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GPS System 500: Technical Reference Manual
GPS System 500: Technical Reference Manual
www.leica-geosystems.com
AT504 Antenna
• Flexibility / no downtime of
GPS Receiver. A PC Card can
be removed from a receiver
when it is full and replaced with
a spare. The Receiver does not
have to be taken back to the office
for downloading.
Set up on Tripod
Set up on Unipole
Assumptions
1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting.
If using stub and GAD 31 adapter, procedures may
vary slightly.
2. GPS Antennas are AT501 or AT502. Procedures/
setup may vary if AT503, 504 or single frequency
choke ring are used.
Assumptions
1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting.
If using stub and GAD 31 adapter, procedures may
vary slightly.
2. GPS Antennas are AT501 or AT502. Procedures/
setup may vary if AT503, 504 or single frequency
choke ring are used.
Assumptions
1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting.
If using stub and GAD 31 adapter, procedures may
vary slightly.
2. Aluminium poles are used. You may replace them
with their Carbon Fiber equivalents without any
change to these instructions.
Assumptions
1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting.
If using stub and GAD 31 adapter, procedures may
vary slightly.
2. Aluminium poles are used. You may replace them
with their Carbon Fiber equivalents without any
change to these instructions.
Assumptions
1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting.
If using stub and GAD 31 adapter, procedures may
vary slightly.
2. Aluminium poles are used. You may replace them
with their Carbon Fiber equivalents without any
change to these instructions.
9. 2, GEB121 Batteries 5
10. SR510, 520 or 530 GPS Re-
ceiver 10
11. MCF XMB-3 PCMCIA flash card
11
7
6
Assumptions
1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting.
If using stub and GAD 31 adapter, procedures may
vary slightly.
2. Standard Radio modem is used. (Mounted in Radio
Housing).
Assumptions
1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting.
If using stub and GAD 31 adapter, procedures may
vary slightly.
2. Standard Radio modem is used. (Mounted in Radio
Housing).
Assumptions
1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting.
If using stub and GAD 31 adapter, procedures may
vary slightly.
2. Aluminium poles are used. You may replace them
with their Carbon Fiber equivalents without any
change to these instructions.
Assumptions
1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting.
If using stub and GAD 31 adapter, procedures may
vary slightly.
2. Aluminium poles are used. You may replace them
with their Carbon Fiber equivalents without any
change to these instructions.
Assumptions
1. GPS Antenna is mounted directly using screw fitting.
If using stub and GAD 31 adapter, procedures may
vary slightly.
2. Aluminium poles are used. You may replace them
with their Carbon Fiber equivalents without any
change to these instructions.
9. 2, GEB121 Batteries 5
10. SR510, 520 or 530 GPS Re-
ceiver 10
11. GAT1/GAT2 Radio Antenna 12
12. Radio Modem in GFU5/6 Hous- 13
ing
13. MCF XMB-3 PCMCIA flash card 7
6
5
6
L
Assumptions
1. A RTK reference is set up, pre-programmed according
to chapter 5.3 and running according to chapter 7.3.
2. A RTK rover is prepared and pre-programmed
according to chapter 5.4.
3. The same type of radios are used on reference,
repeater and rover station.
4. The radio modem at the repeater station is
programmed to repeater mode.
5. All radio modems at reference, repeater and rover
operate on the same frequency.
6. The reference and rover receivers run standard
firmware 3.00 or higher.
0.0345m
MRP
MRP
The Mechanical Reference Plane is the underside of the The Mechanical Reference Plane is the underside of the
threaded metal insert. Preamplifier Housing. The AT504 is built to a JPL design
specified by the IGS for Reference Stations. The Me-
AT503 chanical Reference Plane is always referred to as the
Bottom of Preamplifier or BPA by the IGS.
MRP 0.1501m
1. Pillar Setup
VO Vertical Offset
VR Vertical Height Reading
VE1 Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L1.
VE2 Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L2
MRP MRP Mechanical Reference Plane
VE1 VE2
VO=0
Although an AT501/502 Antenna is shown, the same principles apply to the
AT504 and AT303.
VR The Vertical Height (VR) value is measured from the pillar benchmark to the
Mechanical Reference Plane of the Antenna. As there is no accessory avail-
able to measure the Vertical Height in this case, it is usually obtained through
levelling. Refer to the details on the next page for help in measuring the
Vertical Height.
The Vertical Offset is not required in this case and therefore is input as zero.
The Vertical Phase Center Eccentricities are stored in the Receiver for all
Leica System 500 Antennas and any non-Leica Antenna that you define. As
long as the correct antenna is chosen there is no need to enter any value into
the Receiver. These values do need to be calculated when a new type of
Antenna that does not exist in the Antenna Setup Records is used.
109
Reference Plane.
99.7
145.5
145.5
36.5
36.5
The Vertical Height Reading (VR) value is measured using the Height Hook.
The Vertical Offset (VO) value is stored in the Antenna Setup record and for a
Tripod Setup with the Height Hook as shown is 0.36m. This will need to be
measured if you are entering a new Antenna Setup Record without using the
Height Hook. There are two methods for mounting Leica Antennas - using a
VR GRT46 with a 5/8 inch screw or using a GRT44 with stub and a GAD31 stub to
screw adapter. The VO value remains constant whichever setup is used.
The Vertical Phase Center Eccentricities are stored in the Receiver for all
Leica System 500 Antennas and any non-Leica Antenna that you define. As
long as the correct antenna is chosen there is no need to enter any value into
the Receiver. These values do need to be calculated when a new type of
Antenna that does not exist in the Antenna Setup Records is used.
The Vertical Height Reading (VR) value fixed at the height of the pole. With a
standard Leica System 500 pole this is 2.0m. There are two System 500 upper
pole halves. One has a 5/8 inch screw - the Antenna screws on directly. The
VR other has a stub and uses a GAD31 stub to screw adapter. Whichever pole
type is used, the height remains at 2.00m. Additional 1.00 m pole sections
maybe easily added or subtracted. In some special cases where the lower half
of the pole alone is used, the height will be 1.00m.
The Vertical Phase Center Eccentricities are stored in the Receiver for all
Leica System 500 Antennas and any non-Leica Antenna that you define. As
long as the correct Antenna is chosen there is no need to enter any value into
the Receiver. These values do need to be calculated when a new type of
Antenna that does not exist in the Antenna Setup Records is used.
VO Vertical Offset
HO Horizontal Offset
SR Slope Height Reading
HO VE1 Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L1.
VE2 Vertical Phase Center Eccentricity for L2
VE2 VE1 MRP
-VO
MRP Mechanical Reference Plane
Antenna Height = √(
√(SR² - HO²) ± VO
Every System 500 Receiver has three Power LED off - Satellite Status
LED indicators that inform the opera- No Power LED off - No
tor of basic Receiver status. The LED Satellites tracked
indicators are located at the top of the
Receiver and are only visible when
the TR500 Terminal is not attached.
The top LED gives power information,
the middle gives satellite tracking
information and the lower gives
memory status.
Power LED Satellite Status
green - Power LED flashing
OK green - first
satellite tracked,
position not yet
Power
available
Satellite Tracking
Memory Status
Memory Status
LED flashing
green - Memory
capacity 75% full
on selected
device
Static - the GPS Antenna The number of theoretically visible When an Accuracy Status icon is
should be held stationary. satellites according to the current displayed the number of satellites
almanac are displayed. currently used for the position compu-
tation are shown. Satellites that are
Moving - The GPS Antenna
tracked but with a poor signal quality
may move. When the Track Mode is set to
are not shown.
MaxTrak this will be indicated
with a little “T” being added to
The Position Mode is governed by the
the icon. When no Accuracy Status icon is
type of operation defined in the
displayed the number of tracked
Configuration.
satellites are shown, irrespective of
the signal quality.
Radio Transmitting (blinks) The GSM phone is connected Internal Memory selected
to the network.
Radio Receiving (blinks) PC-Card selected
If this icon blinks, the GSM phone is
either trying to connect to or discon-
If two radio modems are being used Safe to remove PC-Card
nect from the network.
simultaneaously, the icon will alter-
nate between each modem. Memory level Indicator. Has 12
levels between:
Memory Full
The Receiver is recording raw Will appear when Auto Position The local date can be set to display
GPS observations in Recording has been activated in the either 12 or 24 hour clock.
Stationary mode. The Configuration Set.
Receiver should be held
stationary.
Positions are being recorded
The Receiver is recording raw according to distance.
GPS observations in Moving
mode. The Receiver may Positions are being recorded
move. according to time.
Battery empty
Alternatively you can move down the Press the right or left cursor key to Pressing SHIFT will reveal HOME
list item by item using the cursor cycle through the choices or press (F2), END (F3), PG UP (F4) (Page
keys. ENTER to make the drop down box Up) and PG DN (F5) (Page Down)
appear. keys. You may also use these keys to
Pressing Shift will reveal HOME (F2), scroll up and down the list.
END (F3), PG UP (F4) (Page Up) and
PG DN (F5) (Page Down) keys. You
may also use these keys to scroll up
and down the list.
Vert Offset - Displays the vertical To select an antenna setup, highlight Most Static and Rapid Static Surveys
offset defined in the Antenna setup Ant. Name and press ENTER to or Reference Stations are carried out
(Ant Name). open the drop down box. All of the using a tripod or pillar setup.
existing antenna setups are listed.
Deflt Hgt - Displays a default height When a factory default tripod setup is
for the Antenna setup. This is of little chosen, the Vertical Offset is auto-
use for Static or Rapid Static applica- matically set at 0.36m. You will only
tions where the Antenna height differs need to measure the height with the
with each setup. height hook when setting up over a
point.
Select the coordinate system that you When you have set the parameters
wish to use. press CONT (F1) to return to the
CONFIGURE\Position screen.
Use NEW (F2) to define a new
coordinate system. Use EDIT (F3) to
edit a coordinate system. Use DEL
Field Procedure - After pressing OCUPY the time or epoch counter will
start. The Stop and Go Indicator percentage value will be shown in brackets
next to this. It will run until STOP is pressed. The observations will not stop
being recorded at 100% automatically. Further information regarding the
STOP & GO indicator is available in STATUS\SURVEY\STOP&GO
Indicator.
Height - VDOP
Pos - HDOP
Pos + Hgt - PDOP
Coord Sys - Defines the name of the You can configure the way in which Pos + Hgt + Time - GDOP
new coordinate system. information is presented when sur-
veying. OCUPY Counter - Defines how the
Further information about Coordinate length of time spent occupying a point
Systems is given in Chapter 11. Format Grid - The format of grid is displayed. Select from Time -
coordinates if they are being used. normal time or Observations - the
When you have set the parameters number of observations recorded.
press CONT (F1) to return to the Format Geodetic - The format of
CONFIGURE\Position screen. geodetic coordinates if they are being
used.
When using EDIT (F3) the same
descriptions apply. Quality Type - The way in which the
quality of a position is displayed in the
Press CONT (F1) to return to the Main Survey screen. This is Hard-
CONFIGURE\Position screen. wired to DOP for Post-processed
Kinematic Configurations.
OCUPY Button
Pressed and Point
Plan View Coordinates
OCUPY Button interpolated based
Pressed and Point on Epochs 4 and 5
Coordinates
interpolated based
on Epochs 2 and 3
Requirement - You are completing a survey where you will require many different point IDs. Most point IDs will
need an incrementing number behind the text. The first points you measure will need the point ID
“Bolt ###”.
Field Proc - Within the Survey panel, the first point will
automatically show the Point Id “Bolt 001” upon
pressing STORE, the next Point Id will automatically
show “Bolt 002”.
Note: Should you wish to store any new point Id as a template into the “library” then access the
CONFIGURE\ ID Templates panel (CONFIG, 1 Survey, 5 Point Id Templates) and then press
CONT (F1). The point Id currently in use is now stored as a template.
Requirement - You are completing a survey where you need only one point ID that needs an incrementing number
behind the text. These points will need the point ID “Point####”. However you will also survey
some individual points that will need unique point Ids.
Field Proc - Within the Survey panel, the first point will
automatically show the Point Id “Point0001”. Upon
pressing STORE, the next Point Id will
automatically show “Point0002”.
Field Proc You now wish to survey one individual point and give
(cont) - it the point ID “BM98”. In the Survey panel, enter this
point ID. Survey this point and upon pressing
STORE, the next point Id will revert back to
“Point0002”.
Note: Numerical characters in front of any text will also increment. This allows any type of
incrementing point Ids to be created.
The Advanced Mode contains certain Position Note that the details that are
extra configurable options that may In addition to the functionality given in displayed depend upon the type of
be required for specialized Standard mode, details about the transformation used. Certain types of
applications. chosen coordinate system are given. transformation do not use all of the
described parameters to calculate
Select Advanced in local coordinates.
CONFIGURE\Operation Mode.
Settings -
Field Procedure - At the point you wish to measure, place and level the
pole on the point. Press OCUPY. The point will be recorded and stored
automatically as soon as the set number of observations are recorded. Note
that the Point Id must be correctly defined and any code (if required) se-
lected BEFORE OCUPY is pressed due to Auto Store being set to YES.
The Advanced Mode contains extra Position Note that the details that are dis-
configurable parameters that may be In addition to the functionality given in played depend upon the type of
required for certain specialized Standard mode, details about the transformation used. Certain types of
applications. chosen coordinate system are given. transformation do not use all of the
described parameters to calculate
Select Advanced in local coordinates.
CONFIGURE\Operation Mode.
If Leica Data Format is selected, you Time Slicing - Activates time slicing.
Data Format - There are two extra may select different rates for the raw If set to Yes, two more lines become
formats available for RTCM. You data transmission (Data Rate), the available.
have the possibility to output both rate at which the reference coordi-
Code corrections together with raw nates are output (Coord Rate) and Used Ref Stations - Set the number
GPS data or high-precision phase the rate at which Reference Station of reference stations in use. You can
corrections by selecting the options information (Point Id, etc.) is output have up to 4 reference stations from
RTCM 1, 2, 18, 19 or RTCM 1, 2, 20, (Info Rate). where RTK messages are sent.
21.
In addition to the configuration op- Time Slot - The time slot represents
Also, the extra key RATES (F3) is tions in the standard mode, pressing the actual time delay. The number of
available. REF (F6) enables you to configure time slots is the number of reference
Time Slicing. Time Slicing is the stations in use. The time delay equals
RATES enables different messages possibility to send RTK messages 1 sec devided by the total number of
to be output at different rates. delayed. This is required when RTK reference stations. If two reference
messages from different reference stations are used, the number of time
stations are sent on the same radio delay is 0.50.
Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 125 5. Configuring the Receiver
Therefore, the time slots are at 0.00 Logging
sec and at 0.50 sec. With three In addition to the functionality given in
reference stations, the time delay is Standard mode, you can also specify
0.33. The time slots are at 0.00, 0.33 the observables to be recorded and
and 0.66 sec. access further functionality via the
FILES (F6) key.
The second Real-Time 2 interface is
completely independent to the Real-
Time 1 interface so that the number Log File Segments - Will split up the
of reference stations and time slots recorded data into files of a specific
can be configured differently. length unless 1 File is selected.
If a time is selected the option Split
Tracks will become available. Select
No will only record data into a new file
if the time is reached and a new track
Observables - Defines what is is observed.
recorded in the raw GPS data.
Extended records extra observables Auto Del Log Files - Will delete the
including the Doppler observable. recorded data after the specified
length of time unless Never is se-
Pressing the FILES (F6) key enables lected.
you to configure further options.
Press CONT (F1) to return to
CONFIGURE\Logging.
Meas Type - Also, enter the means Most Real-Time Rover Surveys are
by which the Antenna height was carried out using the System 500
measured. For Real-Time Rover pole. When a factory default pole
operations this will usually be Verti- setup is selected, (AT501 Pole/AT502
cal. Pole) the Vertical Offset is set
automatically at zero and the Deflt
To select an antenna setup, highlight Hgt at 2.00m. Note that the settings
Ant. Name - Displays and selects the Ant. Name and press ENTER to from the currently highlighted antenna
currently selected antenna setup. open the drop down box. All of the setup are taken over as suggested
This will normally be AT502 Pole for existing antenna configurations are default values.
real-time Rover operations. listed.
Advice on calculating Antenna
Vert Offset - Displays the vertical Heights and offsets for Leica and
offset defined in the Antenna setup non-Leica Antennas is given in
(Ant Name). Chapter 2.15.
Deflt Hgt - Displays a default height Use the EDIT (F3) key to edit the
for the Antenna configuration. If the highlighted Antenna configuration.
antenna will always be mounted at a Use the DEL (F4) key to delete an
fixed height (E.g. on a pole or always Antenna configuration.
at the same fixed location), enter the
value. This will normally be 2.00m for
Update Rate - Defines the rate at Use NEW (F2) to define a new
which the position will be updated on coordinate system. Use EDIT (F3) to
the display. edit a coordinate system. Use DEL
(F4) to delete the selected coordinate
Coord Sys - You may also select a system and INFO (F5) to reveal the
coordinate system which will be used type of transformation used.
to display the positions. The WGS84
coordinate system will always be When NEW (F2) is pressed, the
available. You may define other following screen appears.
coordinate systems in Applications
in Determine Coord System (see
section 11.1).
When Distance is selected, a posi- Occupation Settings More details about Normal and
tion will be recorded every time the Instantaneous occupy modes are
distance from the previously recorded given in section 5.2.
point matches the value set in the
Log Every line. You can also define Auto Store - Allows you to automati-
the Quality Info recorded with the cally store a point after the STOP key
point in the same way as when Time has been pressed.
is selected.
Further options are available on this
OCUPY Mode - Sets the way in screen in Advanced mode. See
When Height is selected, a position
which coordinates will be recorded for section 5.4.1 for details.
will be recorded every time the height
a point.
difference from the previously re-
Normal means that the coordinates
corded point matches the value set in
will be recorded using an average of
the Log Every line. You can also
the positions calculated between
define the Quality Info recorded with
pressing OCUPY and STOP. This
the point in the same way as when
helps filter out effects of slight move-
Time is selected.
ment. (E.g. trembling hands).
Press CONT (F1) to return to the
CONFIGURE\Logging screen.
Requirement - You are completing a survey where you will require many different point IDs. Most point IDs will
need an incrementing number behind the text. The first points you measure will need the point ID
“Bolt ###”.
Field Proc - Within the Survey panel, the first point will
automatically show the Point Id “Bolt 001” upon
pressing STORE, the next Point Id will automatically
show “Bolt 002”.
Note: Should you wish to store any new point Id as a template into the “library” then access the
CONFIGURE\ ID Templates panel (CONFIG, 1 Survey, 5 Point Id Templates) and then press
CONT (F1). The point Id currently in use is now stored as a template.
Requirement - You are completing a survey where you need only one point ID that needs an incrementing number
behind the text. These points will need the point ID “Point####”. However you will also survey
some individual points that will need unique point Ids.
Field Proc - Within the Survey panel, the first point will
automatically show the Point Id “Point0001”. Upon
pressing STORE, the next Point Id will
automatically show “Point0002”.
Field Proc You now wish to survey one individual point and give
(cont) - it the point ID “BM98”. In the Survey panel, enter this
point ID. Survey this point and upon pressing
STORE, the next point Id will revert back to
“Point0002”.
Note: Numerical characters in front of any text will also increment. This allows any type of
incrementing point Ids to be created.
Diff Check - Possible options to ID Pos - Sets the position of the Point
check the difference between the Id.
design coordinates and the staked
coordinates are by Height only,
Position only, Pos + Hgt or not to
check the difference at all (None).
The Advanced Mode contains extra Position Geoid Model - The name of the
configurable parameters that may be In addition to the functionality given in geoid model used is displayed.
required for certain specialized Standard mode, details about the
applications. chosen coordinate system are given. CSCS Model - The name of the
CSCS model used is displayed.
Select Advanced in
CONFIGURE\Operation Mode. Note that the details that are
displayed depend upon the type of
transformation used. Certain types of
transformation do not use all of the
described parameters to calculate
local coordinates.
Due to the nature of GPS, the height In kinematic surveys, this fact results By applying the filter, the height
is the weakest part in GPS measure- in height variations of a few centime- variations are smoothed and most of
ments. Height information can only ters as shown in the blue curve. the noise in height component is
be received from satellites above the Some GPS monitoring applications, eliminated. In the diagram below,
antenna. Signals from the satellites however, require a stabilised height. smoothed heights are shown in red.
of the other half of the orbits are
blocked off by the earth.
Therefore, the GPS heights are less
“stabilised” than the positions where
information all around the horizon is
available.
The options are None, Permanent or The format for seismic records is
New For Each Point. If permanent is given in Appendix C.
chosen a default EAO can also be
entered. Press CONT (F1) to complete the
configuration.
If None is chosen it will not be
possible to enter an EAO during the
measurement of hidden points.
Whole Jobs can then be downloaded Select Job and press ENTER.
to and uploaded from SKI Pro. Jobs
are downloaded to SKI Pro for post-
processing operations or for data
transfer to a further program (such as
a GIS). Points contained within Jobs
that are uploaded can be used for
Real-Time Stakeout operations.
SR510 ✓ ✓
SR520 ✓ ✓ ✓
SR510 with
RTCM2.0 ✓ ✓ ✓
option
SR520 with
RTCM2.0 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
option
SR530 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
The Main Survey Panel appears. The Moving Icon is displayed at this
point. This indicates that the Antenna
can be moved around and that no
Static Observations are being
recorded.
It will be possible to add a starting Initially, the time displayed in Start Measuring procedure without
time for a point occupation if auto Time is the current time with the starting time
occupy has been set to Timed in the seconds rounded to zero. Press the OCUPY (F1) key to begin
Occupation Settings of the recording observations. The icon
Configuration Set. Enter the time in Start Time in changes to a tripod, indicating that
hours:minutes:seconds. the Receiver should remain
stationary.
When the Advanced Mode is Adding Point Annotations Adding Meteorological Data
selected, the ADD (F5) key is Point Annotations may be used as an Meteorological data may be required
available. electronic notepad where events, when very precise work is being
notes etc. may be written. They are carried out or when very different
This key can be used to add Point then taken with the Point Id weather conditions exist between the
Annotations, and Meteorological information into SKI-Pro. Rover and Reference. This data will
Data. not be used by SKI-Pro but may be
To add Point Annotations, select exported in RINEX format from SKI-
Point Annotations from the list and Pro and used in a scientific
press CONT (F1). processing software that accepts
meteorological data for tropospheric
modelling.
The Main Survey screen appears. This will always be the case when
using a SR510. SR520 and SR530
users may set the static initialization
parameter to NO and perform
initialization on the fly.
To break the auto numbering press The only time when the Antenna
Shift INDIV (F5) and enter an height will not remain constant is
individual Point Id. After this point has when a Static Initialization is carried
been stored it will return to the out on a Tripod and the Antenna is
previously suggested Point Id. then transferred onto a pole. In this
case, measure the Antenna height on
If you define a Point Id Template in the Tripod, add the offset (with a
the Configuration Set you have even height hook this is 0.36m) and enter
more flexibility to automatically define Usually, in post-processed kinematic it. Then, after pressing STOP (F1) to
your Point Id’s. surveys the Antenna will be mounted finish the initialization, the Moving
on a pole and therefore the height will Antenna height specified in the
Further information about Point Id remain constant. When an AT501/502 Configuration Set will be used for the
Templates and two working examples Antenna is used together with a moving part of the Kinematic chain.
are given in Chapter 5.2. System 500 pole, the Antenna Height
is 2.00m. This may have been
specified as the default height in the
Configuration Set.
The code is stored along with the The CODE (F4) key will be available.
Point Id information. Press this key to access the codelist.
To select the code: It will be possible to add a starting Initially, the time displayed in Start
1. Use the left or right cursor keys to time for a point occupation if auto Time is the current time with the
cycle through the code list. occupy has been set to Timed in the seconds rounded to zero.
or Occupation Settings of the
2. Press ENTER and select the code Configuration Set. Enter the time in Start Time in
from the list. hours:minutes:seconds.
or
3. Type in the first few characters of
the code until the desired code is
displayed.
The exact measuring procedure Measuring with Static Initialization As soon as this key is pressed the
varies depending upon which without starting time moving part of the chain will begin
Receiver you are using and the If you have selected to perform a and observations recorded at the
Configuration Set. static initialization, press OCUPY (F1) predefined rate. You may move along
as soon as you are ready. The static the course you wish to record.
When using an SR510, you must initialization will begin. The Receiver
perform a Static Initialization before needs to be kept perfectly steady When carrying out a post-processed
commencing the moving part of the during this time. For this reason, it is kinematic survey where a static
survey. The option to do this is advised to use a quickstand or to initialization has been performed, the
activated in the Configuration Set. mount the sensor on a tripod for the Receiver will automatically monitor
When using a SR520 or SR530, you initialization period. the number of satellites tracked. If at
may also perform a Static Initialization any time this number falls below 4,
if required although there is not The initialization may be thought of as observation recording will stop and a
strictly any need to do so. When a Rapid Static point. You will need to message will show on the screen
using the SR520 and SR530, the measure for several minutes, the informing you that the satellite count
normal way to work will be to initialize exact time being determined by the has fallen below 4 and you must
on the fly. No Static Initialization is baseline length (distance between reinitialize. You must then perform the
then required. rover and reference). The exact time static initialization again.
required may be shown using the
Stop and Go Indicator.
Once the point is stored, again the If Log Auto Positions is set to YES When the Advanced Mode is
OCUPY (F1) key becomes available in the CONFIGURE\ Logging screen selected, the ADD (F5) key is
and the start time line is shown with the Auto (F3) key is available in the available.
the current time and the seconds main Survey screen.
rounded to zero.
Auto (F3) can be used to switch to This key can be used to add Point
the mode for measuring Auto- Annotations, Meteorological Data and
Positions in the Auto-Pos panel. Hidden Points.
Measure and input the Antenna To activate the Single Point position-
Height (Ant Height). When using a ing, press SPP (F6).
Tripod this will be measured using the
Height Hook.
As soon as data is received from the Then press the OCUPY (F1) key.
Reference, and the Rover itself is
tracking sufficient satellites, the Then according to what has been set
ambiguity resolution process will in the Occupation Settings, press
begin. This processes the data and STOP (F1) and STORE (F1).
calculates the baseline from Refer-
ence to Rover to within 1-5 cm. When working with DGPS (code only)
corrections, the accuracy will be
When the ambiguities are resolved, around 0.5-5m. Ambiguity resolution The Point Id is an identifier for a
the Accuracy Status Icon will show will not be attempted. The Accuracy particular point. It also collates all
the position to be between 1 and Status Icon will show between 0.5 measurements made on that point
5cm. and 5m and all other associated data such as
codes, point annotations and meteo-
Additionally, the Coordinate Quality The Coordinate Quality (Quality) in rological data.
(Quality) in the Main Survey screen the Main Survey screen should show
should show between 0.01 and 0.05. between 0.5 and 5.0. If a point Id template has been
configured in the Configuration Set, a
To record a point, place and level the Raw GPS observation data may be Point Id will be suggested. You can
pole, Input the Point Id and Code (if logged during the Real-Time survey overwrite this with a different Id if
required). If configured, you will also with no change to the procedure. required.
be able to enter a start time for the
point occupation. If working in Ad- If no point Id is suggested then enter
vanced mode, use the ADD key to a point Id. By default if the point Id
add point annotations and/or hidden contains any numerical values, these
points. will be incremented by 1.
To break the auto numbering press In this case, measure the Antenna
Shift INDIV (F5) and enter an height on the Tripod and enter it.
individual Point Id. After this point has Then, after pressing STOP (F1) to
been stored it will return to the finish the initialization, the Moving
previously suggested Point Id. Antenna height specified in the
Configuration Set will be used for the
If you define a Point Id Template in moving part of the Real-Time Rover
the Configuration Set you have even work.
more flexibility to automatically define Usually, in Real-Time Rover surveys
your Point Id’s. the Antenna will be mounted on a It will be possible to add a code if a
pole and therefore will remain coding system has been defined in
Further information about Point Id constant. When an AT501/502 the Configuration Set.
Templates and two working examples Antenna is used together with a
are given in Chapter 5.2. System 500 pole, the Antenna Height
is 2.00m. This may have been
specified as the default height in the
Configuration Set.
It will be possible to add a code to a 1. Use the left or right cursor keys to Free Coding
point if a coding system has been cycle through the code list.
defined for use in the Configuration or
Set. 2. Press ENTER and select the code
from the list.
System 500 supports two coding or
methods; Thematical Coding and 3. Type in the first few characters of
Free Coding. The principles of both the code until the desired code is
methods of coding are explained in displayed.
Chapter 8. The Last Code and second last
The Code Name will be displayed for code (2Last Code) that were used
the Point Code that you have are shown.
Thematical Coding chosen. Enter any attributes for the
code using the ATRIB (F4) key. The CODE (F4) key will be available.
Press this key to access the codelist.
The code is stored then along with
the Point Id information.
To select the code: Auto-logged points may also be free- It will be possible to add a starting
1. Use the left or right cursor keys to coded if a corresponding coding time for a point occupation if auto
cycle through the code list. system has been defined. The occupy has been set to Timed in the
or procedure will be the same as with Occupation Settings of the
2. Press ENTER and select the code Occupy Points described above. Configuration Set.
from the list.
or For further information on how to
3. Type in the first few characters of free-code Auto-logged points refer to
the code until the desired code is chapter 7.4.7 Using the AUTO key.
displayed.
Measuring procedure without Note that if code only measurements The Accuracy Status Icon will be
starting time are being used, the ambiguity displayed as follows:
Switch on the instrument. Select resolution process is not required and
Survey. Select a Real-Time Rover therefore will not start.
Configuration Set in which auto
occupy has not been set to Timed in The ambiguity resolution process will
the Occupation Settings. run. When the ambiguities are Additionally, the Coordinate Quality
resolved, the baseline from the should show between 0.01 and 0.05.
During this time, the unit should Reference to the Rover is calculated
acquire satellites and should pick up to between 1-5cm.
the signal from the Reference.
If Log Auto Positions is set to YES AutoPt Id – If no Auto Log Pos Point
in the CONFIGURE\ Logging screen Id template has been chosen the
the Auto (F3) key is available in the default template Time and Date will
main Survey screen. be used. Alternatively a Point Id
template may be defined (see chapter
5.4. Configuring the Receiver for
Real-Time Rover Operations).
The absolute differences for Easting,
Northing and Height can only be Mov Ant Hgt – Sets the Antenna
displayed if the survey is carried out Height when the receiver is in moving
in a local coordinate system. mode. When a standard System 500
pole setup is used, the suggested
An asterisk identifies those which default will be 2.00m.
Auto (F3) can be used to switch to
exceed the threshold settings.
the mode for measuring Auto- Quality – Displays the quality of your
Positions in the Auto-Pos panel. current position.
CONT (F1) returns you to the survey
screen.
Press STORE (F1) to record the If you also wish to measure “normal”
code. Occupy Points whilst still recording Press STOP (F6) to terminate the
auto-logged points press the SURV logging of Auto-Points.
(F3) key to move back to the main
Survey panel.
The INIT (F6) key shows in the main On-The-Fly - Initializes as you are
survey screen and is available in moving with the Antenna. This is the
Advanced Mode. most common and useful method and
is used automatically by default. It
may be used again here after a
successful initialization on the fly as a
quality check.
Static - Initializes using Static. The Select the method you wish to use
Antenna should be mounted either on and press CONT (F1).
the pole with a quickstand or on a
tripod. This method may be used if for When Static and On-the-Fly have
When a Real-Time Rover some reason it is proving difficult to been chosen, the initialization
Configuration Set is chosen, the initialize on the fly and no known point procedure will begin immediately.
Receiver will automatically start the is available.
initialization process as On-the-Fly as When Known Point has been
soon as the conditions are right. Known Point - Initializes on a known chosen you will be prompted to select
point. If you have a point, the the point you wish to use to initialize
INIT (F6) can be used to select the coordinates of which are already on. This point must be contained in
initialization method and also to force accurately known in position and the Job you are working in.
a new initialization. Ensure that the height, you may use it to initialize.
correct Antenna height has been This method is used when it is
entered before starting the proving difficult to initialize on the fly.
initialization.
When the Advanced Mode is Adding Point Annotations Adding Meteorological Data
selected, the ADD (F5) key is Point Annotations may be used as an Meteorological data may be required
available. electronic notepad where events, when very precise work is being
notes etc. may be written. They are carried out or when very different
then taken with the Point Id weather conditions exist between the
information into SKI Pro. Rover and Reference. When carrying
out Real-Time Rover work, it only
To add Point Annotations, select makes sense to input meteorological
Point Annotations from the list and data when recording data for post-
press CONT (F1). processing as well as recording
points in real-time. The
meteorological data should be
This key can be used to add Point entered at distinct points, (not during
Annotations, Meteorological Data and the moving parts). This data will not
Hidden Points. be used by SKI-Pro but may be
exported in RINEX format from SKI-
Press ADD (F5) Pro and used in a scientific
processing software that accepts
meteorological data for tropospheric
You may type in 4 notes with up to 26 modelling.
characters in each note. Press CONT
(F1) when you are finished. Select Meteorological Data from the
list and press CONT (F1).
Press CLEAR (F6) to delete the
content of all fields.
Enter the data and press STORE There are two possibilities for
(F1). The data will be stored with a inputting hidden point data. You may
time tag. During long observation attach a Hidden Point device such as
periods you may need to store Leica Disto memo, Disto pro, DistoTM
several sets of meteorological data as pro4 or DistoTM pro4 a. Or you may
the weather changes. measure to the hidden point using a
tape.
Search for the nearest point to the Survey the point as usual. Radio Down Infill is used when
current sensor position by pressing contact between the Reference and
SHIFT and then NEAR (F2). The Rover is lost and a Real-Time
current sensor position is the position position cannot be calculated. This
at the time when the NEAR key is option is set in the Configuration Set.
pressed.
When contact is lost, the ambiguities
will also be lost after a few seconds.
The Accuracy Status Icon will display
a navigated position (<100m).
Stop the search with ABORT (F1). The Quality will be low, (a large
number).
Once the nearest point has been
found, its point ID is automatically Raw GPS data logging will
copied into the Point ID field. automatically commence at a rate of
This can be helpful when it is 1 second after the length of time
necessary to make a second specified in the Configuration Set.
measurement of a previously
measured point. It saves having to
remember and then type in the point
ID.
Stake-Out is the staking out of Switch on. The Main Menu will be From the Main Menu, select Stake-
predetermined points. These points displayed. The system will Out.
may have been surveyed earlier and automatically start searching for
uploaded through SKI Pro, may satellites. If the Receiver is already
already exist in a Job on the Receiver configured as a Real-Time Rover and
or may have been uploaded in an a signal is available from a reference
ASCII file. station, the Receiver will also
automatically start the ambiguity
System 500 offers the possibility to resolution process.
stake out points, slopes and grids.
The following screen will then appear:
Stakeout must always be performed
in Real-Time, normally using a SR530
in order that centimeter level
accuracies can be achieved.
Therefore, a Real-Time Rover type
Configuration Set should always be
used.
Store Pts - The Job where the staked A Short log file will contain the design 1. Point
points are stored. co-ordinates, the “as staked” height Simple point stakeout. Points are
Stake Type - The type of Stake-Out coordinate and the differences in defined as targets and staked from a
operation to be performed. height between the design and staked predefined list. The distance in/out
Antenna - The Antenna setup used, points. and left/right or distance and bearing
defined in the Configuration Set. You are given to the target, together with
may select a different one if required. Use ASCII (F4) - to select whether the cut/fill. Orientation can be made in
Ant Height - The default Antenna you want to stakeout from an ASCII a variety of ways including orientation
Height defined in the Configuration file or from a Job. parallel to a line.
Set. You may enter a different height For more information on staking out
if required. from an ASCII file see section 5.4. 2. Slope
Stake points along a slope. Line is
Use LOG (F3) if you want to generate selected as orientation (no points are
a report file of the staked out points. available as orientation). The cut and
Select between Short, Long or fill are relative to the slope of the line.
None. A report log-file will be stored
on the PC Card or Internal memory in 3. Grid
the ‘Log’ sub-directory. Stake points in the form of a grid
A Long log file will contain the design based on lines. A reference line is
and “as staked” co-ordinates, the defined and the grid built up using
differences in easting, northing and increments along the line and offsets.
height between the design and staked
points and the antenna height.
1
2
5
3
1. Orientation - Defines the direction 3. Range Information - The range to 4. Quality - The quality of your
on which the Range Information (3) is the currently selected point. May be current position.
based. one of two formats:
5. Graphics panel - Shows your
2. Target Point - The current point for Orthogonal - Range In/Out and current position (a cross) relative to
which the Range Information (3) is Offset Left/Right plus Cut/Fill. the Target Point (central circle). The
shown. Polar - Range In/Out and Bearing scale changes depending on your
plus Cut/Fill. proximity to the target.
The Orientation defines a reference Last Pt - The reference direction Line - The reference direction is
direction from which all from which all measurements are parallel to the selected line. Lines
measurements to target points are displayed to Target points is the Last may be defined based on points in
made. Point that was recorded. the Job.
Sun - The reference direction from A new entry field will appear below
which all measurements are Orient. This field will be empty if no
displayed to Target points is the sun. lines are defined. Move to this field
The Receiver contains an almanac and press ENTER to access the line
and can calculate the position of the list box.
sun irrespective of local time or
position.
Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 211 7. Measuring with System 500
The ASCII file is always defined as Start+Endpoint
STK_Line.txt and is stored on the PC Start+Dst+Bg+%
Card or Internal memory in the Data Start+Dst+Bg+H/V
sub-directory. You may write your own Start+Dst+Bg+V/H
line file on the PC and then transfer it Start+Dst+Bg+Hgt
to the PC Card or internal memory.
The file format is given in Appendix D. S - Start - Start point
The list of lines is displayed. If the list E - Endpoint - End point
is empty then there are no lines To define a new line, press NEW D - Dst - Horizontal Distance
defined! Use CONT (F1) to select the (F2). β - Brg - Bearing
highlighted line, New (F2) to define a H - H - Horizontal component
new line, EDIT (F3) to edit an existing V - V - Vertical component
line and DEL-A (F4) to delete all the h - Hgt - Height difference
lines in the list.
% = V/H × 100
Lines are always stored in an ASCII
file, it is not possible to store lines in a
Job.
Input a Name for the Line. Select the
Lines are stored in local grid format. It method to use to define the Line in
is however still possible to define a Type. You may select from:
line with WGS84 Geodetic or
Cartesian coordinates even when
only the WGS84 coordinate system is
being used. The sensor will
automatically use a standard UTM
projection to compute the necessary
grid coordinates.
7. Measuring with System 500 212 Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en
Start+Endpoint Start+Dst+Bg+% Start+Dst+Bg+H/V
The Line is defined between two The line is defined by a start point, a The line is defined by a start point, a
points. horizontal distance and bearing from horizontal distance and bearing from
the start point and a percentage slope the start point and the ratio of
Either: value. horizontal increment over vertical
increment.
1. Enter the coordinates and height Enter/Select LocalE, Local N and
of each point. Ortho Hgt for the start point as Enter/Select LocalE, Local N and
or described in Start+Endpoint. Ortho Hgt for the start point as
2. Use the IMPRT (F3) key to described in Start+Endpoint.
import any point contained in the Enter the horizontal Distance to the
Job you are using. Make sure end point. This end point will be an Enter the horizontal Distance to the
that one of the entry fields for artificial point. If no value other than end point. This end point will be an
the point (start or end point) you zero is given, a default of 100m will artificial point. If no value other than
wish to define is highlighted, be taken. zero is given, a default of 100m will
press IMPRT (F3), select the be taken.
point from the list and press Enter the horizontal Bearing to the
CONT (F1). end point, through which the line Enter the horizontal Bearing to the
passes. end point, through which the line
passes.
Enter the Slope percentage value.
This is defined as described in the Enter the Slope H/V values. These
diagram. are defined as described in the
diagram.
The redraw function is used when This function is available in Advanced The INIT (F6) key is available in
Show Path has been chosen in the mode. If you are staking out and need Advanced mode and is used to select
configuration and the path that you to measure new points, you may do and force a new initialization.
have followed is shown on the graphi- so by pressing the PCKUP (F5) key.
cal area of the display. This brings you into survey mode. In Stake-Out, the initialization will
always be on-the-fly. More details
When moving around in the same about using the INIT key and
area, this graphical area may not initialization on the fly can be found in
refresh. The path may build up section 7.4.8.
obscuring the display.
The nearest point to the current Once the nearest point has been A map of the 30 last measured points
sensor position for staking out can be found, its point ID is automatically can be displayed by pressing SHIFT
found by pressing SHIFT and then copied into the field of the Target and then GRAPH (F3). Each point is
NEAR (F2). The current sensor Point. given a temporary ID between 1 and
position is the position at the time 30.
when the NEAR key is pressed.
Stop the search with ABORT (F1). ID (F5) reveals a list with the tempo-
rary point IDs and the “real” point IDs.
FILT (F6) allows to change the filter Auxiliary points are used as aids
settings for the currently selected Job. when trying to find a stake out point.
More information about filter settings Two auxiliary points are recorded to
can be found in section 11.3. form start and end points of a line.
The chainage and offset or distance
Press SHIFT to reveal REDRW (F4). from each auxiliary point to the target
This redraws the map to the original point is then displayed together with a
scale. sketch. The line AB is displayed together with
the location of the target point.
You may also scroll the map left/right, The auxiliary points can have codes
up/down by using the cursor keys. assigned to them and can also be Chg - The chainage along the line AB
downloaded into SKI Pro. to the target point.
Ofs - The Offset from line AB to the
To start the auxiliary point routine, target point. Negative value = left,
press SHIFT and then AUXPT (F5). positive value = right.
Hgt A/Hgt B - Height difference
Enter a point Id for Point A and record between auxiliary point A/B and the
the auxiliary point in exactly the same target point.
way that you would record any other
point in real-time. Then carry out the Press DIST (F3) to display the
same operation for point B. After distance from each auxiliary point to
pressing STORE (F1) the following the target point instead of the
screen will appear. chainage and offset.
Point is selected as the Stake Type The cross and arrow indicate your
when entering Stake-Out. current position and direction of
moving. The rectangle points to the
The list of Target points are those target point and the triangle to the
contained in the Job or ASCII File. orientation point. The display is only
updated if you are moving faster than
The “as staked” points will always be 50cm/sec. If the rectangle is in one
stored in the Job. You may also line with the arrow you are heading
choose to store the Target points The measurement to the point will be towards the target point.
defined in the ASCII File in the Job. In displayed as Orthogonal or Polar. Use
this way you have the Target points the F2 key to switch between the If you are closer than 500 m to the
and the “as staked” points in one Job. methods. target point your position with respect
to the Target point is shown in an-
To stake out a point, select it from the If you are a 500 meter (or feet) away other graphical display. The scale
Target Point List. Press Enter to from the target point, the graphical shown on the left side of the display
expose a list of all points in the Job. display will look as follows: will change as you get closer to the
See section 11.3 for a description of point. The stages are 500m, 100m,
the useful filters and sorting methods 25m, 5m, 1m and 0.5m. Note that the
which may be helpful when staking a orientation direction is denoted by the
lot of points. A particularly useful filter arrow at the top center. When the
maybe to filter by Points to Stake. Reverse function is activated, this
arrow will appear bottom center of the
graphical display.
If Diff Check has been set to either A check will be performed according Slope Stake-Out has two main
Position only, Height only or Pos + to the Required Coordinate Quality applications.
Hgt in the CONFIGURE\ Stake-Out set in the Configuration. If the point is
screen then the STAKE-OUT\ Occupy within the Required CQ, it will be
Differences panel will be displayed stored and no special messages will
automatically if the differences appear.
exceed the defined Limit.
If however the point is outside the
Diff In/Out - Horizontal distance In/ Required CQ, it may warrant further
Out to the Target Point. investigation.
Diff Left/Right - Horizontal distance
Left/Right to the Target Point.
Diff Cut/Fill - Vertical distance to the
Target Point.
Total Diff - Length of vector from
Target Point to measured point.
Section
S - Startpoint of Slope Line
E - Endpoint of Slope Line
P - Current Position
I/O - Horizontal Distance In/Out to
Start Point
C/F - Vertical Distance Cut/Fill to
S - Startpoint of slope Slope Line
- Transition point to be measured/ - Slope Intercept
staked
Technical Reference Manual-4.0.0en 223 7. Measuring with System 500
The Slope Line is defined and se- Procedure
lected. Proceed along the line. You Slope is selected as the Stake Type
can ensure that you keep on the line when entering Stake-Out.
by observing the Left/Right value and
keeping it at or near zero. Observe
the Cut/Fill value. At the intercept(s) it
will be zero. When you arrive at such
a point, stake it and record it.
Stake-Out starts. Orient is along the
Slope Line only . Details about using
Lines as orientation are given in
section 7.5.4.
The “as staked” points will always be
stored in the Store Pts Job. If staking The measurements In/Out, Right/
from an ASCII file, you may also Left and Cut/Fill are given with
choose to store the Target points respect to the start point of the line.
defined there in the Job. In this way
you have the Target points and the When you reach the required point
“as staked” points in one Job. place the stake.
Grid Stake-Out can be used to stake out grids relative to a The Reference Line is selected or defined. Define the
defined reference line. distance to the first station along the Reference Line, the
Horizontal and Vertical Offsets from the Reference Line.
Define the amount by which the Receiver should incre-
ment.
The first Target Point is the first point in the grid. Proceed
to this point and record it. After this point is recorded, the
next Target point will be shown. Carry on in this fashion
until you reach the end of the row.
The Codelist is then selected for use The Codelists on the Receiver are
in Configuration. displayed. To create a new, empty
Codelist press NEW (F2).
Layers, Codes and Attributes can be The list of existing codes is given.
added to a Codelist. When a Press NEW (F2) to create a new
Thematical Codelist has been se- code.
lected, the CODES (F3) and LAYER
(F5) keys will be available.
Layers, Codes and Attributes can be Press NEW (F2) to create a new
added to a Codelist. When a layer. Input the Layer name and press
Thematical Codelist has been se- CONT (F1).
lected, the CODES (F3) and LAYER
(F5) keys will be available. To activate/deactivate individual
Layers, select the Layer and press
USE (F4) to toggle the Layer on/off.
When a Thematical Codelist has The Code Name will be displayed for ATRIB (F4) - lets you define attributes
been selected for use within a Con- the Point Code that you have cho- for the selected code and add attribute
figuration Set, it will be possible to sen. Enter any attributes for the code values to the choicelist of an attribute.
add a Thematical Code to a point using the ATRIB (F4) key.
when measuring.
The code is stored along with the
Point Id information.
Free Coding is time-based information, Although it is possible to create a Coding Type - Choose Free Coding.
independent of any recorded points. new, empty Codelist on the Receiver
Codelist - Select the codelist from
and then create new Layers, Codes
the list or, to define a new codelist,
Free Coding can be used to generate and Attributes, it is far more practical
press ENTER.
virtually any type of code. Exporting of to create the complete Codelist in
the codes through an Output Mask SKI-Pro Codelist Manager and upload
converts them for use in any type of it to the Receiver.
third party surveying software.
Codelists can be transferred to the
Output Masks are defined in SKI-Pro PC Card or Internal Memory using the
using Format Manager. Some standard Transfer function in SKI-Pro.
Output masks exist, (E.g. for exporting Codelists on the PC Card or Internal
to GSI format), but you are also free to Memory must then be transferred to
The Codelists on the Receiver are
define whichever output mask best the Receiver using the Transfer
displayed. To create a new, empty
suits the format that you usually work function.
Codelist press NEW (F2).
with.
The Codelist is then selected for use
A Free Code consists of a Code in Configuration.
Name, a Description and then up to 20
Information Blocks which may contain
any data you wish to write in them.
Codes can be added to a Codelist. Use the NEW (F2) key to add more
When Free Coding has been se- information blocks.
lected, the CODES (F3) key will be
available. Press CONT (F1) to continue.
Temp - Select the units used for Dirctn Ref - Defines the direction
temperature from Celcius °C or reference or the direction from which
Fahrenheit °F. angles are measured.
Distance - Select from Meters, Int. Pressure - Select the units used for Dirctn Base - Defines the Direction
Feet (International Feet), Int. Feet 1/8 atmospheric pressure from millibar Base as either True or Magnetic.
in (International Feet to 1/8 inch), US (mbar), mm merc (mm Hg), inch When Magnetic is chosen, input the
feet, US feet 1/8 in (US feet to 1/8 merc (inch HG), hectopascal (hPa) current deviation of Magnetic North
inch), Kilometres or Int. Miles or pounds / in² (psi). from True North.
(International Miles).
Use the ANGLE (F6) key to configure
Angle - Select from 400gon, 360° the direction reference and direction
decimal, 360° ‘ “, or 6400mil. Use base for angular measurements.
ANGLE (F6) to define further options
for this unit.
For more information on exporting If the Remote mode is set to Terminal Configure the Remote interface to the
ASCII files using a Format file and a command is sent to the sensor appropriate port and device as
template refer to chapter 13.7 via any serial port the sensor auto- described above. This would nor-
Transfer GSI/ User. matically turns on and switches to mally be Port 2 and RS232 device
remote mode. using the standard System 500
download cable.
If the sensor is to be remotely con-
trolled, highlight the Remote interface Connect the sensor to the PC. Data
and select the Port. Press DEVCE can now be downloaded to the PC
(F5) to select the appropraite device using the Sensor Transfer component
from the list. Normally this will be in SKI-Pro in the normal manner.
RS232.
$PLEIR,EIX,ssssssss,tttttttt,nnnn,cccc,dddd*hh<CR><LF>
Format Content
$PLEIR, Header
EIX, Message identifier = event input “1” or “2”
sssssssss, GPS time of week of event (in msec)
tttttttt, GPS time of week of event (sub msec in nsec)
nnnn GPS week number
cccc Event count
dddd Event pulse count1
*hh Check sum
<CR> Carriage return
<LF> Line feed
1
This is the count of all pulses including those violating the specified time
guard boundary conditions. This allows determination of missed events.
Grade <%> - Grade between the first Slope Dist - Slope distance between
point and the current rover position in the origin point and the current rover
percent. position in local grid. If local grid is
unavailable, local ellipsoidal coordi-
nates are used instead. Should those
not be available either, the WGS84
ellipsoidal coordinates are used.
Logging - Indicates whether raw Use the FILES (F4) key to view Memory Free - The amount of free
GPS data logging is active or not. information about the logged data memory on the current memory
files. device.
StaticObs/Moving Obs - The num-
ber of Static or Moving observations
(epochs) recorded in this interval. The REF (F6) key is available when
Static or Moving Obs are displayed the Receiver is configured as a real-
depending on the current measuring time rover.
mode.
Pressing this key gives information
All Static Obs - The total number of about the logging status on the
static observations (epochs) recorded Current Job - The name of the Reference station.
in the current Job. currently selected Job.
All Moving Obs - The total number # / Size Pts - The number of and
of moving observations (epochs) memory occupied by the points in the
recorded in the current Job. current Job.
Pressing INFO (F5) reveals the time Pressing INFO (F5) reveals the time
at which the code was recorded. and date that the message appeared.
Press cursor down.
The 2-Step approach takes the local 3. 2-Step Transformation: Ellipsoid, Coord Sys - Type in a new name for
ellipsoid and map projection into Projection and a Pre-transformation the new coordinate system.
account and can therefore be used for must be known, Geoid information is
larger areas than 1-Step trans- optional. WGS84 Pts - Select the Job from
formations. Compared to the which the points with WGS84
Classical 3D approach it treats coordinates will be taken.
position and height information
separately, which allows for position Local Pts - Select the Job or ASCII
only control points to be used as well. file from which the points with local
coordinates will be taken.
In order to determine a Coordinate
System, you will require the Use LOCAL (F4) to define the source
coordinates of points in both the of the local coordinates (from Job or
WGS84 and local coordinate system. From the Application Menu, select ASCII).
Depending on the type of Determine Coord System and press
transformation you wish to use, you CONT (F1).
may also need details of the map
projection, local ellipsoid and a local
geoidal model program.
From the COORDSYS\ Type Enter the name of your projection Points from the two systems with the
Selection screen, open the and select the type of projection. same point Id will be suggested for
Projection list. Although the majority of projections matching by default.
are Transverse Mercator, UTM or
Lambert, a variety are available. If you do not wish to match two
points, highlight the point pair
Input the parameters of your concerned and press MATCH (F5).
projection, not forgetting to scroll This key is also used when
down the complete list and enter all determining a 1-Step or a 2-Step
parameters. transformation and you wish to match
the points in height or position only.
Press CONT (F1) to continue.
Press DEFLT (F5) to reveal all of the The next step in the process is to To match a new coordinate pair,
available default projections and US match the common points. press NEW (F2) and select the
State Plane Zones. WGS84 and local point to be
matched.
Select NEW (F2) to enter a new
projection set.
Use NEW (F2) to enter a new Wake- Config Set - Select the Configuration Ant Height - Enter the height of the
up Session. Set which should be used. Antenna above the point.
Use EDIT (F3) to edit an existing Start Date - Enter the date when the # Execute - The number of times that
Wake-up Session. Session should start. you wish to repeat this Wake-Up
session.
Use DEL (F4) to delete an existing Start Time - Enter the Start Time
Wake-up session. when the Session should start. Interval - Appears when # Execute is
set to a value greater than 1. Defines
When NEW (F2) is pressed the Duration - Enter the duration of the the time interval that must elapse
following screen appears. Session. between start times of the different
executions of the Session.
Point Id - If the wake-up session will
be carried out on a known point,
select it from the listbox.
Output:
α - Grid Bearing / Geodetic Azimuth
d - Grid Distance / Ellipsoidal
Distance
- Height Difference
This function enables you to calculate Press COMP (F1) to start the compu-
one or more new points by defining a tation.
start point and entering its distance
and azimuth from the start point.
Enter the start point of the line or Enter a Point Id, change the Height if
press NEWOC (F5) to measure a neccessary. Press STORE (F1) will
new point. Enter the Bearing bring you back to the COGO\ Menu.
(Azimuth), the optional Parallel Offset Input:
and the Horizontal Distance. Instead Alternatively press STAKE (F5) to P1 - Start point of line (E, N, h)
of entering these values manually you switch to the stakeout screen and use α - Bearing (Azimuth)
may calculate them from two existing the coordinates directly for stakeout. d - Horizontal Distance
points by pressing INV (F2).
Output:
P2 - End point of line (E, N, h)
Output:
P2 - First traverse point (E, N, h)
P3 - Second traverse point (E, N, h)
P4 - Third traverse point (E, N, h)
...
Side1 - Side point (E, N, h)
Enter the point 1 of the first circle or Enter a Point Id, change the Height if
press NEWOC (F5) to measure a neccessary and press STORE (F1)
new point. Enter the optional Parallel will bring you back to the COGO\ Input:
Offset and the radius (Distance). Intersection menu. P1 - Centre point of 1. circle (E, N, h)
Enter the values for the second circle. r1 - Radius
Instead of entering the values manu- Alternatively press STAKE (F5) to P2 - Centre point of 2. circle (E, N, h)
ally you may calculate them from two switch to the stakeout screen and use r2 - Radius
existing points by pressing INV (F2). the coordinates directly for stakeout.
Enter the first and the second point Easting, Northing and Height of the
of the line or press NEWOC (F5) to offset point are displayed.
measure new points. Enter the
Distance along the line and the Enter a Point Id, change the Height if Input:
Perpendicular Distance (Offset). neccessary and press STORE (F1) P1 - Start point of line (E, N, h)
Enter a negative Distance if the point will bring you back to the COGO\ P2 - End point of line (E, N, h)
lies behind the start point of the line Offset menu. d - Distance (Chainage)
P1-P2. o - Offset (Perpendicular Distance)
Enter a negative Perp. Dist (Offset) if Alternatively press STAKE (F5) to
the point lies on the left hand side of switch to the stakeout screen and use Output:
the line P1-P2. the coordinates directly for stakeout. P3 - Offset point (E, N, h)
Output:
C1 - Centre point of arc (E, N, h)
r - Radius
Output:
P - New point on arc (E, N, h)
Select the application program you The self test will test the chosen
wish to activate and then enter the memory device for bad sectors or
security code supplied by Leica corrupted data and report on the
Geosystems when you purchased result.
the option.
Select From where you wish to Select From where you wish to
transfer the Job. The device To which transfer the Configuration Set. The
the Job will be transferred will auto- device To which the Configuration Set
matically selected. will be transferred will be automati-
The following screen appears. cally selected.
Job - Select the Job to be trans-
ferred. Press ALL (F3) to select all Config Set - Select the Configuration
the Jobs. Set to be transferred. Press ALL (F3)
to select all the Configuration Sets.
MORE (F6) enables you to define
which data to transfer. Select from
Points and Obs, Points only or Obs
only.
Select From where you wish to Select From where you wish to Select From where you wish to
transfer the Coordinate System. The transfer the Antenna Info Record. The transfer the Codelist. The device To
device To which the Coordinate device To which the Antenna Info which the Codelist will be transferred
System will be transferred will be Record will be transferred will be will be automatically selected.
automatically selected. automatically selected.
Codelist - Select the Codelist. Press
Coord Sys - Select the Coordinate Antenna - Select the Antenna Info ALL (F3) to select all the Codelists.
System to be transferred. Press ALL Record. Press ALL (F3) to select all
(F3) to select all the Coordinate the Antenna Info Records.
Systems.
The reason to convert an ASCII file to Example for an ASCII file in GSI8 format:
a job is mainly for Stake Out. When
staking points there are many advan-
110001+00000015 81..00+64340360 82..00+52962354 83..00+00000689 71....+000sheep
tages to stake out points stored in a
72....+000black 73....+0000DEAD 74....+23102001 75....+0011h02m
job rather than staking from an ASCII
file. For example, points stored in a
job can be filtered and sorted, indi-
vidual points can be found more
quickly and so on.
The ASCII file may be in a simple The converted points will be added attributes are attached to the point in
Format (e.g. Pt Id, East, North, to the Job database. Points are the GSI file, the program then
Height) or in GSI8 or GSI16 format always imported with the point class performs a subsequent check. It
(e.g. Pt Id, East, North, Height, Code, controll. If a point already exists in prompts when a code or attribute
Attributes). In all cases, the imported the database with the point class value is different.
height can be selected to be controll, the program will prompt you
orthometric or ellipsoidal. Codes and to overwrite it or not. If a point
attributes can be imported with GSI8 already exists in the database with
and GSI 16. This is restricted to the point class measured, the
thematical coding, which uses WI71 program will prompt you to add the
for code IDs and WI72 to 79 for point that is to be imported as
attribute values. controll point. If this is answered with
yes and codes and possibly
Use SHIFT - LHS (F3) to define the If PC-card or Internal has been
GSI coordinate switch. selected as the desired device you
Switch 81/82 - YES activates the have to specify the Destination and
coordinate switch. the File name:
Select From where you wish to Select From where you wish to Version - Select the firmware version
transfer the Geoid Field File. The transfer the CSCS Field File. The that you wish to transfer.
device To which the Geoid Field File device To which the CSCS Field File
will be transferred will be will be transferred will be Note that for PC Card capacity
automatically selected. automatically selected. reasons, the firmware is available in
separate sections as well as one file.
If you transfer a Geoid Field File If you transfer a CSCS Field File
From the PC-Card To the Sensor From the PC-Card To the Sensor This enables different sections to be
then a Geoid model will be then a CSCS model will be uploaded via the PC Card if the
automatically created. automatically created. complete file will not fit on the PC
Card.
Geoid File - Select the Geoid Field CSCS File - Select the CSCS Field
File. Press ALL (F3) to select all the File. Press ALL (F3) to select all the
Geoid Field Files. CSCS Field Files.
Version - Select the firmware version Version - Select the language version Version - Select the Language File
that you wish to transfer. that you wish to transfer. for the optional Application program.
Almanac - Select the Almanac that Select From where you wish to Select From where you wish to
you wish to transfer. transfer the Account file. The device transfer the CFC Log Mask File. The
To which the Account file will be device To which the CFC Log Mask
transferred will automatically be File will be transferred will be auto-
selected. matically selected.
File – Select the Account file to be Log Mask - Select the Log Mask.
transferred. Up to two files may be Press ALL (F3) to select all the Log
selected on each sensor. Since Mask Files available.
Account files are sensor specific only
the appropriate files will be indicated
to you for selection. Press ALL (F3)
to select both files at once.
A Status Single character field: hhmmss.ss Time Fixed / Variable length field:
A = Yes, Data Valid, Warning Flag Clear hoursminutesseconds.decimal - 2 fixed
V = No, Data Invalid, Warning Flag Set digits of hours, 2 fixed digits of
llll.ll Latitude Fixed / Variable length field: minutes, 2 fixed digits of seconds and
degreesminutes.decimal - 2 fixed digits a variable number of digits for decimal-
of degrees, 2 fixed digits of minutes fraction of seconds. Leading zeros are
and a variable number of digits for always included for hours, minutes
decimal-fraction of minutes. Leading and seconds to maintain fixed length.
zeros are always included for degrees mmddyy Date Fixed length field:
and minutes to maintain fixed length. monthdayyear - 2 fixed digits for
yyyyy.yy Longitude Fixed / Variable length field: month, 2 fixed digits of day, 2 fixed
degeesminutes.decimal - 3 fixed digits digits of year. Leading zeros always
of degrees, 2 fixed digits of minutes included for month, day and year to
and a variable number of digits for maintain fixed length.
decimal-fraction of minutes. Leading Defined Field Some fields are specified to contain
zeros are always included for degrees pre-defined constants, most often
and minutes to maintain fixed length. alpha characters. Such a field is
eeeeee.eee Grid Easting Fixed length field: indicated by the presence of one or
At the most 6 fixed digits for meters more valid characters. Excluded from
and 3 fixed digits for decimal fractions the list of allowable characters are the
of meters. following that are used to indicate
nnnnnn.nnn Grid Northing Fixed length field: other field types: A, a, c, x, hh,
At the most 6 fixed digits for meters hhmmss.ss, llll.ll, yyyyy.yy.
and 3 fixed digits for decimal fractions
of meters.
Port 2, PWR:
Lemo FGG.1B.305.CLCx.xxZ
Event:
Lemo ERN.0S.250.CTL
PPS:
Lemo HGP.00.250.CTL
The following structure refers to PC Cards and Internal Memory. It shows where files are stored for transfer to and from
the System RAM and where data is stored.
Under Type select User and modify ^M Inserts a carriage return and
the remaining parameters. Alterna- send command
tively select a standard modem type ^# Inserts the phone number as
from the list and press SET-U (F5) to defined in GSM Connection
turn this parameters into user param-
eters and then modify them. ^S Bearer Service: Speed (Proto-
col and NetDataRate)
Init 1 and Init 2 - This is the initialisa- ^C Bearer Service: Connection
tion sequenze to initialise the modem. Element
Dial - This is the dialing string used to ~ Inserts a delay of 1/4 second
dial the phone number. A placeholder ^^ Insert character ^
shall be used to insert the phone
number as defined in Modem Con-
nection.
If Channel is set to Auto it will select Bit Error Rate - The bit error rate
an appropriate spot beam from the between 0 and 7.
nearest satellite. If it is set to User
defined you may enter a Channel Information about the connected
number manually. Racal module is displayed.
Press CONT (F1) to close the control Ref Stn ID - 3 digit Racal reference
panel. station ID. If -1 is displayed the
necessary license is not available.
SAPOS is a reference station service Configuration Two different services are available.
available for Germany. RTCM corrections from the closest
reference can be received or your
To make use of this service there are own position can be sent to the
three different options: device which then receives correc-
tions based on a virtual reference
1. SAPOS reference decoder box. station.
Select one of the following Data Press CONT (F1) to close the control
Formats : RTCM 1,2, RTCM 18,19 or panel.
RTCM 20,21.
SMARTgate is a device which has Configuration Press CONT (F1) to return to the
GSM and Radio as well as the CONFIGURE\ Interfaces panel.
functionality of the SAPOS-Box
integrated (see www.navsys.de). The
device is connected to the sensor in
the Leica radio housing.
To make use of the Telemax service Set a R-Time Data to Rover and set Press the RTCM (F6) key to select
you first have to transfer the sensor the Data Format to either RTCM 1,2 the Telemax service in setting
specific Account file to your sensor. A or RTCM 20,21. Telemax to YES. Select the appro-
maximum of two Account files may priate Accountfile, which you have
be transferred to each sensor, e.g. transferred to the sensor before.
one for private and one for non-
private use.
For details on how to transfer such
Account Files refer to chapter 13.15
Transfer Telemax Account File.
PPS Output functionality installed. Powering the MC500 Refer to MC500 Equipment list, Dozer
Event Input functionality installed. The MC500 requires 12VDC power to 2000 Installation and Maintenance
Met / Tilt Interface. be supplied externally, as there is no Guide for cabling options.
Ring Buffer Functionality. option to connect standard
Ground Stud. Camcorder batteries. Please see Front Panel Diagram for
Environmental shock absorbers. cable connection information.
Dust caps for external ports. Turning the MC500 On/Off
Due to the ruggedised housing of the
Data Storage MC500, there is no on/off switch on
The MC500 also comes as standard the front of the sensor.
with a PCMCIA card. This card
enables data to be stored for post- The MC500 can be powered on or off
processing. This card is installed by the TR500 Terminal or by a remote
behind the protective cover. This control command (OWI).
cover should only be removed by an
approved Leica technician. Like the Sr5xx sensors, the MC500
will automatically power itself up and
Outside World Interface (OWI) return to the previous operating mode
External control of the MC500 is after any temporary power failure.
achieved through use of the Outside
World Interface (OWI) message
format from Leica.
Mounting Diagram
The attached diagram shows the
dimensions for mounting the MC500.
OWI Manual
The Leica GIS DataPRO system is composed of both GIS DataPRO Post-processing software
hardware and software components.
GIS DataPRO is used for data collection preparation and
The hardware consists of the GS50 / GS50+ sensor,
data post processing. Please refer to the “Getting Started
TR500 terminal and antenna. This is used in the field to with the GIS DataPRO Office Software User Manual” for
collect and record spatial (position) and non-spatial
more details.
attributes.
To install the GIS DataPRO software:
1. Insert the CD-ROM into the CD drive of your PC.
Hardware 2. Execute the “Setup” command.
GS50 / GS50+
TR500 3. Follow the instructions that appear on the screen.
Leica GIS Antenna Both a hardware and software user manual can be found
DataPRO on the CD in PDF format. The software itself contains a
Software comprehensive online Help System.
GIS DataPRO
The line for configuration of OCUPY The Start-up Configuration allows The GS50 is a L1 code-only DGPS
counter used in the SR510/20/30 configuration of the sensor to either receiver. It uses RTCM data
survey program is removed. This is create a daily job or to create a job messages 1,2 or 9,2 only for data
because there is no such counter in manually. Enter the configuration exchange. The GS50+ uses all
the GIS Data Collection Program. Start-Up with the CONFIG key. RTCM formats as the SR530.
This change applies from chapter 5.1 The standard settings allow
to 5.4. communication with public DGPS
sources. For example, coast guard
world-wide differential signals use the
RTCM 9,2 messages, whereas the
satellite differential service - RACAL
Landstar - uses the RTCM 1,2
message.
Leica Geosystems AG
CH-9435 Heerbrugg
712646-4.0.0en (Switzerland)
Printed in Switzerland - Copyright Leica Phone +41 71 727 31 31
Geosystems AG, Heerbrugg, Switzerland 2002 Fax +41 71 727 46 73
Original text www.leica-geosystems.com