Module 2.

SOCIAL
STUDIES
JH – 1
Time Frame: October 25-29, 2021
Prepared by: Teacher Francisco
SOCIAL STUDIES JH 1 - MODULE 2.2
CHAPTER 5: AND THE EARLY CIVILIZATION IN ASIA

The Human development takes place not only in physical aspect but also in
culture.

In this module, you will learn the following lessons:

Development of Culture
in Prehistoric Times

At the end of this module, you shall have:

a. Described the early stages of civilization of man in

Asia
b. Made a generalization on the development of culture
in prehistoric times.

At the end of this module, you shall have:

Generalized the stages of cultural development of culture in

prehistoric times.

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 LESSON 15
Development of Culture in Prehistoric Times
ASIAN Identity in the Global World pages 70 - 78

The Stone Age

Divided into three periods: Paleolithic (or Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (or Middle
Stone Age), and Neolithic (or New Stone Age), this era is marked by the use of
tools by our early human ancestors (who evolved around 300,000 B.C.) and the
eventual transformation from a culture of hunt ing and gathering to farming and
food production. During this era, early humans shared the planet with a number of
now-extinct hominin relatives, including Neanderthals and Denisovans.

In the Paleolithic period (roughly 2.5 million years ago to 10,000 B.C.), early
humans lived in caves or simple huts or tepees and were hunters and gatherers.
They used basic stone and bone tools, as well as crude stone axes, for hunting birds
and wild animals. They cooked their prey, including woolly mammoths, dee r and
bison, using controlled fire. They also fished and collected berries, fruit and nuts.

Ancient humans in the Paleolithic period were also the first to leave behind art.
They used combinations of minerals, ochres, burnt bone meal and charcoal mixed
into water, blood, animal fats and tree saps to etch humans, animals and signs.
They also carved small figurines from stones, clay, bones and antlers.

The end of this period marked the end of the last Ice Age, which resulted in the
extinction of many large mammals and rising sea levels and climate change that
eventually caused man to migrate.

During the Mesolithic period (about 10,000 B.C. to 8,000 B.C.), humans used
small stone tools, now also polished and sometimes crafted with points and
attached to antlers, bone or wood to serve as spears and arrows. They often lived
nomadically in camps near rivers and other bodies of water. Agriculture was
introduced during this time, which led to more permanent settlements in villages.

Finally, during the Neolithic period (roughly 8,000 B.C. to 3,000 B.C.), ancient
humans switched from hunter/gatherer mode to agriculture and food production.
They domesticated animals and cultivated cereal grains. They used polished hand
axes, adzes for ploughing and tilling the land and started to settle in the plains.
Advancements were made not only in tools but also in farming, home construction
and art, including pottery, sewing and weaving.

The Metal Age

As people learned to find and use more practical metals, three distinct “metal ages” began
toward the end of the Stone Age, each one overlapping the next. These include the Copper
Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age.

Copper Age

By about 4,200 B.C., people began to pick up small nodules of copper and used them to make
green or blue paints or to fashion ornaments by hammering flat into various shapes. Repeated
heating and hammering resulted in annealing, which made the metal harder but also brittle. In
this way, they made simple flat axes and daggers.

They also learned to melt pure copper over a fire and poured it into simple molds. Later they
learned how to “smelt” the copper from ore, by melting it at 1200 °C and combining it with
charcoal to precipitate out the pure copper.

Copper was still a scarce commodity, so stone continued to be the primary material for many
tools until the Bronze Age.

Bronze Age

Bronze is an alloy made primarily of copper with about 10 percent tin and small amounts of
other elements. In the late Copper Age, around 4,500 years ago, metalsmiths in China and the
Middle East learned how to purify tin from ore and then combine it with copper. The
resulting alloy was much stronger and tougher than copper, making it useful for many
applications and replacing copper and stone implements in many locations.

Bronze of different types was developed around the world, and used in ploughs, swords, axes,
spearheads, armor, helmets, and shields, as well as artistic decorations and scientific
implements.

Iron Age

After the Bronze Age, the Iron Age began about three thousand years ago between 1200 B.C.
and 1000 B.C. As people became more adept at mining and metalworking, they learned to
make useful objects from the iron found in meteorites dropped from space. Later, they
learned to smelt iron ores, which are quite common, creating superior weapons and
agricultural implements.

Iron is stronger and more plentiful than copper and tin, and became much cheaper than
bronze so that regular farmers could afford iron ploughs. The result was an agricultural
explosion that altered the pattern of societies.

Iron remained the primary metal of industry for more than two thousand years – until
the discovery of steel.

Industrial Metal Supply is a full service supplier of metal, metalworking equipment, and
supplies.

Watch the video here

Direction: Write what is being asked below.

[Note: This will be answered orally during the discussions/synchronous period.]

a. Described the stone age of civilization of man in Asia

Direction: Answer the question below.

[ Note: This will be answered together by the class during synchronous period]

1. Describe the stages of development of culture in prehistoric times.

a. Paleolithic or Old stone Age
b. Neolithic or New Stone Age

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 Direction: Describe the following.

[Note: This will be answered orally during the discussions/synchronous period.]

1. Copper age
2. Bronze age
3. Iron age

Direction: Generalized the stages of cultural development of culture in prehistoric times.

[Note: Write your answer on the provided Google Docs/Form. Don’t forget to submit on the
next week, November 3, 2021.

Lesson 15

Download a picture of Stone Age and Metal Age and give a short discussion about it. At least
2 paragraphs.

Quiz 2.2 on Friday November 5, 2021

Skills: a. Enumeration b. Noting Details c. True or False Refer to page

70-78