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RVFLOODWRULDFHDQ IRUPV SURSRVHGWKDW WKH IRUPV ZLWK 2UGHU 2VFLOODWRULDOHV ZKLFK VKDUHV WKH SURSHUW\ RI
DPXOWLFHOOXODUVWUXFWXUHEHLQFOXGHGLQDQHZ JHQXV KHOLFDOO\FRLOHGWULFKRPHV 7KHVHDUH
Arthrospira. 7KLV GLVWLQFWLRQ ZDV FRQILUPHG E\  GHJUHH RI LQFOLQDWLRQ RI WKH SLWFK RI WULFKRPH
*RPRQW  LQ KLV WD[RQRPLF VWXG\ RQ WKH KHOL[IURPWUDQVYHUVHD[LV
2VFLOODWRULDFHDH +H OHIW WKH DSSDUHQWO\ DVHSWDWH  DVSHFW DQG YLVLELOLW\ OLJKW PLFURVFRSH RIFURVV
IRUPV LQ Spirulina, DQG SODFHG WKH VHSWDWH IRUPV LQ ZDOOVEHWZHHQWKHFHOOVLQWKHILODPHQW
Arthrospiru 6WL]HQEHUJHU  +RZHYHU *HLWOHU
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UHYLVLRQ  RI WKH &\DQRSK\FHDH UHXQLILHG WKH SRUHVLQWKHFHOOZDOO
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 +H EDVHG FODVVLILFDWLRQ RQWKHFORVH VLPLODULW\ RQ WKH EDVLV RIWKH GHJUHH RILQFOLQDWLRQ RIWKH SLWFK
LQ PRUSKRORJ\ DQG LJQRUHG WKH SUHVHQFH RI VHSWD RI WKH WULFKRPH KHOL[ ZKLFK IRUPV DQ DQJOH !ž
&KDSWHU $UWKURVSLUD 6SLUXOLQD 

Table 1. 0DLQIHDWXUHVVHSDUDWLQJWKHJHQHUDArthrospira 6WL]HQEHUJHUDQGSpirulina 7XUSLQ

&ULWHULD $UWKURVSLUD 6SLUXOLQD

7ULFKRPH GLDPHWHU  —P  —P

7\SH RI KHOLFLW\ ORRVHO\ FRLOHG WLJKWO\ FRLOHG

&URVVZDOOV YLVLEOH XQGHU OLJKW PLFURVFRSH LQYLVLEOH XQGHU OLJKW PLFURVFRSH

&HOO ZDOO SRUH SDWWHUQ VLQJOH URZ DURXQG WKH WULFKRPH VHYHUDO URZV RQ FRQFDYH VLGH RI WKH FRLO

0RGH RI WULFKRPH IUDJPHQWDWLRQ LQWUDFHOOXODU QHFULGLXP LQWHUFHOOXODU

&\OLQGULFDO ERGLHV SUHVHQW DEVHQW

$QR[\JHQLF SKRWRV\QWKHVLV DEVHQW SUHVHQW LQ VRPH VWUDLQV

&SK\FRHU\WKULQ QRW IRXQG SUHVHQW LQ VRPH VWUDLQV

\OLQROHQLF DFLG SUHVHQW DEVHQW

IURPWKHWUDQVYHUVH D[LV WKH SUHVHQFH RIHDV\ YLVLEOH 0DU6ORXJK &DOLIRUQLD 86$ LV WKHUHIHUHQFH VWUDLQ
VHSWD DQG WKH GLVWULEXWLRQ RIMXQFWLRQDO SRUHV LQ RQH IRU WKH %DFWHULRORJLFDO &RGH 5LSSND DQG +HUGPDQ
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7RPDVHOOL HWDO  VXJJHVWWKDWWKHUHDUH RWKHU +LQGILNDVVLJQHGDOOWKHSODQNWRQLFIRUPV RI
PHDQLQJIXO FULWHULD WR GLVWLQJXLVK EHWZHHQ WKH WZR Arthrospira LQFOXGLQJ WKRVH SUHYLRXVO\ GHVFULEHG DV
LQFOXGLQJ 6 U51$ VHTXHQFH GDWD ZKLFK FOHDUO\ 6 platensis) LQ DONDOLQH VDOLQH ODNHV WR "S.
VKRZ WKDW Spirulina DQG Arthrospira DUH fusiformis" 9RURQLFKLQ  V\QRQ\PV A. maxima
SK\ORJHQHWLFDOO\ GLVWDQW *LRYDQQRQL HW DO  6HWFKHOO HW *DUGQHU  DQG A. geitleri 'H 7RQL
1HOLVVHQ HW DO  $QRWKHU XVHIXO FULWHULRQ LV  VLQFH LQ DJUHHPHQW ZLWK )RWW DQG .DULP
WKDW XQOLNH Spirulina, Arthrospiru FRQWDLQV WKH  KH FRQVLGHUHG 6 platensis" WR EH D EHQWKLF
XQVDWXUDWHG IDWW\ DFLG OLQROHQLF DFLG &RKHQ DQG VSHFLHV 2QWKHEDVLVRIWKLV DVVXPSWLRQ PRVWRIWKH
9RQVKDN Spirulina DQG Arthrospiru DUH ERWK $IULFDQ SRSXODWLRQV ZHUH LQFOXGHG XQGHU A.
DTXDWLF EXW XQOLNH Spirulina, Arthrospiru KDV JDV fusiformis. 7KLV RSLQLRQ DOVR VKDUHG E\ .RPILUHN
YDFXRODWHGFHOOV 7KHPDLQFULWHULDIRUGLVWLQJXLVKLQJ DQG /XQG  KDV EHHQ GHEDWHG E\ 7RPDVHOOL
WKHWZRJHQHUDDUHOLVWHGLQ7DEOH 
$OWKRXJK Arthrospira LV KHOLFDOO\ FRLOHG LQ QDWXUDO
SRSXODWLRQV WKH RFFXUUHQFH RI VWUDLJKW RU VOLJKWO\
VWUDLJKW ILODPHQWRXV IRUPV VLPLODU WR Oscillatoriu,
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RI WKH WD[RQRP\ DQG QRPHQFODWXUH RI WKH WKUHH
UHODWHG VSHFLHV S platensis", “S. maxima" DQG "S.
fusiformis", VXJJHVWHG WKDW ZLWKLQ WKH SODQNWRQLF
IRUPV WKHUH DUH WZR WD[D "maxima" DQG
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LGHQWLILFDWLRQ RI Arthrospiru /HZLQ  7KH ZKLFK FRXOG UHSUHVHQW WZR VSHFLHV (A. fusiformis
SUHVHQFH RI VWUDLJKW IRUPV RI Arthrospiru DQG WKHLU .RPiUHN DQG $ maxima), KDYH GLIIHUHQW
VLPLODULW\ WR VRPH PHPEHUV RI WKH WULEH JHRJUDSKLFDO GLVWULEXWLRQV +HQFH WKH\ FRQVLGHU A.
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 $9RQVKDNDQG/7RPDVHOOL

Table 2. 6SHFLHVRIWKHJHQXVArthrospiru 6WL]HQEHUJHU

Species First description References

A. fusiformis .RPiUHN 
A. gomontiana 6HWFKHOO 
A. indica 'HVLNDFKDU\  -HHML %DL 
A. jenneri 6WL]HQEHUJHU 
A. khannae 'URXHW  6WULFNODQG 
A. massartii .XIIHUDWK 
A. maxima 6HWFKHOO  *DUGQHU 
A. platensis *RPRQW 
A. spirulinoides &KRVH 
A. tenuis %ULLKO  %LVZDV 
6LEHULDQ VWHSSH 5XVVLD /DNH 7XQDWDQ 9RURQLFKLQ 
1RUWK $PHULFD VWDJQDQW ZDWHU *HLWOHU 
0DGXUDL ,QGLD QDWXUDO SRQG 'HVLNDFKDU\  -HHML %DL 
(XURSH VWDJQDQW ZDWHU *RPRQW 
5DQJRRQ 0\DQPDU QDWXUDO SRQG 'HVLNDFKDU\ 
/X[HPEXUJ VSULQJ ZDWHU *HLWOHU 
2DNODQG &DOLIRUQLD ZDUP VDOLQH SRQG *DUGQHU 
0RQWHYLGHR 8UXJXD\ VWDJQDQW ZDWHU :LWWURFN  1RUGVWHGW 
/DKRUH 3DNLVWDQ VWDQGLQJ UDLQ ZDWHU *HLWOHU 
%HQJDO ,QGLD DUWLILFLDO EDVLQ *HLWOHU 

DQG-HHML%DL WKLVLPSOLHVWKDWWKHWKLFNHQLQJRI LQWR RQO\ WZR PDLQ JHQRW\SLF FOXVWHUV ZLWK QR FOHDU
WKH DSLFDO FHOO ZDOO FDO\SWUD LV D VLJQLILFDQW FRUUHODWLRQ WR WKHLU JHRJUDSKLF RULJLQ RU SKHQRW\SLF
WD[RQRPLFIHDWXUH 7KHSURSRVDOLVEDVHGRQWKHIDFW IHDWXUHV 7KLV LV LQFRQWUDVWWR WKHSUHYLRXV VWXG\ E\
WKDW WKH FDO\SWUD ZDV QHYHUUHSRUWHG LQA. fusiformis. 9LWL HW DO  ZKLFK VKRZHG D ODUJH FRQVHQVXV
,IWKH H[LVWHQFH RI WKH FDO\SWUD FDQ EH GHPRQVWUDWHG EHWZHHQ WKH JHQRW\SLF FOXVWHUV DQG WKH RWKHU IHDWXUHV
LQWKH RULJLQDOPDWHULDOA. indica ZLOOEHFDPHDODWHU RI WKH VWUDLQV 7KH ODFN RI D FORVH FRQFRUGDQFH
V\QRQ\PRIA. fusiformis 'HVLNDFKDU\ DQG-HHML %DL EHWZHHQ WKH UHVXOWV RI WKHVH VWXGLHV HPSKDVL]HV WKH
 1HYHUWKHOHVV WKH SURSRVDO IRU D QHZ VSHFLHV QHHG WR DGGUHVV WKH ORQJ GHEDWHG SUREOHP RI WKH
A. indica LVTXHVWLRQDEOHVLQFHRWKHUDXWKRUV)RWWDQG GHILQLWLRQ RI VSHFLHV WKURXJK D SRO\SKDVLF DSSURDFK
.DULP  FRQVLGHU ³S. geitleri” ZKLFK LV D
V\QRQ\PRIWKHFDO\SWUDWH“S. maxima“ WREHLGHQWLFDO
WR “S. fusiformis" 
7KH WUDGLWLRQDO VHSDUDWLRQ RI WKH FRPPRQ VSHFLHV
LQWR A. maxima DQG A. platensis VKRXOGEHPDLQWDLQHG
XQWLO PRUH GHWDLOHG VWXGLHV KDYH EHHQ FRPSOHWHG
XVLQJ SKHQRW\SLF DQG GLIIHUHQW W\SHV RI JHQRW\SLF
LQIRUPDWLRQ
7KH TXHVWLRQ RI WKH SURSHU GHVLJQDWLRQ RI
Arthrospiru H[WHQGV WR WKH FRPPHUFLDO SURGXFWV DQG
KXPDQKHDOWK VLQFHArthrospira ELRPDVV LV VROG DV D
KHDOWKIRRG7KHZLGHVSUHDGXVHRIWKHWHUP6SLUXOLQD
7RPDVHOOL  &RQVLGHULQJ WKH JUHDW YDULDWLRQV
LQVL]HDQGVKDSHRIWULFKRPHJHRPHWU\LQQDWXUDODQG
FXOWXUHG Arthrospira SRSXODWLRQV WD[D EDVHG RQ
PRUSKRORJLFDO IHDWXUHV VKRXOG EH FRQILUPHG WKURXJK
XVH RI PROHFXODU ELRORJ\ WHFKQLTXHV 7RWDO '1$
UHVWULFWLRQ SURILOH DQDO\VLV SHUIRUPHG RQ WHQ
Arthrospira VWUDLQV OHG WR WKH UHFRJQLWLRQ RI WZR
IRU VXFK PDWHULDO FOHDUO\ FDXVHV SUREOHPV LQ
DFFHSWLQJ WKH FRUUHFW WHUPLQRORJ\ EXW LW LV KLJKO\
LPSRUWDQW WR EH DZDUH RIWKH W\SH RIRUJDQLVP EHLQJ
FXOWLYDWHG 6RPHSpirulina VSS HJS. subsalsa) DUH
LQ IDFW FXOWLYDWHG IRU FRPPHUFLDO SXUSRVHV LQ
PLVWDNHQ EHOLHIWKDW WKH\ KDYH WKH QXWULWLRQDO TXDOLW\
DQG WR[LFRORJLFDO VDIHW\ RI WKH WUDGLWLRQDO HGLEOH
ZHOOVHSDUDWHG JHQRW\SLF JURXSV 9LWL HW DO  VSHFLHV RIArthrospira 6KLPDGD HW DO  %ULHED
FRLQFLGLQJ ZLWKWKHERWDQLFDO VSHFLHVA. maxima DQG DQG0HULQRV 
A. platensis, WRZKLFKWKHVWUDLQVKDGSUHYLRXVO\EHHQ
DVVLJQHG7RPDVHOOLHWDO D ,9 2FFXUUHQFHDQG 'LVWULEXWLRQ
$ IXUWKHU SK\ORJHQHWLF VWXG\ XVLQJ $5'5$
$PSOLILHG 5LERVRPDO '1$ 5HVWULFWLRQ $QDO\VLV RI $ *HQHUDO
WKH ,76 ,QWHUQDO 7UDQVFULEHG 6SDFHU DV DPROHFXODU
WD[RQRPLFPDUNHUZDVPDGHRQPRUHWKDQVWUDLQV 6SHFLHV RI Arthrospira KDYH EHHQ LVRODWHG PDLQO\
RI Arthrospira, ZKLFK GLIIHUHG ZLWK RQH H[FHSWLRQ IURP DONDOLQH EUDFNLVK DQG VDOLQH ZDWHUV LQ WURSLFDO
IURP WKH SUHYLRXV RQHV 6FKHOGHPDQ HW DO  DQG VHPLWURSLFDO UHJLRQV &DVWHQKRO]  A.
7KHUHVXOWVRIWKLVVWXG\OHGWKHVWUDLQVEHLQJJURXSHG jenneri DQG A. platensis ZHUH GHVFULEHG E\ *HLWOHU
&KDSWHU  $UWKURVSLUD 6SLUXOLQD 

 DV FRVPRSROLWDQ 7KRXJK PRVW RI WKH SHUIRUPHG E\ ,OWLV IRU 256720 2IILFH GH OD
Arthrospira VSHFLHV KDYH EHHQ IRXQG LQ DONDOLQH
ZDWHU ZKHUH WKH\ IRUP PDVVLYH EORRPV VRPH RWKHU
VSHFLHV KDYH EHHQ UHSRUWHG WR RFFXU LQ IUHVK ZDWHUV
EXW ZLWKRXW VXFK SUHGRPLQDQFH 2WKHU VSHFLHV ZLWK
PRUH UHVWULFWHG GLVWULEXWLRQV RFFXU LQ UXQQLQJ IUHVK
5HFKHUFKH 6FLHQWLILTXHHW7HFKQLTXH 2XWUHPHUV KDV
FRQWULEXWHG PXFK WR RXU NQRZOHGJH RIA. platensis.
,WV PDLQ GLVWULEXWLRQ LV LQ WKH ZDWHU EDVLQ RI WKH
6XGDQ6DKHO ]RQH LQ &HQWUDO $IULFD QRUWKHDVW RI
/DNH &KDG WRZDUGV WKH UHJLRQ RI 2XQLDQJD .HELU
ZDWHUV A. okensis DQG VSULQJV A. massartii A. DQG WKH EDVLQV RI WKH (DVW $IULFDQ 5LIW 9DOOH\V ,W
spirulinoides, A. gomontiana DQG A. tenuis DUH DOVR RFFXUV LQ (WKLRSLD /DNH &KLWX DQG /DNH
UHSRUWHG IRU VWDJQDQW IUHVK ZDWHUV 'HVLNDFKDU\ $UDQJXDGLDQG=DLUH/DNH.LYX7DEOH
FRQVLGHUVA. jenneri DQG A. platensis DVW\SLFDO 0RVW RI WKH ZDWHU ERGLHV LQ ZKLFK Arthrospira
RIWURSLFDO VDOLQHHQYLURQPHQWV WKULYHV DUH SHUPDQHQW RU WHPSRUDU\ VDOLQH DONDOLQH
$PRQJ WKH YDULRXV VSHFLHV LQFOXGHG LQ WKH JHQXV ODNHVQDWURQODNHVWKHVHDUHVFDWWHUHGLQWKHKROORZV
Arthrospira, WKHPRVWZLGHO\GLVWULEXWHGA. platensis, RI WKH IRVVLO GXQH V\VWHP RI WKH 6DKDUD DQG WKH
LV PDLQO\ LQ $IULFD &KDG .HQ\D (J\SW (WKLRSLD 6XGDQ6DKHODUHDV DQGIHG E\DTXLIHUVDQGWKHVFDQW\
6XGDQ /LE\D $OJHULD &RQJR =DLUH =DPELD $VLD UDLQ DERXW  PPSHU \HDU 7KH VDOLQLW\ RIWKHVH
3DNLVWDQ ,QGLD 6UL/DQND 0\DQPDU 7KDLODQG DQG ODNHV LV KLJKO\ YDULDEOH ZKHQ HYDSRUDWLRQ H[FHHGV
6RXWK$PHULFD8UXJXD\3HUX A. maxima V\Q A. LQIORZWKH VDOLQLW\ULVHV DQG OHDGV WRDQ DFFXPXODWLRQ
geitleri) DSSHDUV WR EH FRQILQHG WR &HQWUDO $PHULFD RI VDOW GHSRVLWV RQ WKH VKRUHV ,OWLV E 7KH
0H[LFR &DOLIRUQLD86$ 7KLV VSHFLHV LV WKH PDLQ PHDQZDWHUWHPSHUDWXUHLV až&ZLWKRVFLOODWLRQVRI
FRPSRQHQW RI WKH SK\WRSODQNWRQ RI WKH VRODU DERXW “ƒ& 'XULQJ WKH ZDUP VHDVRQ WKH ZDWHU
HYDSRUDWLRQ FKDQQHOV LQ /DNH 7H[FRFR 0H[LFR WHPSHUDWXUH LQVKDOORZODNHV PD\UHDFK ƒ& 0HDQ
ZKLOH A. platensis GRPLQDWHVWKHDONDOLQHVDOLQH ODNHV OHQJWK RI GD\OLJKW LV DERXW  KRXUV DQG VRODU
RIWKH VHPLGHVHUWLF 6XGDQ6DKHO DUHD &KDG DQG RI UDGLDWLRQ LV RYHU  —PRO SKRWRQ P V 7KH
WKH 5LIW 9DOOH\V .HQ\D 7KH DEXQGDQW RFFXUUHQFH GLVSRVLWLRQ DQG VORSH RI WKH LPSHUPHDEOH FOD\ DQG
RIWKH VSHFLHV A. platensis DQG A. maxima LQ VDOLQH ZDWHUEHDULQJ VDQG\ OD\HUV IDYRU VXEWHUUDQHDQ
DONDOLQH WURSLFDO DQG VXEWURSLFDO ZDWHUV KDV OHG WR VHHSDJH RI ZDWHU DZD\ IURP /DNH &KDG 0DJOLRQH
UHFRJQLWLRQ RIWKHVH HQYLURQPHQWV DV W\SLFDO IRU WKH
HQWLUHJHQXV
7KH JHRJUDSKLFDO GLVWULEXWLRQ RI WKH PDLQ
SRSXODWLRQV RI Arthrospira LV JLYHQ LQ 7DEOH 
Arthrospira VSHFLHV KDYH DSSDUHQWO\ QRW EHHQ
UHSRUWHG IURPPDULQH HQYLURQPHQWV +RZHYHU ZKHQ
DQDGHTXDWH VXSSO\RIELFDUERQDWH 1DQG 3 WRJHWKHU
ZLWK VXLWDEOH S+ DQG VDOLQLW\ YDOXHV DUH SURYLGHG
Arthrospira VSHFLHV FDQ EH KLJKO\ SURGXFWLYH LQ VHD
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7KH PRVW GHWDLOHG VWXGLHV RQ WKH HFRORJ\ RI $ ZKLFKFDQDWWDLQYHU\KLJKGHQVLWLHV
platensis DUHWKRVHRI,OWLV DE D E A. platensis LV SUHVHQW DV QHDUO\ PRQRVSHFLILF
DE IRUWURSLFDO$IULFDQODNHVDQGWKDWRI SRSXODWLRQV LQ WKH KLJKO\ VDOLQH ODNHV ,OWLV D
%XVVRQ  ZKR GHVFULEHG SDVWDQG UHFHQWXVH RI RQO\ D IHZ RWKHU SKRWRWURSKV EHLQJ IRXQG ,Q
"S. geitleri" V\Q A. maxima DV D IRRG VRXUFH LQ FRQWUDVW LQ WKH PHVRKDOLQH ODNHV Arthrospira
0H[LFR LQ DGGLWLRQ WR LWV HFRORJ\ 2WKHU VWXGLHV FRH[LVWV ZLWK D QXPEHU RI RWKHU SKRWRWURSKV
LQFOXGH WKRVH RI -HHML %DL DQG 6HVKDGUL  HVSHFLDOO\GLDWRPVDQGGLQRIODJHOODWHVLQDGGLWLRQWR
+LQGDN  .RPiUHN DQG /XQG  DQG WKH GRPLQDQW F\DQREDFWHULD Anabaenopsis arnoldii
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WKH GLVWULEXWLRQ RI ,QGLDQ LVRODWHV DQG UHYLVHV WKH
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DVVLJQLQJWKHPWRWKHFDO\SWUDWHVSHFLHVA. indica.
DQG PDQ\ Oscillatoria VSS DUH RIWHQ LPSRUWDQW
FRPSRQHQWV RI WKH F\DQREDFWHULDO SRSXODWLRQ
6HYHUDO Spirulina VSHFLHV PD\ EH SUHVHQW HVSHFLDOO\
S. laxissima, S. major DQG S. subsalsa. $ VPDOOHU
IRUP RI A. platensis, YDU minor 5LFK ZDV DOVR
% :DWHU%DVLQVRIWKH6XGDQ6DKHO=RQH SUHVHQW ,OWLV E ,Q WKH VWXGLHV SHUIRUPHG RQ
VDPSOHV RIWZR $IULFDQ QDWURQ ODNHV /DNH 0RPEROR
7KH H[WHQVLYH VXUYH\ RI WKH SK\WRSODQNWRQ RI WKH DQG /DNH 5RPERX RI WKH UHJLRQ RI .DQHP O\LQJ
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 $9RQVKDNDQG/7RPDVHOOL

Table 3. *HRJUDSKLFDOGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHPDLQSRSXODWLRQVRIArthrospira VSS

COUNTRY ENVIRONMENT SPECIES REFERENCES

$)5,&$
&KDG QDWURQ ODNHV %RGRX 0RPEROR 5RPERX A. platensis, A. platensis /pRQDUG  &RPSpUH 
<RDQ DQG SRROV /DWLU ,VHLURP /DWLU I minor ,OWLV  5LFK 
/LYD .DQHP UHJLRQ
.HQ\D QDWURQ ODNHV %RJRULD &UDWHU (OPHQWHLWD A. platensis 5LFK  9DUHVFKL 
1DNXUX 5LIW 9DOOH\
/DNH %RJRULD A. platensis, A. platensis 7XLWH  +LQGiN 
I minor, A. fusiformis
/DNH 6LPEL A. platensis, A. platensis 0HODFN 
A. fusiformis .HEHGH  $KOJUHQ 
(WKLRSLD /DNH $UDQJXDGL /DNH &KLWX *UHHQ /DNH A. platensis, A. platensis 0HODFN 
$ fusiformis .HEHGH  $KOJUHQ 
(J\SW /DNH 0DU\XW A. platensis (O%HVWDZ\ HW DO 
6XGDQ /DNH 'DULED -HEHO 0DUUD A. geitleri )RWW .DULP 
$OJHULD SRQG 7DPDQUDVVHW A. platensis )R[ 
&RQJR /DND 0RXJRXQJD Arthrospira VS )R[ 
=DLUH /DNH .LYX Arthrospira VS )R[ 
=DPELD /DNH %DQJZHRORX Arthrospira VS )R[ 

$6,$
,QGLD SRQGV A. maxima 'HVLNDFKDU\  -HHML %DL 
/RQDU /DNH SRQGV WDQN 0DGXUDL 0&5& A. indica 'HVLNDFKDU\  -HHML %DL 
LVRODWH
0\DQPDU &UDWHU ODNHV Arthrospira VS 0LQ 7KHLQ 
3DNLVWDQ ILVK SRQG /DKRUH Arthrospira VS )R[ 
6UL /DQND /DNH %HULD Arthrospira VS )R[ 
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A Anabaena solitaria,  
Anabaena spiroides, 
Acanthophora spicifera,  Anabaena spiroides YDU contracta, 
Acetohalobium arabaticum,  Anabaena variabilis, 
Aedes aegyptii,        
Agapetus celatus,  Anabaena variabilis $7&& 
Agmenellum,  Anabaena variabilis $7&&   
Agmenellum quadruplicatum,  
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens,  Anabaena $7&& 
Agrostis palustris,  Anabaena $7&& 
Alcaligenes eutrophus,  Anabaena $7&&  
Alcaligenes eutrophus &+ Anabaena $7&&    
Alexandriuni tamarense,  Anabaena %4
Amanita phalloides,  Anabaena &
DPRHED Plate 2d Anabaena &3% 
Anabaena,   Anabaena 3&& 
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       Anabaena 3&&
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Plate 2f, 11a, 11b Anabaenopsis,   
Anabaena aequalis,  Anabaenopsis arnoldi, 
Anabaena azollae,   Anabaenopsis milleri, 
Anabaena azollae $D/  Anabaenopsis tanganyikae, 
Anabaena azollae $D1  Anacystis, 
Anabaena azollae $D6 Anacystis dimidiata,  
Anabaena catenula,  Anacystis halophytica, 
Anabaena circinalis,  Anacystis marina, 
Plate l l f Anacystis montana,  
Anabaena cylindrica,  Anacystis nidulans,   
    
Anabaena doliolum,  Anacystis nidulans $&,$070 
Anabaena fertilissima,  Anacystis thermalis, 
Anabaenaflos-aquae,    Anthoceros,     
     
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Anabaenaflos-aquae 15& Anthoceros punctatus, 
Anabaena flos-aquae 15& &DQDGD  $QWKRFHURWDH 
Anabaena flos-aquae 6J Anulus australis, 
Anabaena hassallii,  Aphanizomenon,      
Anabaena OD[D 
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Anabaena minutissima,  Aphanizomenon elenkinii, 
Anabaena oscillarioides,    Aphanizomenonflos-aquae,     
Anabaena siamensis $V        
Aphanizomenonflos-aquae IR gracile,  
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Aphanizomenon flos-aquae 1+ 86$ 1+ Arthrospira platensis,   
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Aphanizomenon gracile,  Arthrospira platensis 3&&  
Aphanizomenon ovalisporum,  Arthrospira platensis YDU minor, 
Aphanocapsa,   Arthrospira spirulinoides,  
    Plate la Arthrospira tenuis, 
Aphanocapsa concharum,  Arthrospira 0 
Aphanocapsa delicatissima,  Plate 12a Asterionella formosa, 
Aphanocapsa elachista,   Asterionella glacialis, 
Aphanocapsa endolithica,  Aulacoseira, 
Aphanocapsa grevillei,   Aulacoseira (Melosira) granulata, 
Aphanocapsa halophytica,    Plate 17c Aulosira, 
Aphanocapsa holsatica,  Plate 12b Azolla,  
Aphanocapsa incerta,       
Aphanocapsa nubilum,    
Aphanocapsa planctonica,  Azolla caroliniana, 
Aphanocapsa   Azolla filiculoides,   
Aphanacapsaopsis,  Azolla pinnata, Plate 15e, 28c
Aphanomycopsis cryptica,  Azospirillum brasilense, 
Aphanothece,      Azotobacter VS 
    Azotobacter vinelandii,  
 
Aphanothece bachmannii, Plate 13f B
Aphanothece clathrata,  Plate 13d
Aphanothece halophytica,     Bacillus, 
 Bacillus subtilis, 
   Plate 17c Bacillus thuringiensis VVS israeliensis, 
Aphanothece litoralis,  Balanion planktonicum, 
Aphanothece microscopica,  Blasia,  Plates 29b,
Aphanothece minutissima,   29c, 29d
Aphanothece pallida,  Blasia pusilla,  Plate 28d
Aphanothece smithii,  Boeckella, 
Aphanothece stagnina,   Bonellia fuliginosa, 
Arabidopsis,  Bordetella pertussis, 
Arabidopsis thaliana,  Bosmina,  Plate 14e
Archaeocillatoriopsis disciformis,  %RWU\RFRFFDFHDH 
Artemia,  Botryococcus, 
Artemia salina,  Botryococcus braunii, 
Arthrobacter,  Brachionus, 
Arthrospira,  Brachytrichia, 
3ODWH Bradyrhizobium japonicum, 
VHHDOVRSpirulina
Arthrospirafusiformis,    C
Arthrospira geitleri, 
Arthrospira gomontiana,  Calamoecia, 
Arthrospira indica,  Calothrix,  
Arthrospira jenneri,  
Arthrospira khannae, 
    
Arthrospira. massarti, 
   Plates 5b, 8c, 30a
Arthrospira. maxima,  Calothrix desertica,  
  
Calothrix gypsophila, 
Arthrospira okensis,  Calothrix marchica, 
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Calothrix parietina,  Citharistes apsteinii, 

  Coccochloris, 
Calothrix ' Coccochloris aeruginosa,  
Calothrix 3&&  Coccochloris elabens,  
Culyptothrix alternata,  Coccochloris peniocystis, 
Calyptothrix geminata,  Coccochloris stagnina, 
Candida nowegensis,  Cocos nucifera, 
Caudiculophycus acuminatus,  Codium, 
Cerutium,  Coelosphaerium, 
Cerutodon,  Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum, 
Ceriodaphnia,  Coelosphaerium minutissimum, 
Chamaesiphon,  5,  Coelosphaerium punctiferum,  
Chamaesiphon fuscus,  Plate 1g Coelosphaerium subarcticum, 
Chlamydomonas,  Coenocystis, 
Chlamydomonas nivalis,  Collema, 
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,    Collema coccophorum, Plate 31c, 31d 31e
Chlamydomonas ulvaensis,  Collema cristatum, Plate 31b
Chlorella,  Collema tenax, 
Chlorella pyrenoidosa,  Conophyton,  
&KORURELDFHDH Crepidula aculeata, 
Chlorobium,  Cricotopus fuscatus, 
Chlorobium vibrioforme,  Cricotopus nostocicola, 
Chlorococcum,  Crinalium episammum, 
&KORURIOH[DFHDH Cryptococcus, 
Chlorojlexus, Plate 5a Cyanidium, 
Chloroflexus aurantiacus,   Cyanobium, 
Chlorogloeu (Chlorogloeopsis) fritschii,  Cyanocatena planctonica, 
Chlorogloea microcystoides,  Cyanodictyon, 
Chlorogloeopsis,  Cyanodictyon filiforme,  Plate 12e
Chlorogloeopsis fritschii,  Cyanodictyon imperfectum,  Plate 12c
Chlorogloeopsis (HTF),   Cyanodictyon planctonicum,  Plate 12d
Chlorogloeopsis 2&JV Cyanodictyon reticulatum, 
Chondrilla nucula,  Cyanodictyon tubiforme, 
&KURPDWLDFHDH Cyanogranis ferruginea, 
Chromatium,  Plate 17c Cyanonephron, 
Chromobacterium violaceum,  Cyanonephron styloides,  Plate 13c
&KURRFRFFDFHDH  Cyanophora, 
&KURRFRFFDOHV   Cyanophora paradoxa,  
Chroococcidiopsis,  Cyanosarcina, 
  Cyanostylovirus, 
  Plate 21a Cyanothece, 
Chroococcidiopsis kashaii,  Cyanothece aeruginosa,  
Chroococcus,     Cyanothece cedrorum, 
Plate 2a, 13b Cyanothece dianae, 
Chroococcus aphanocapsoide,  Cyanothece halobia, 
Chroococcus microscopicus,  Plate 13b Cyanothece (Synechococcus) minewae,  
Chroococcus minimus,  Cyanothece 3&&
Chroococcus minutus,  Cycas, 
Chroococcus turgidus,  Cycas circinalis,  550
Chroococcus turgidus YDU spelaeus,  Cycas revoluta, 
Chroococcusturgidus87(;   Cyclidium, 
Chroococcopsis,  Cyclotella meneghiniana, 
Citharistes,  Cylindrospermopsis, 
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Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii,  Epithemia turgida, 

Cylindrospermum,  (SLWKHPLDFHDH 
Cyprinus carpio,  Erythrospira, 
Escherichia (E.) coli, 
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Dactylococcopsis,          
Dactylococcopsis acicularis,    
Dactylococcopsis salina,    Eubosmina, 
 Eucalyptus,  Plate 28b
Daphnia,   Eucapsis,   
Daphnia carinata,  Eudiaptomus, 
Daphnia galeata mendotae,  Euglena, 
Daphnia pulex,   Euglena gracilis, 
Daucus carota,  (XVSLUXOLQD
Deinococcus, 
Deinococcus radiodurans,  F
Dermocarpa, 
Dermocarpella,  Festuca octoflora, 
Desmococcus,  Filiconstrictosus diminutus, 
Desulfomonas,  Filiconstrictosus majusculus, 
Desulfotomaculum,  Fischerella, 
Desulfovibrio,  Fischerella epiphytica, 
Desulfovibrio vulgaris,  Fischerella laminosus, 
Diaphanosoma,  Fischerella muscicola, 
Dichothrix,  Fischerella muscicola 87(;  
Dichothrix baueriana,  Flavobacterium odoratum, 
Dichothrix calcarea,  Fremyella diplosiphon,  
Dichothrix compacta,    
Dichothrix gypsophila,  Fremyella diplosiphon 0 
Dicranella,  Funaria, 
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Didemnum molle,  G
Drepanocladus, 
Drosophila melanogaster,  Gallionella ferruginea, 
Dunaliella,  Geitleria, 
Dunaliella parva,  Geitleria calcarea, 
Dunaliella tertiolecta,  Geochelone gigantea, 
Dysidea herbacea,  Geodia papyraceae, 
Geosiphon,   
E Geosiphon pyriforme,    
      Plate 28f
Ectothiorhodospira, Plate 17c Gloeocapsa,     
Emiliania huxleyi,           
Encephalartos,      
Encephalartos ferox,  
(QWRSK\VDOLGDFHDH Gloeocapsa alpicola, 
Entophysalis, Plate 4A Gloeocapsa alpina, 
Eoastrion,  Gloeocapsa biformis, 
Eoentophysalis belcherensis,  Plate 4B Gloeocapsa calcarea, 
Eomarginata striata,  Gloeocapsa compacta, 
Eomicrocoleus,  Gloeocapsa kuetzingiana, 
Eomycetopsis,  Gloeocapsa muralis, 
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Gloeocapsa punctata,  Homoeothrix janthina, 

Gloeocapsa ralfsiana,  Homoeothrix rivularis,  
Gloeocapsa rupestris,  Hormathonema, 
Gloeocapsa sanguinea, Plates 2c, 32b Hormothamnion enteromorphoides,  
Gloeocapsa &&DO* Hyella, Plate 16b
Gloeodiniopsis uralicus,  Hyella fontana, 
Gloeothece,  Hyella immanis, 
     Hypheothrix, 
Gloeothece rupestris, 
Gloeothece $7&& I
Gloeotrichia, 
Plate 15c, 15d Ikedosoma gogoshimense, 
Gloeotrichia echinulata,  Iyengariella endolithica, 
Gloeotrichia natans, Plate 15f
Gloeotrichia pisum, 
J
Glomus,  
Glycine max,  Johannesbaptista pellucida, 
Gomphosphaeria, 
Gomphosphaeria aponina, 
Gomphosphaeria lacustris,  K
Gomphosphaeria naegeliana, 
Gunnera,  Klebsiella pneumoniae, 
      Klebsormidium flaccidum, 
Gunnera chilensis,   Plate 28a Kyrtuthrix, 
Gunnera manicata,  Kyrtuthrix dalmatica, 
Gunnera monoica, 
Gymnodinium,  L
Gymnostomum recuwirostrum, Plate 16e
Leiothrichoides tenuitunicatus, 
H Lemmermanniella pallida,  Plate 13e
Lemmermanniella pawa, 
Haeinatococcus,  Lemna, 
Haemophilus influenzae,  Lempholemma botryosum, 
Haloarcula,  Leptogium, 
Haloarcula japonica,  Leptogium schraderi, 
Halorubrum,  Leptolyngbya, 
Halorubrum distributum,  Lichina confinis, 
Halteria grandinella,  Limnothrix,  
Hapalosiphon,  Limnothrix amphigranuluta, 
Hapalosiphon fontinalis,  Lissoclinum patella, 
Hapalosiphon fontinalis 9  Lissoclinum punctatum, 
Hapalosiphon intricatus,  Lissoclinum voeltzkowi, 
Hemiaulus,  Listeria monocytogenes, 
Hemichloris,  Littoraria scabra, 
Hemichloris antarctica,  Locusta migratoria, 
+HSDWLFDH Lyngbya,      
Heterococcus endolithicus,        
Histioneis,     Plate
Histoneis elongata,  3A, 15b, 32a
Histoneis highleyi,  Lyngbya aestuarii,    
Homoeothrix,  Plate 8f, 31a
Homoeothrix balearica,  Lyngbya circumcreta, 
Homoeothrix crustacea, Plate 16d Lyngbya confewoides, 
 2UJDQLVP ,QGH[

Lyngbya digueti,      

Lyngbya majuscula,         Plate 2d, 11c
Lyngbya martensiana,   Microcystis aeruginosa IR aeruginosa, 
Lyngbya murrayi,  Microcystis aeruginosa 0 
/\QJE\D valderianum, 
Lyngbya vandenberghenii, 
Lyngbya wollei,  
M Microcystis aeruginosa :5 
Macrozamia, 
Macrozamia communis,
Mucrozamia lucida, 
Macrozamia moorei, 
Mucrozamia riedlei, 
Mastigocladus,
Mastigocladus (Fischerella) laminosus, 

Mastigocladus +7)
Mastigocoleus testarum, 
Melosiragranulata, 
Melosira nyassensis YDU victoriae, 
Mentzeliamultiflora,
Mercenaria mercenaria, 
Merismopedia, 
Plate 2a
Merismopedia tenuissima, 
Merismopedia warmingiana, 
Mesocyclops, 
Metallogenium,  Nitzschia closterium,  
Microchaete, 
Microcoleus,    

    
Microcoleus chthonoplastes, 




Microcoleus chthonoplastes 3&& 
Microcoleus chthonoplastes 6$* 
Microcoleus lyngybyaceus, 
Microcoleus paludosus, 
Microcoleus paludosus YDU acuminatus, 
Microcoleus sociatus, 
Microcoleus vaginatus, 
Microcystis, 

       

Microcystis aeruginosa, 

Microcystis aeruginosa 15& 66  
Microcystis aeruginosa 3&&
Microcystis aeruginosa 3&& 
Microcystis aeruginosa 87(; 
Microcystis aeruginosa  
Microcystis botrys, 
Microcystis firma, 
Microcystisflos-aquae, 
Microcystis stagnalis, 
Microcystis viridis, 
Microcystis wesenbergii, 
Micromonas pusilla, 
Mycoplasma genitalium, 
0\RYLULGDH
Myxobactron salinum, 
Myxococcus fulvus %*2
Myxococcus xanthus,    
Myxosarcina,  
N
Nassula aurea, 
Nephroma arcticum, 
Neurospora crassa, 
Nodularia, 
 
Nodularia haweyana,  
Nodularia spumigena, 
Plate 11e
Nostoc,  
      
     

     &KDSWHU  
   
       
     
Plate 29d, 29e, 29f
Nostoc calcicola,  
Nostoc carneum, 
Nostoc commune,   
   
      
       
   
   Plate 24b, 24c, 24d, 24e
2UJDQLVP,QGH[ 

Nostoc commune YDU flagelliforme,    Nostochopsis lobatus, 
Plate 1i Nostocomorpha, 
Nostoc commune &+(1 
Nostoc commune '5+    O

Nostoc commune 87(;  Ornithocercus, 
       Ornithocerus magnificus, 
Nostoc cordubensis,  Ornithocerus quadratus, 
Nostoc ellipsosporum,  Ornithocerus steinii, 
Nostoc flagelliforme, Plate 1i: VHHDOVRNostoc Oscillatoria,  55,   
commune YDU flagelliforme       
Nostoc fuscescens YDU mixta,  
Nostoc linckia,  
Nostoc microscopicum,          
Nostoc minutum,       
Nostoc muscorum,        
     Plate 17a, 17b
Nostoc muscorum $  Oscillatoria acutissima, 
Nostoc paludosum,  Oscillatoria acutissima %
Nostoc parmelioides,  Oscillatoria agardhii, 
Nostoc pruniforme, 3ODWHD       
Nostoc punctiforme,     
Nostoc punctiforme $7&&   Oscillatoria agardhii YDU isothrix, 
Nostoc rivulare,  Oscillatoria amphigranulata,  
Nostoc sphaericum,  Oscillatoria chlorina, 
Nostoc sphaeroides,  Oscillatoria formosa,  
Nostoc spongiaeforme,  Oscillatoria irrigua, 
Nostoc verrucosum,  Oscillatoria limnetica,   
Nostoc zetterstedtii,   
Nostoc $7&&  Oscillatoria limosa, 
Nostoc $ 
Nostoc %DOL Oscillatoria limosa 6WUDLQ
Nostoc &F Oscillatoria lutea, 
Nostoc ' Oscillatoria nigroviridis, 
Nostoc (IO  Oscillatoria perornuta, Plate 11d
Nostoc *LEVRQ  Oscillutoria priestleyii, 
Nostoc *P Oscillatoria princeps, 
Nostoc 0$&  Oscillatoria redekei, 
Nostoc 0 
Nostoc 0PO Oscillatoria rubescens,   
Nostoc 081 Oscillatoria salina,   
Nostoc 1,9$&<$ Oscillatoria spongelia, 
Nostoc 3&& Oscillatoria submembranacea,   
Nostoc 3&&   Oscillatoria tenuis, 
Nostoc 3&& Anabaena 3&& Oscillatoria terebriformis, 55,
Nostoc 3&&     Plate 5a
Nostoc 3&& Oscillatoria %* 
Nostoc 7 2VFLOODWRULDFHDH 
Nostoc 8$0     
Nostoc 8&'      Plate 23e
Nostoc 6% 2VFLOODWRULDH
1RVWRFDFHDH  2VFLOODWRULDOHV 
1RVWRFDOHV  Oscillatoriopsis, 
 2UJDQLVP ,QGH[

Oscillatoriopsis majuscula,  Phormidium laminosum,   

Oscillatorites,  
RVWUDFRG Plate 5c Phormidium martensiana, 
Ostreobium,  Phorrnidium murrayi, 
Ostreobium quekettii,  Phormidium persicinum, 
Phormidium priestleyi,  
P Phormidium tenue, 
Phormidium uncinatum,   
Palaeolyngbya,  Phormidium valderianum,  
Palaeolyngbya barghoorniana,  Pinguicula vulgaris, Plate 16e
Palaeolyngbya helva,  Plate 3B Placopsis contortuplicata, 
Palaeolyngbya minor,  Placynthium, 
Palaeonostoc,  Placynthium nigrum, 
Palaeopleurocapsa fusiforma,  Planktothrix, 
Palaeopleurocapsa kelleri,  Planktothrix perornata, Plate 11d
Palaeopleurocapsa reniforma,  Plectonema, 
Palaeovaucheria elevata,    
Pannus spumosus,  Plate 23b, 23c, 23f
Paramecium,  Plectonema boryanum,     
Paramecium caudatum,  Plectonema boryanum 87(;  
Parasponia andersonii,  Plectonema nostocorum, 
Partitiofilum gongyloides,  Plectonerna polymorphum, 
Pediastrum,  Plectonema terebrans, 
Peltigera,  Plectonema tomasianum, 
Peltigera aphthosa,  Plate 29g Plectonema 
Peltigera canina,  Pleomorpha, 
Peltigera membranacea,  Pleurocapsa,      
Phaeoceros,     Plate 29a  Plate 1a
Phaeophila dendroides,  Pleurocapsa minor,  
Phalaropus,  3OHXURFDSVDFHDH  
Phoenicopterus minor,  3OHXURFDSVDOHV
Phormidium,       3RGRYLULGDH 
     Porites, 
  Porites lobata, 
    Porphyrosiphon,  
  Plate 1h, 6c Porphyrosiphon fuscus,  
Phormidium ambiguum,    Porphyrosiphon notarisii,  
Phormidium angustissimum,  Portulaca (oleracea), Plate 24b
Phormidium autumnale,  Potarnocypris, Plate 5b
   3UDVLQRSK\FHDH 
Phormidium calcicola,  Prasiococcus, 
Phormidium corium,  Primaevifilum amoenum, 
Phormidium crossbyanum,  Primaevifilum conicoterminatum, 
Phormidium favosum,  Primaevifilum laticellulosum, 
Phorrnidium foveolarum,  Procambarus clarkii, 
Phormidium fragile,  Prochlorococcus,    
Phormidium frigidum,   
Phormidium hendersonii,  Plate 1d, 1e Prochlorococcus marina, 
Phormidium hypersalinum,  Prochloron,  
Phormidium hypolimneticum,  Prochloron didemni, 
Phormidium incrustatum,  Prochlorothrix, 
   Prochlorothrix hollandica,  
Prorocentrum minimum,  
2UJDQLVP,QGH[ 

Prototheca zopfi,  Schizothrix affinis, 

Pseudanabaena,  Schizothrix antarctica, 
Pseudanabaena catenata,    Schizothrix arenaria, 
Pseudanabaena galeata,  Schizothrix atacamensis, 
Pseudanabaena 3&& Schizothrix calcicola, 
Pseudomonas,    
Pseudomonas aeruginosa,    Schizothrix coriacea, 
Pseudomonas pelfectomarina,   Schizothrix fasciculata,   
Pseudotrebouxia,  Schizothrix fasciculata IR semiglobosa, 
3WHULGRSK\WD Schizothrix lardacea, 
Pyrenocollema,  Schizothrix lateritia, 
3\UHQRSVLGDFHDH Schizothrix pelforans, 
Pyricularia oryzae,  Schizothrix pulvinata, 
Pythium torulosum,  Schizothrix rubella, 
Pyura cancellata,  Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, 
Pyura carnea,  Scytonema,  
 
R      
  Plate 25, 31b
Rhizosolenia,  Scytonema %6F\M Plate 32c
 Scytonema crustaceum, 
Rhizosolenia clevei,  Scytonema endolithicum, 
Rhodococcus,  Scytonema hofmanni, 
Rhodomonas lens,  Scytonema hofmanni 87(;  
5KRGRVSLULOODFHDH Scytonema julianum,  
5KRGRVSLULOOXP Scyyonema mirabile, 
Rhopalodia gibba,  Scytonema mirabile %< 
Richelia,  Scytonema myochrous, Plates 2h, 25e
Richelia intracellularis,  Scytonema pseudohofmanni, 
Rivularia,  Scytonema pseudohofmanni %& 
 Plate 16c, 26a, 26c, 26d Selenastrum, 
Rivularia atra,  Plate 26e, 26f Serratia marcensis, 
Rivularia biasolettiana,  Siphonochalina tabernacula, 
Rivularia haematites,  Siphonophycus costatus, 
Rivularia minutula,  6LSKRYLULGDH
5LYXODULDFHDH Plate 26 Skeletonema costatum, 
Romeria elegans,  Snowella, 
Romeria leopoliense,  Snowella atomus, 
Solentia, 
S Sphaerocystis, 
Sphagnum, 
Saccharomyces cerevisiae,  Sphagnum cuspidatum, 
Salmonella,  Spirulina,  
Salmonella typhimurium,     
Sargassum,    Plate 27: VHHDOVRArthrospira
Scenedesmus,   Spirulina fusiformis, 
Scenedesmus brasiliensis,  Spirulina geitleri, 
Scenedesmus protuberans,  Spirulina jenneri IR platensis, 
Schistocerca gregaria,  Spirulina labyrinthiformis,   
Schizothrix,  Spirulina laxissima, 
  Spirulina major, 
Plate 2e, 9e, 23d Spirulina maxima, 
Schizothrix adunca,  Spirulina minosa, 
 2UJDQLVP,QGH[

Spirulina platensis,  Synechococcus '& 

   
Spirulina subsalsa,    Synechococcus '81
 Synechococcus +7) 
Sporobolus virginicus,  Synechococcus 0LDPL%&,,6 
Staphylococcus aureus,  Synechococcus 0LDPL%* 
Staphylococcus xylosus,  Synechococcus 1
Stichococcus,  Synechococcus 1.%* 
Stichococcus bacillaris,  Synechococcus 3&&   
Stigmatella aurantiaca,        
Stigonema,  Synechococcus 3&& 
Stigonema mamillosum, Plate 2i Synechococcus 3&& 
Stigonema minutum,  Synechococcus 3&&  
Stigonema ocellatum,  
6WLJRQHPDWDFHDH Synechococcus 3&&
6WLJRQHPDWDOHV Synechococcus 3&&   
Streptococcus pneumoniae,     
Streptomyces lividans,  Synechococcus 3&&  
Strobilidium hexachinetum,    
6W\ORYLULGDH          
Symploca,        
Synechococcus,   
  
 Synechococcus 5) 
       Synechococcus 55,03 1, 
      Synechococcus 61&O  87(; 
          Synechococcus 6<1  
   Synechococcus 7; 
       Synechococcus 87(;  
         Synechococcus :+  
       Synechococcus :+  
Plate 5e, 5f, 6c, 7, 10c, 13, 14b, 17c, 23f Synechococcus :+ 
Synechococcus aeruginosa,  Synechococcus :+  
Synechococcus bacillaris,  Synechococcus :+
Synechococcus cedrorum,   Synechococcus :+ 
Synechococcus cedrorum 3&&  Synechococcus <FV 
Synechococcus cedrorum 87(;  Synechococcus %* 
Synechococcus elongatus,  Synechocystis,4,      
Synechococcus elongatus 87(; 3&&    
  
Synechococcus gaarderi,  Synechocystis aquatilis, 
Synechococcus leopoliensis,  Synechocystis '81 
Synechococcus leopoliensis 6$*   Synechocystis 3&& 
Synechococcus lividus,  Synechocystis 3&&   
       
Synechococus lividus +7)
Synechococcus minervae, 
Synechococcus nidulans, 
Synechococcus plancticus, 
Synechococcus vulcanus,  
Synechococcus $7&&  
Synechococcus &
Synechococcus &
     
         
  
       
 
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Tetrahymena,  W
Tetrahymena pyriformis, 
Tetraphycus bistratosus,  Wollea, 
Tetrarcus ilsteri, Plate 12f Woronichinia, 
Thalassiosira weissflogii, 
Theonella swinhoei,  X
Thermothrix, 
Thermotogu maritima, 
Xenococcus, 
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, 
Xenococcus acervatus, 
Thiobacillus neopolitanus, 
Xenococcus kerneri, 
Thiocapsa,  Plate 17b
Thiocapsa roseopersicina, 
Tilapia,  Z
Tolypothrix, 
Tolypothrix brevis,  Zamia, 
Tolypothrix byssoidea,   Zamia skinneri, 
Plate 1c Zea mays, 
Tolypothrix byssoidea + Zygnema, 
Tolypothrix tenuis, Plate 2g Zymomonas mobilis, 
Tortunema, 
Trebouxia, 
Tremella, 
Trentepohlia, 
Tribonema, 
Trichodesmium, 
 
   
Trichodesmium erythraeum, 
Trichodesmium thiebautii, 
 Plate 10a, 10b
Trichodesmium ,06 
Trichormus, 
Trichormus azollae, 

Umezakia natans, 

Urotricha, 

Veteronostocale, 
Veteronostocale amoenum, 
Vibrio fischeri, 
Vibrio harveyii, 
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, 
Vitreoscilla, 
9ROYRFDOHV
Vorticella, Plate 14c
Vorticella aquadulcis, 
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