MATHEMATICS - Plane and Spherical Trigonometry 2 8 Angle Ais___. a 73.99° ce. 81.66" b. 63.17° @. 51.82° 9. Angle Bis__. a 73,99° c 81.66" ‘b, 63.17° d. 51.82° 10. Solve Situation 2 without using the Napier’s Rules. 11. Determine ¢ in a spherical triangle whose parts are given to be: A = 97°, € = 130%, anda = 110% a 385° c 1415" b 465° a. 133.5° 12. The parts of a spherical triangle are the following: 20°, C = 150°, and a = 136°. The spherical excess is. a 225 c 228° b. 231° a. 234° 13, If the radius of the sphere from the previous problem is 20 meters, find the area of the spherical triangle. a 1593m? 1633 m? b. 1653 m? 4. 1613 m? 14. Solve for the remaining side of the spherical triangle whose given parts are A = B = 80° and a=b=89. a 141°06 c. 11°29" ‘b 168°31" d. 38°54" 15. A ship on a certain day is at latitude 20° N and longitude 140° E. After sailing for 150 hours at a uniform speed along a great circle route, it reaches a point at latitude 10° $ and longitude 170° E. If the radius of the earth is 3959 miles, find the speed in miles per hour. a 174 c 164 b 154 a 194 Situation 3. An airplane will fly from Mactan Cebu (10°18'N,123°58'E) to Wellington New Zealand (41°19'S,174°48'E) following a great circle path with an average speed of 800 kph. 16. How long will it travel in hours? a 8.645 ce 12543 ‘b, 9.675 d. 6.983 17, What course should it leave Mactan? a S36°25'E c $42°26E b. $34°43'E d. S36°53'E 18, At what longitude will it cross the equator? a 138°43"E c 132°02'E b. 128°15°E d. 130°03' E Downloaded by Jevan Calaaue (levancalaque08®@qmail. com) Vernante 2MATHEMATICS - Plane and Spherical Trigonometry 2 RIGHT SPHERICAL TRIANGLE + isone with aright angle 8 Note: sin(co - 8) =cos6 cos(co — 8) tan(co— 0) cot(co — 6) =tan® Napier's Rules Rule 1: (Sin-Ta-Ad Rule) The sine of any middle part is equal to the product of the tangents of its adjacent parts. Rule 2: (Sin-Co-Op Rule) The sine of any middle part is equal to the product of the cosines of its opposite parts. OBLIQUE SPHERICAL TRIANGLE. = has none of its angles equal to 90°, or + twoor three angles are equal to 90° Cc a b B A c Sine Law sina _ sinb sind” sinB~ sin€ Cosine Law for sides cosa = cosbcosc +sinbsinccosA cosb = cosacose +sinasinccosB cosc =cosacosh +sinasinb cosC Cosine Law for angles cosA = —cosB cos + sinB sinC cosa cosB = —cosAcosC + sinAsinC cosb cos = —cosA cos B + sinAsin B cose NAPIER'S ANALOGIES arb, _cos(AZ) 6 onl) Eon) or an(52) =n sin) SAMPLE PROBLEMS Situation 1. Refer here for problems 1-3. The sides of atriangle are 18 cm, 24 cm, and 34cm. Find the length of the following: 1, median to the 24-cm side, in em, a 2441 © 23.41 b, 22.41 d. 21.41 2. altitude to the 34-cm side, in cm. a 1114 c 1214 b. 1444 a. 13.14 3. angle bisector to the 18-cm side, in cm. a 30.16 c. 29.16 b. 27.16 d. 28.16 4. A triangle has an area of 9.92 cm? and its perimeter is 15 cm. Find the distance from the point of intersection of its angle bisectors to one side. a 132cm c. 261cm b. 231cm d. 1.62cm 5. What is the radius of the circle circumscribing an isosceles right triangle having an area of 162 cm?? a 18.40cm © 12734 b. 9.20cm d. 25.46cm 6. The sum of two sides of a triangle is 30 cm. The difference of the same sides is 15 cm. If the perimeter is 48 cm, find the radius of the escribed circle tangent to the longest side of the triangle. a. 40.8cm c. 39.8cm b. 41.8cm d. 38.8cm Situation 2. Refer here for problems 7-9. Using Napier's Rules, solve the following unknown parts of the spherical triangle whose given parts are: a= 72°,b = 62°, and C = 90° 7. Sidec a. 73.99° c. 8166" b. 63.17° d. 51.82° Vernante 2 Downloaded by Jevan Calaque jevancalaquet8@gmail.com)MATHEMATICS - Plane and Spherical Trigonometry 2 CIRCLE CIRCUMSCRIBING A TRIANGLE (CIRCUM-CIRCLE) Circumcenter - It is the point of intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the triangle. It is also the center of the circumscribed circle. Circum-circle - Itis the circle that passes through all the vertices of the triangle. Its center can be inside or outside the triangle. abe aR ESCRIBED CIRCLE (EX-CIRCLE) Ar where: r= radius of escribed circle a= side where the escribed circle is tangent SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY SPHERICAL TRIANGLE Great Circle - a circle on the surface of a sphere whose plane passes through the center of the sphere Spherical Angle - an angle formed by the intersection of two great circles Spherical Triangle ~ a triangle on the surface of the sphere formed by the intersection of three great circles Note that for spherical triangles, sides a, b, and c are in angular units. PROPERTIES OF SPHERICAL TRIANGLE B ; d ‘Sum of Interior Angles 180° < (A+B +C) < 540° Excess, E E=A+B+C- 180° Spherical Defect, D D =360°-(at+b+c) ‘Area of Spherical triangle aE 180" Note that in spherical trigonometry, earth is assumed to be a perfect sphere. 0°1'of arc = 1 nautical mile 1 nautical mile = 1852 meters 1 statute mile = 1609.344 meters Sphe Area Vernante 2 Downloaded by Jovan Calaque Gevancalaqued8@ gmail.com)