnicity and National Integration.

VI. International Relations:

History of International Relations: Post World War-II (WW-II) Period.
Foreign Policy of Pakistan: National Interests and Major Determinants i-e.

1.Size/Geography

2.Economic Development

3.Security

4.Advancement in Technology

5.National Capacity

6.Political Parties/Leadership

7.Ideology

8.National Interest

9.Role of Press/Bureaucracy

10.Social Structure

11.Public Opinion

12.Diplomacy

13.Foreign Policy-making Process in Pakistan

Also External Factors like International Power Structure, International Organizations, World Public
Opinion and Reaction of other States.

SYLLABUS: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

I. Public Administration: Concepts, Approaches and Context
Definitions; Role and Scope of Public Administration in Society; Issues in Public Administration
Theory and Practice: Democracy versus Bureaucracy, Politics versus Administration, Efficiency versus
Equity; Core Values of Public Administration: Rule of Law, Efficiency, Equity and Fairness,
Responsiveness; Traditional Public Administration; New Public Management; New Public Service;
Governance Approach to Public Administration; Islamic Concept of Public Administration; Historical
roots of Public administration in Pakistan.

II. Public Administration: Classical and Contemporary Theories and Concepts

Bureaucracy; Scientific Management; Human Relations Approach; Leadership, Motivation, Network
Governance; Strategic Management; Public Choice Theory; Types of Organizational Structure;
Organization of Federal, Provincial, and Local Government in Pakistan; Administrative Culture of
Pakistan; Inter-governmental Relations at Federal and Provincial level in Pakistan.

III. Public Policy Planning, Implementation and Evaluation

Strategic Planning and Management; Planning Process; Policy Analysis; Policy Implementation;
Program Evaluation; Planning Machinery; Role of Donors and International Institutions in Public
Policy and Management; Policy making and implementation in Pakistan.

IV. Budgeting and Financial Management

Budget as a Policy Tool; The Budget as a Managerial Tool; Principles of Budgeting, Audit and
Accounting in Government; Line-Item Budgeting; Performance Budgeting; Program Budgeting; Zero-
Base Budgeting; Outcome-Based Budgeting. Planning and Budgeting in Pakistan.

V. Managing Human Resources

Spoil system versus Merit System in Public Employment; Personnel versus Human Resources
Management; Close system versus Open System of Public Employment; Functions of Human
Resources Management; Implementation of HRM in Public Sector: Key Issues and Challenges.
VI. Administrative Law
Meaning; Scope and Significance; Nature and Contents of Administrative Law, Administrative Ethics,
Delegation of Authority and Legislation, Administrative Tribunals; Administrative Law in Pakistan.

VII. Public Management Skills

Planning; Decision Making, Conflict Management; Leading, Communication, Administrative
Buffering; Managing Change; Managing Diversity; Stress Management; Delegation; Public Service
Motivation; Creativity and Problem Solving; Issues of Public Management.

VIII. The Civil Service of Pakistan

Historical Background of Civil Service, The Structure of civil Service; History of Civil Service
Reform; Management of Civil Service; Institutional and Cultural Context of Civil Service; Role of
Civil Service in Good Governance, Gender and Civil Service.

IX. Organization of Provincial and Local Government

Governance Structure of Provincial Administration; Organization of Provincial Secretariat;
Organization and Functions of Provincial Authorities and Agencies and their Relationship with
Government Departments; Post-devolution Local Governance; Organization and Functions of District
Government and Administration; Organization and Structure of City District Government; Issues and
Challenges of Local Governance.

X. Governance and Administrative Reforms

Theories of Administrative Reforms; Types of Administrative Reforms; Privatization; Regulation; De-
regulation; Decentralization; Partnerships and Collaboration; Business Re-engineering, Quality
Assurance; Administrative Reform in Pakistan.

XI. Public Administration Accountability & Control

Bureaucratic Responsiveness; Representative Bureaucracy; Citizens Engagement in Public Service;
Accountability & Control; Concept and Approaches to Public Accountability; Institutional Framework
for Administrative Accountability; Legislative, Executive and Judicial Control over Administration;
Administrative Corruption; Role of Civil Society in Good Governance; Media, Interest Groups and
Civil Society Organizations; The Situation in Pakistan.

XII. Public Administration and Development

Role of Public Administration in Development; Concept of Development Administration; Difference
Between Development Administration and Development Management; Changing Role of Public
Administration in Development, Issues and Challenges of Public Administration in Pakistan.

SYLLABUS: GENDER STUDIES

I. Introduction to Gender Studies

•Introduction to Gender Studies

•Difference between Gender and Women Studies

•Multi-disciplinary nature of Gender Studies

•Autonomy vs. Integration Debate in Gender Studies

•Status of Gender Studies in Pakistan

II. Social Construction of Gender

•Historicizing Constructionism

•Problematizing the category of “Sex”: Queer Theory

•Is “Sex” socially determined, too?

•Masculinities and Femininity

•Nature versus Culture: A Debate in Gender Development

III. Feminist Theories and Practice

•What is Feminism

•Liberal Feminism

•Radical Feminism

•Marxist/Socialist Feminism

•Psychoanalytical Feminism

•Men’s Feminism

•Postmodern Feminism

IV. Feminist Movements

•Feminist Movements in the West. First Wave, Second Wave and Third Wave Feminism. United Nation
Conferences on Women, Feminist Movements in Pakistan.

V. Gender and Development

•Colonial and Capitalistic Perspectives of Gender

•Gender Analysis of Development Theories; Modernization Theory, World System Theory,

Dependency Theory, Structural Functionalism.

•Gender Approaches to Development: Women in Development (WID), Women and Development

(WAD), Gender and Development (GAD); Gender Critique of Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs).
•Globalization and Gender

VI. Status of Women in Pakistan

•Status of Women’s health in Pakistan

•Status of Women in Education

•Women and Employment

•Women and Law

VII. Gender and Governance

•Defining Governance

•Suffragist Movement

•Gender Issues in Women as Voters

•Gender Issues in Women as Candidates

•Gender Issues in Women as Representatives

•Impact of Political Quota in Pakistan

VIII. Gender Based Violence

•Defining Gender Based Violence

•Theories of Violence against Women

•Structural and Direct Forms of Violence

•Strategies to Eliminate Violence against Women

IX. Case Studies of:

•Mukhtaran Mai

•Mallala Yousaf Zai

•Shermin Ubaid Chinoy

SYLLABUS: CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

I. Definition and Scope of Constitutional Law, Basic Constitutional Concepts (Constitutional

Conventions, Rule of Law, Due Process), Constitutional Structures (Parliamentary, Presidential,
Separation of Powers), Judiciary (Independence of Judiciary, Judicial Review, Theories of
Constitutional Interpretation) Fundamental Human and Political Rights and Civil Liberties (freedom of
speech, association, assembly, movement and Right to Counsel, life, property, religion, privacy, self
incrimination, double jeopardy).

II. Principles of Constitutional Law with special reference to United Kingdom, United States of
America, France, Russia, China, Pakistan, India and Turkey.

III. Constitutional History of Pakistan: Principles of Constitutional Law of Pakistan, Salient feature

of the Government of India Act, 1935, Indian Independence Act 1947, Objectives Resolution 1949,
Constitutions of 1956, 1962 and 1973, Abrogation and Suspension of the Constitutions and the Martial
Laws, Legal Framework Order, 1970, The PCO of 1981, The RCO of 1985, The LFO-2002,
Amendments in the 1973 Constitution.

IV. Legal Development:

•Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan v. Federation of Pakistan PLD 1955 Sindh 96

•Federation of Pakistan vs. Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan, PLD 1955 FC 240

•Reference by the Governor-General PLD 1955 FC 435

•State v. Dosso PLD 1958 SC 533

•Usif Patel v. Crown PLD 1955 FC 387

•Begum Nusrat Bhutto v. Chief of the Army Staff PLD 1977 SC 657

•Hakim Khan v. Government of Pakistan PLD 1992 SC 595

•Nawaz Sharif v. President of Pakistan PLD 1993 SC 473

•Benazir Bhutto v. the President of Pakistan PLD 1992 SC 492

•Khawaja Muhammad Sharif, PLD 1988 Lah. 725

•Federation of Pakistan v. Haji Saifullah Khan PLD 1989 SC 166

•Khawaja Ahmad Tariq Rahim PLD 1992 SC 646

•Benazir Bhutto v. President of Pakistan, PLD 1998 SC 388

•Asma Jilani v. Government of the Punjab PLD 1972 SC 139

•State v. Zia ur Rehman PLD 1973 SC 49

•Mahmood Khan Achakzai v. Fed. of Pakistan PLD 1997 SC 426

•Zafar Ali Shah v. General Pervez Musharraf, PLD 2000 SC 869

•Sindh High Court Association v. Federation of Pakistan, PLD 2009 SC 879

 SYLLABUS: SOCIOLOGY

I. General Sociology

1.Individual: Sociability or the sociality of man.

2.Culture: Meaning and Characteristics (Culture is variable, learnt, social, shared, transmissive,

dynamic and adaptive), types (Material, Non –material), functions (transfer of knowledge, define
situation, provide behaviour pattern, moulds personality) and elements of culture (norms, values,
beliefs, sanctions, customs).Culture and Socialization; formal and non-formal socialization,
transmission of culture, cultural relativism. Sub-cultures. Ethnocentrism and xenocentrism, Cultural
lag, High culture and popular culture. Multiculturalism, assimilation, and acculturation.

3.Society: Meaning and characteristics. Community; meaning and characteristics. Individual and

society. Relationship between individual and society. Two main theories regarding the relationship of
man and society (i) the social contact theory and (ii) the organismic theory. Social and cultural
evolution of society (Hunting and Gathering Society, Herding and Advance Herding Society,
Horticultural Society, Agrarian Society, Industrial Society, Post modern Society).

4.Social Interaction: Caste and classes, Forms of social classes, Feudal system in Pakistan, Social
Mobility-nature of social mobility and its determinants in Pakistani society, Culture of poverty.

5.Social Control: Mechanisms of social control-formal and informal means of social control, Anomie,
Alienation and social Integration-Means of social integration in Pakistani Society.

6.Social and Cultural Change and Social Policy: Processes of Social and Cultural Change-discovery,
Inhibitions to social and cultural change in Pakistan, Social planning and directed social and cultural
change, Effect of Industrialization, Urbanization, Modernization and Modern Means of
Communication on Social Change.
7.Public Opinion: Formation of public openion, concept of opinion leader, characteristics of opinion
leadership.

8.Community: The rural community, Traditional Characteristics of rural life, The urban community,
Rural – Urban convergence, Urbanism, Future of cities in Pakistan.

9.Social Institutions: The nature and genesis of institutions, The process of institutionalization,

Functions of Social Institutions: Family, Religion, Education, Economy and Politics.

10.Social Problems in Pakistan: High population growth rate, Rural-urban migration. Issues of

technical/vocational training, Deviance and street crime, Unemployment, illiteracy and School drop
out, Smuggling, Prostitution, Poverty, Drug Addiction, Child Labour and Abuse, Bonded Labour,
Social customs and Traditions affecting Women in Pakistan, Violence Against Women and Domestic
Violence, Issues concerning the Elderly in Pakistan.

II. Sociological Theory:

Three sociological perspectives: Structural Functionalism, Symbolic interactions and Conflict.
Theorists: Ibn-i-Khaldun, Spencer, August Comte, Emile Dukheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx, Parson.

III. Methods of Sociological Research:

Scientific Method, Steps in research, Types of Questionnaire Research Design, Surveys, Observation
and Case Studies.