Lec-2: Effect of In-feed on Reach Settings

of Distance Protection | Distance Protection

YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=oAqN9zod6e8&list=PLTMjDkUVSoJZTvjJIlwabe3EjO57h87Y8&index=2
Effect of in feed on reach setting of Zone 1, Zone 2 & Zone 3 will be discussed.

Effect of In Feed on Reach Setting:

When Infeed not available the relay measured the impedance as ZMN+ZNF
However, when there is some infeed amount the impedance will change. There will be some
additional impedance as mentioned above.
This additional impedance creates many problems in relay settings.
Due to this additional impedance total fault impedance will increase and relay may see a Zone 1
fault as Zone 2 or Zone 2 fault as Zone 3 and may have unintentional delay in operation. In
some cases it may see Zone 3 fault as out of Zone fault and relay may not operate.
Effect in Zone 1:
However, this Infeed has no effect on Zone 1, because Zone 1 is 80% of the principal line. So
Zone 1 has no effect on its reach setting.
Effect in Zone 2:
For Zone 2 reach the infeed impedance may increase the impedance and Relay may consider it
as Zone 3 reach and fault clearing may be delayed.
To avoid is Zone 2 setting is made under reach, however, it cannot be under reached more than
Bus N in the example, because infeed is started from Bus N.
So due to infeed Zone 2 under reaches to the Bus instead of 120% of the Principal Line.
Effect in Zone 3:
In Zone 3 the additional impedance has more effect. Zone 3 setting consists of Principal line &
adjacent line full coverage. Due to this additional impedance Zone 3 may enter into Load
Encroachment area.
Zone 3 must set accordingly to the infeed amount. With stronger infeed the Zone becomes
larger-load encroachment problem would happen.