1.

 Prokaryotes are unicellular creatures with no membrane-bound structures, and no

nucleus. Prokaryotic cells are often tiny and simple.  Prokaryotes have been on Earth for a long
time. They have evolved over 2.5 billion years ago. They are the first to appear on earth.

2. A cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, separates the cell from the outside
environment in every prokaryote. Nucleus is absent.  The DNA of these organisms is not
protected by a cell membrane. A single loop floats in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes. They also
contain a cell wall that serves as cell support and protection. Some of them are also enclosed in
a capsule, which has a sticky surface area that enables prokaryotes to attach to surfaces like the
skin.

3.

Prokaryotic cells are much smaller than

eukaryotic cells, have no nucleus, and lack
organelles. All prokaryotic cells are encased
by a cell wall.  They do not have a nucleus,
but, instead, they have a single
chromosome: a piece of circular, double-
stranded DNA located in an area of the cell
called the nucleoid.

4. Eukaryotic cells have a "true" nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and rod-shaped

chromosomes, and are bigger than prokaryotic cells. The nucleus holds the cell's DNA and
controls protein and ribosome production. They appeared one billion years after the first
prokaryotes.

5.
Complete the table

Organelle Plant/Animal Functions

Cell Membrane Both separates the interior of all cells
from the outside environment
which protects the cell from its
environment.
Cell Wall Plant  provides tensile strength and
protection against mechanical
and osmotic stress.
Cytoplasm Both It provides a platform upon
which other organelles can
operate within the cell.
Vacuole both to store substances, typically
either waste or harmful
substances, or useful
substances the cell will need
later on. 
Ribosome Both decoding the message and the
formation of peptide bonds.
Golgi Both Serve as a factory in which
proteins received from the ER
are further processed and
sorted for transport to their
eventual destinations
Rough ER Both  to produce proteins for the rest
of the cell to function. 
Smooth ER Both It synthesizes lipids,
phospholipids as in plasma
membranes, and steroids. 
Central Vacuole Plant Serve as a combination of
reservoir, waste dump, storage
region and even as a means of
keeping the cell in shape
Chloroplast Plant convert light energy into
To transport and sustain these
relatively stable chemical
cells. To nurture the developing
energy via the photosynthetic
offspring. To
process. produce hormones.
Mitochondria Both generate most of the chemical
energy needed to power the
cell's biochemical reactions.
Nucleus Both  controls and regulates the
activities of the cell and carries
the genes, structures that
 To transport and sustain these
cells. To nurture the developing
offspring. To produce hormones.

2. Leaf Cell- once the carbon dioxide and water are inside the leaf cells, the mesophyll
contain the cells use it
hereditary
to perform photosynthesis and respiration. Photosynthesis produces oxygen
information. that exits the leaf
through the stomata, and water vapor is Both
Nucleolus released into the atmosphere
participatesthrough these pores
in assembling thein
the transpiration cycle. ribosomes, alteration of
transfer RNA and sensing
cellular stress. 
Nuclear Membrane Both  to act as a barrier that
separates the contents of the
Critical Thinking: nucleus from the cytoplasm.
Centrosome Animal regulates cell motility, adhesion
1. Chloroplasts are plant cell organelles that use the photosyntheticandprocess to in
polarity transform light and
interphase,
energy into relatively stable chemical energy. Plant cells use chloroplasts for a variety of
facilitates the organization of
metabolic functions, including the creation of fatty acids, membrane lipids,poles
the spindle isoprenoids,
during mitosis.
tetrapyrroles, starch, and hormones.
Lysosomes Animal  degrading and recycling cellular
waste, cellular signalling and
2. In animal cells, you'll see a round shape with an outer cell membrane and no cell wall. Plant
energy metabolism.
cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not have. animal cells are round whereas most plant
Microtubules Animal regulating cell growth and
cells are rectangular shape.
movement as well as key
signaling events, which
modulate fundamental cellular
processes.
Nuclear Pores Both regulate the passage of
molecules between the nucleus
and cytoplasm, permitting some
to pass through the membrane,
but not others.

Part C.

1. Red Blood Cell

The main job of red blood cells, or erythrocytes, is to
carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and
carbon dioxide as a waste product, away from the
tissues and back to the lungs. Hemoglobin (Hgb) is
an important protein in the red blood cells that
carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of our
body.

2. Nerve Cell

Neurons, also known as nerve cells, send and

receive signals from your brain. While neurons have
a lot in common with other types of cells, they're
structurally and functionally unique. Specialized
projections called axons allow neurons to transmit
electrical and chemical signals to other cells