EV Charging Infrastructure

EV infrastructure

REV0219
Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 1
 Types of electric vehicle charging stations ■ As defined by SAE J1772
■ As defined by IEC 61851-1

AC Level 1 AC Level 2 DC Fast Charger

▪ 120 VAC, 1-phase, 12 A, or 16 A max ▪ 208 V-240 VAC, 1-phase, ≤ 80A max. ▪ 380 V-600 VAC, 3-phase input;
continuous current continuous current DC output

Mode 1 (AC) Mode 2 (AC) Mode 3 (AC) Mode 4 (DC)

▪ 250 VAC, 1-phase, ▪ 250 VAC, 1-phase, ▪ 250V AC, 1-phase, 32A max. ▪ AC or DC input supply, cord or permanently
16 A max. -OR- 32 A max. -OR- -OR- connected, w ith control pilot & shock protection
480 VAC, 3-phase, 480 VAC, 3-phase, 480V AC, 3-phase, 32A max.
16 A max. 32 A max.
▪ Permanently connected to AC supply w ith
▪ Cord w ith no pilot or ▪ Cord w ith control control pilot and shock protection
auxiliary pilot and shock
connections protection

▪ It delivers AC pow er from the w all socket to the ▪ It delivers AC pow er from the electrical supply ▪ It delivers DC pow er, bypassing the vehicle’s
vehicle’s on-board charger to the vehicle’s on-board charger on-board charger
▪ It typically takes 8–12 hours* to charge fully ▪ It typically takes 4–6 hours* to charge fully ▪ It typically provides 80% charge of a fully
depleted battery depleted battery depleted battery w ithin 30 minutes*
* The charge time is dependent on the vehicle’s battery capacity and charge acceptance rate Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 2
 Global electric vehicle charging equipment market
EV Charging Equipment, by Type, in 2018 Market Trends and Drivers
DC Wireless
1.8% 0.1% AC Lev el 1 The production of electrified vehicles is increasing: estimated 6 million
7.6% vehicles in 2019, growing to 16 million vehicles in 2023

AC Lev el 2
There is limited charging infrastructure in most regions
90.5%
The production of new EV charging equipment will increase at a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 22% between 2018 and 2026

EV Charging Equipment Forecast The majority of charging occurs at the home or workplace during a
6 span of several hours (AC charging)
5
Million Units

4 There is consumer demand for charging times that emulate fuel refilling
3 time for long-distance trips (DC charging)
2
The voltage and power output of DC chargers is increasing to support
1
fast charging
-
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
Business models are evolving: increase property value; revenue
AC Level 1 AC Level 2 DC Wireless generation
Source: Navigant Research – Market Data: Electric Vehicle Charging Equipment, 2017 Sources: Boston Consulting Group – The Electric Car Tipping Point, 2018;
Navigant Research – Market Data: Electric Vehicle Charging Equipment, 2017; Littelfuse estimates

Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 3

AC charging station
Service Access Panel: User Interfaces:
⚫ Reed or Hall Effect Security Sensor ⚫ TVS Diode Overvoltage Protection
⚫ Diode Array/Polymer ESD Suppressor

AC Input:
⚫ Power Fuse Overcurrent Protection
⚫ Fuse Block Mounting Accessory
Communications:
⚫ NFC Analog Front-End
Auxiliary Power Supply: ⚫ Diode Array/Polymer ESD Suppressor
⚫ Cartridge Fuse Overcurrent Protection
⚫ TMOV/MOV, GDT Surge Protection
⚫ SMPS Buck/Boost Module
⚫ SMPS Opto-isolator Feedback Control
⚫ SMPS Diode/Rectifier Charging Plug:
⚫ TVS Diode Overvoltage Protection ⚫ NTC Thermistor or RTD
⚫ PPTC Resettable Overcurrent Temperature Sensing
Protection
⚫ NTC Thermistor Temperature Sensing

Protect Control Sense

Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 4

 AC charger functional block diagram
Technology Product Series
AC Grid Input AC Output AC Fuse JLLS, JLLN, KLKD
1
1 Fuse Block/Holder LFT, LPSM
Input Zero Sequence Output
Ov ercurrent AC Relay s/ Current
Protection Contactors Current AC Fuse (PCB level) 314, 324, 215, NANO2®
Sensor
Transf ormer
Metal-Oxide Varistor AUMOV, TMOV, UltraMOV

Gas Discharge Tube CG2, CG3

2 6 AK3, AK6, AK10,
Ov er- TVS Diode
Auxiliary LTKAK6, LTKAK10
Controllers Temperature
Power Supply
Protection SIDACtor® Protection
Pxxx0ME, Pxxx0FNL
Thyristor

2 Silicon-Controlled Rectifier
3 4 5 SJ
(active rectification)
Access Panel
Wireless Communication User Interfaces
Sensors Diode DPG, VBExx,
(passive rectification) DST, DSA, DSB
CAN Bus TVS Diode P6SMB, SMBJ

Resettable PPTC miniSMD

Legend:
Power MOSFET PolarTM Power, CPC37xx
Data/Signal
Optical Isolator LOC11x, LIA1xx

Note: Other Littelfuse solutions may be suitable depending

on design-specific requirements.

Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 5

 AC charger functional block diagram
Technology Product Series
AC Grid Input AC Output
NFC Analog Front-End NCD1300
1
Input Zero Sequence Output 3
Ov ercurrent AC Relay s/ Current
Protection Contactors Current
Sensor Diode Array AQ24CAN, SM24CANx
Transf ormer

TVS Diode SMF, SMAJ, SAC

2 6
Ov er- 4
Auxiliary Temperature
Power Supply Controllers
Protection Diode Array SEP0xx, SP402x
Polymer ESD XGD

3 4 5
5 Magnetic Sensor 59060, 59135, 55075, 55100
Access Panel
Wireless Communication User Interfaces
Sensors

setP TM, PPG, USW,

CAN Bus 6 Temperature Sensor
Glass Coated Thermistor

Note: Other Littelfuse solutions may be suitable depending

Legend: on design-specific requirements.
Power
Data/Signal

Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 6

DC charging station
Service Access Panel: Electrical Distribution:
⚫ Reed or Hall Effect Security Sensor ⚫ Power Fuse Overcurrent Protection
⚫ Fuse Block Mounting Accessory
User Interfaces: ⚫ Earth-Fault Protection Relay
⚫ Current Transformer Leakage
⚫ TVS Diode Overvoltage Protection Current Sensing
⚫ Diode Array/Polymer ESD Suppressor
Auxiliary Power Supply:
Communications:
⚫ Cartridge Fuse Overcurrent Protection
⚫ NFC Analog Front-End ⚫ TMOV/MOV, GDT Surge Protection
⚫ Diode Array/Polymer ESD Suppressor ⚫ SMPS Buck/Boost Module
⚫ SMPS Opto-isolator Feedback Control
Power Module: ⚫ SMPS Diode/Rectifier
⚫ Cartridge Fuse Overcurrent Protection ⚫ TVS Diode Overvoltage Protection
⚫ TMOV/MOV, GDT, TVS Diode, ⚫ PPTC Resettable Overcurrent
SIDACtor Surge Protection Protection
⚫ Rectifier Module Power Conversion ⚫ NTC Thermistor Temperature Sensing
⚫ IGBT Power Conversion
⚫ Si or SiC MOSFET Power Conversion Charging Plug:
⚫ Gate Driver Control
⚫ NTC Thermistor or RTD
⚫ Si or SiC Diode Power Conversion
Temperature Sensing
⚫ NTC Thermistor Temperature Sensor
Protect Control Sense

Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 7

 DC charger functional block diagram
Technology Product Series
AC Grid Input Rectifier & Power DC–DC Converter DC Output
Factor Correction
AC Fuse (cabinet level) JLLS, JLLN, LCD
1 4 6 8 606, 504, 505, 314, 215,
Input Transient Ov erload Output AC Fuse (PCB level)
&
Bridgeless, Full Bridge,
& NANO2®
Vienna or Series
Ov erload Short-Circuit
Boost Stage Resonant Gas Discharge Tube CG2, CG3
Protection Protection
1
Metal-Oxide Varistor AUMOV, TMOV, UltraMOV

AK3, AK6, AK10,

2 5 7 9 TVS Diode
LTKAK6, LTKAK10
AC Earth-Fault DC Earth-Fault
Protection Gate Driv ers Gate Driv ers Protection SIDACtor® Protection
Pxxx0ME, Pxxx0FNL
Thyristor

Current Transformer SE-CS30

3 10 2
Ov er-
Auxiliary Temperature AC Earth-Fault Relay SE-704
Controllers
Power Supply
Protection
Silicon-Controlled Rectifier SJ

11 12 13 MOSFET X-Class , X2-Class

Access Panel
Wireless Communication User Interfaces 3
Sensors Optical Isolator LOC11x, LIA1xx

Legend: TVS Diode P6SMB

CAN Bus
Power
Note: Power converter topologies may differ based on design-specific requirements. Data/Signal Resettable PPTC miniSMD

Note: Other Littelfuse solutions may be suitable depending

on design-specific requirements.
Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 8
 DC charger functional block diagram
Technology Product Series
AC Grid Input Rectifier & Power DC–DC Converter DC Output
Factor Correction DMA200X1600NA,
Bridge Rectifier
MDNA240U2200ED
1 4 6 8
Transient Ov erload LSIC1MO,
Input Bridgeless, Full Bridge, Output SiC or Si MOSFET
& & X2-Class Ultra Junction
Vienna or Series
Ov erload Short-Circuit
Boost Stage Resonant IGBT XPT TM, MIXA, MIXG
Protection Protection

4 TVS Diode TPSMx

LSIC2SD, SONIC-FRDTM,
2 5 7 9 Diode
FRED DSE
AC Earth-Fault DC Earth-Fault
Protection Gate Driv ers Gate Driv ers Protection setP TM, USUR1000,
Temperature Sensor
Epoxy Coated Thermistor
High-Speed DC Fuse L50QS, L70QS, L75QS, PSR
3 10
Auxiliary
Ov er- 5 Gate Driver IXDN604, IX4340N, IX332B
Controllers Temperature
Power Supply
Protection LSIC1MO, MCB60P1200TLB,
SiC or Si MOSFET
X2-Class Ultra Junction
TVS Diode TPSMx
11 12 13
Access Panel 6 LSIC2SD, DCG SiC Diode
Wireless Communication User Interfaces Diode
Sensors Module, HiPerFREDTM
setP TM, USUR1000,
CAN Bus Legend: Temperature Sensor
Epoxy Coated Thermistor
Power
Note: Power converter topologies may differ based on design-specific requirements. Data/Signal 7 Gate Driver IXDN609, IX2113, IX332B

Note: Other Littelfuse solutions may be suitable depending

on design-specific requirements.
Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 9
 DC charger functional block diagram
Technology Product Series
AC Grid Input Rectifier & Power DC–DC Converter DC Output
Factor Correction L50QS, L70QS, L75QS, PSR,
DC Fuse
505, 525
1 4 6 8 8
Input Transient Ov erload Output LSIC2SD, SONIC-FRDTM,
Bridgeless, Full Bridge, Output “ORing" Diode
& & FRED DSE
Vienna or Series
Ov erload Short-Circuit
Boost Stage Resonant
Protection Protection
DC Earth-Fault Relay SE-601
9
2 5 7 9 Earth Reference Module SE-GRM
AC Earth-Fault DC Earth-Fault
Gate Driv ers Gate Driv ers
Protection Protection setP TM, PPG, USW,
10 Temperature Sensor
Glass Coated Thermistor

3 10 NFC Analog Front-End NCD1300

Ov er-
Auxiliary Temperature 11
Controllers
Power Supply
Protection Diode Array AQ24CAN, SM24CANx

11 12 13 TVS Diode SMF, SMAJ, SAC

Access Panel 12
Wireless Communication User Interfaces Sensors Diode Array SEP0xx, SP402x
Polymer ESD XGD
CAN Bus Legend:
Power 13 Magnetic Sensor 59060, 59135, 55075, 55100
Note: Power converter topologies may differ based on design-specific requirements. Data/Signal

Note: Other Littelfuse solutions may be suitable depending

on design-specific requirements.
Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 10
Wireless charging system
Power Module:
⚫ Cartridge Fuse Overcurrent Protection
⚫ TMOV/MOV, GDT, TVS Diode,
SIDACtor Surge Protection
⚫ Rectifier Module Power Conversion
⚫ IGBT Power Conversion
⚫ Si or SiC MOSFET Power Conversion
⚫ Gate Driver Control
⚫ Si or SiC Diode Power Conversion
⚫ NTC Thermistor Temperature Sensor
Service Access Panel:
⚫ Reed and Hall Effect Security Sensor
Auxiliary Power Supply:
⚫ Cartridge Fuse Overcurrent Protection
⚫ TMOV/MOV, GDT Surge Protection
⚫ SMPS Buck/Boost Module
⚫ SMPS Opto-isolator Feedback Control
⚫ SMPS Diode/Rectifier
⚫ TVS Diode Overvoltage Protection
⚫ PPTC Resettable Overcurrent
Protection
⚫ NTC Thermistor Temperature Sensing

Electrical Distribution:
⚫ Power Fuse Overcurrent Protection
⚫ Fuse Block Mounting Accessory
⚫ Earth-Fault Protection Relay
⚫ Current Transformer Leakage Current
Sensing
Protect Control Sense

Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 11

 Wireless charger functional block diagram
Technology Product Series
AC Grid Input Rectifier & Power High-Frequency Wireless Power AC Fuse (cabinet level) JLLS, JLLN, LCD
Factor Correction Inverter Transfer
6 606, 504, 505, 314, 215,
1 4 AC Fuse (PCB level)
Transient Output NANO2®
Input Bridgeless, Full Bridge, Impedance Power
&
Vienna or Series Matching Transmission Gas Discharge Tube CG2, CG
Ov erload
Boost Stage Resonant Network Coils
Protection 1 AUMOV, TMOV,
Metal-Oxide Varistor
UltraMOV
AK3, AK6, AK10,
TVS Diode
LTKAK6, LTKAK10
2 5 7 8
Ov er- SIDACtor® Protection
AC Earth-Fault Pxxx0ME, Pxxx0FNL
Gate Driv ers Gate Driv ers Temperature Thy ristor
Protection
Protection
Current Transf ormer SE-CS30
2
AC Earth-Fault Relay SE-704
3 9
Auxiliary Access Panel Silicon-Controlled
Controllers SJ
Power Supply Sensors Rectifier

MOSFET X-Class , X2-Class

10 3
Optical Isolator LOC11x, LIA1xx
CAN Bus Communication Wireless
TVS Diode P6SMB

Resettable PPTC miniSMD

Note: Power converter topologies may differ based on design-specific requirements. Note: Other Littelfuse solutions may be suitable depending
Legend: on design-specific requirements.
Power
Data/Signal

Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 12

 Wireless charger functional block diagram
Technology Product Series
AC Grid Input Rectifier & Power High-Frequency Wireless Power TVS Diode TPSMx
Factor Correction Inverter Transfer
DMA200X1600NA,
1 4 6 Bridge Rectifier
MDNA240U2200ED
Input Transient Output
Bridgeless, Full Bridge, Impedance Power LSIC1MO,
& SiC or Si MOSFET
Vienna or Series Matching Transmission X2-Class Ultra Junction
Ov erload
Boost Stage Resonant Network Coils
Protection
IGBT XPTTM, MIXA, MIXG
4
LSIC2SD, SONIC-FRD TM,
Diode
FRED DSE
2 5 7 8 setPTM, USUR1000,
Ov er- Temperature Sensor
AC Earth-Fault Epoxy Coated Thermistor
Gate Driv ers Gate Driv ers Temperature
Protection
Protection L50QS, L70QS, L75QS,
High-Speed DC Fuse
PSR
IXDN604, IX4340N,
3 9 5 Gate Driv er
IX332B
Auxiliary Access Panel
Controllers LSIC1MO,
Power Supply Sensors
SiC or Si MOSFET MCB60P1200TLB,
X2-Class Ultra Junction
6 TVS Diode TPSMx
10
setPTM, USUR1000,
CAN Bus Wireless Temperature Sensor
Communication Epoxy Coated Thermistor

7 Gate Driv er IXDN609, IX2113, IX332B

Note: Power converter topologies may differ based on design-specific requirements. Note: Other Littelfuse solutions may be suitable depending
Legend: on design-specific requirements.
Power
Data/Signal

Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 13

 Wireless charger functional block diagram
Technology Product Series
AC Grid Input Rectifier & Power High-Frequency Wireless Power
Factor Correction Inverter Transfer setPTM, PPG, USW,
8 Temperature Sensor
Glass Coated Thermistor
1 4 6
Input Transient Output
Bridgeless, Full Bridge, Impedance Power 59060, 59135, 55075,
&
Vienna or Series Matching Transmission 9 Magnetic Sensor
55100
Ov erload
Boost Stage Resonant Network Coils
Protection
Diode Array
AQ24CAN, SM24CANx
(Wired CAN)

5
10
2 7 8 Diode Array SEP0xx, SP402x
Ov er- Poly mer ESD XGD
AC Earth-Fault
Gate Driv ers Gate Driv ers Temperature (Wireless)
Protection
Protection
Note: Other Littelfuse solutions may be suitable depending
on design-specific requirements.
3 9
Auxiliary Access Panel
Controllers
Power Supply Sensors

10
CAN Bus Communication Wireless

Note: Power converter topologies may differ based on design-specific requirements. Legend:
Power
Data/Signal

Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 14

 Select standards for EV charging equipment
Standard Title General Scope Region
IEC 61851 Various parts of this standard cover general requirements, along with
Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System Global
Series AC chargers and DC chargers specifically.

IEC 62196 Plugs, Socket-Outlets, Vehicle Connectors, and Vehicle Inlets –

This provides standards for charging plugs, sockets, and connectors. Global
Series Conductive Charging of Electric Vehicles

IEC 61980 Various parts of this standard cover general requirements for wireless
Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) Systems Global
Series charging systems, along with specific technology-based requirements.

GB/T 18487 Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System Various parts of this standard cover general requirements, along with
China
Series AC chargers and DC chargers specifically.

GB/T 20234
Connection Set for Conductive Charging of Electric Vehicles This provides standards for charging plugs in China. China
Series

JIS TS D 0007 Basic Function of Quick Chargers for Electric Vehicles This provides standards for CHAdeMO (DC) chargers in Japan. Japan

Electric Vehicle and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Conductive This provides physical, electrical, functional, and performance North
SAE J1772* Charge Coupler standards for charging plugs in North America. America

This provides standards for interoperability, electromagnetic

Wireless Power Transfer for Light-Duty Plug-In/Electric Vehicles and North
SAE J2954* compatibility, EMF, minimum performance, safety, and testing for
Alignment Methodology America
wireless chargers in North America.

This provides safety standards for AC chargers in North America and

tri-national standard for U.S., Canada, and Mexico (known as North
UL 2594 Standard for Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment
CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 280 in Canada and NMX-J-677-ANCE in America
Mexico).

UL 2202 This provides safety standards for DC chargers in the United States. United
Standard for Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging System Equipment
States
* J1772TM and J2954TM are registered trademarks of SAE International

Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 15

EV Charging – Technology for a Sustainable World

Datacenter & Telecom

Uninterruptible Power Systems
Power Supply

Solar Inverter &

Industrial Battery Charger Charge Controller

Battery Energy Storage System Wind Turbine Rectifier

& Inverter Littelfuse, Inc. © 2019 16
Local Resources for a Global Market
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Amsterdam
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Chippenham Lauf Beijing
Burlington Wuxi
Saskatoon
Suzhou
Kaunas
Shanghai
Kunshan
Legnago
Tsukuba
Rapid City Tokyo
Beverly

Fremont Seongham
San Sebastian Dongguan Seoul
Milpitas Charneca de Caparica Hong Kong Taipei
Long Beach Chu-pei

Piedras Negras Taguig

Matamoros Lipa City
Muzquiz Singapore

Manaus
Sao Paulo

Legend
Sales
R&D
Manufacturing

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Littelfuse Enables Enhanced Safety, Efficiency, and
Reliability for Electric Vehicle Charging

Littelfuse offers:
▪ Reference solutions to help meet global safety requirements

▪ System-level design compliance support

▪ Components designed to help meet energy efficiency

▪ High-volume manufacturing with the highest quality standards

Global delivery network with localized distribution and customer support

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