MODULE I

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL MACHINES

LESSON 1 WHAT IS ELECTRICAL MACHINES?

LESSON 2 COMPARING ELECTRICAL
MACHINE SYSTEMS
LESSON 3 ROTATING ELECTRICAL
MACHINES

EMTC 123 – ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND MAINTENANCE - MODULE I -

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MODULE 1
Electrical Machines

 INTRODUCTION

This module presents about Electric machine which is a general term

for machines using electromagnetic forces, such as electric motors, electric
generators, and others. They are electromechanical energy converters: an electric
motor converts electricity to mechanical power while an electric generator converts
mechanical power to electricity. The moving parts in a machine can be rotating
(rotating machines) or linear (linear machines). Besides motors and generators, a
third category often included is transformers, which although they do not have
any moving parts are also energy converters, changing the voltage level of
an alternating current.
Electric machines, in the form of generators, produce virtually all electric
power on Earth, and in the form of electric motors consume approximately 60% of
all electric power produced. Electric machines were developed beginning in the mid-
19th century and since that time have been a ubiquitous component of the
infrastructure. Developing more efficient electric machine technology is crucial to
any global conservation, green energy, or alternative energy strategy.

OBJECTIVES

After studying the module, you should be able to:

1. To understand what is an electric machines and its type.
2. Identify the classifications of electrical machines
3. To compare and analyze the different electrical machine system.
4. To briefly appreciate what really is a rotating electrical machine.

 DIRECTIONS/MODULE ORGANIZER

1. There are three (3) lessons of Module 1. It is imperative and important for you
to read and understand the lessons thoroughly in order to hasten your
knowledge about the topics.
2. In case you need further elucidations on some topics/lessons, you can have a
supplemental readings using any references listed at the preliminaries of this
module.
3. For erroneous/vague concepts/ideas encountered, just take note of them and
bring them out in the next face to face meeting for further explanation.
4. Learning activities are found at the end of the lesson which maybe in the form
of a test, research work or an assignment and a summative test at the end of

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the module, you are advised to answer all the items in the test independently.
Refrain from going over your module while answering in order to measure
your level of comprehension and retention of the lessons. However, you may
do so afterwards for clarification and confirmation purposes.

 REMINDERS

✓ Try your best to finish all learning activities the soonest possible time.

✓ Always submit all learning assignments to your instructor on time.

✓ Try to contact your instructor or program adviser when encountering

some difficulties.

☺☺☺
Enjoy reading!!!

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Lesson 2

 COMPARING ELECTRIC MACHINE SYSTEMS

Comparing the cost-performance between electric machine systems of

different classification or from different manufacturers is difficult without a critical
baseline of metrics. For equitable comparison of efficiency, cost, torque, and power
between electric machine systems, the comparison should be matched with the
same voltage and speed at a given frequency of excitation; or instead, the additional
cost, efficiency, and real-estate of the transmission for instance for coupling to the
speed of the application, the transformer for matching voltage, the frequency
converter to match excitation frequency, etc., should be included.
Other parameters that should always be considered in any revealing
comparison:
• Duty Cycle – although directly related to cost, efficiency, and power density, duty
cycle gives meaning to application applicability;
• Peak Torque Potential – the closeness of peak torque potential to continuous
torque indicates the safe margin of the design;
• Cost, Efficiency, and Real-estate of the Electronic Controller – unless integrated
and included in the specifications of the electric machine system, the electronic
controller, which is required for practical system operation, should always be
included.
• Utilization of the Magnetic Core and frame assembly – As an example: with
the wound-rotor doubly fed electric machine as the only exception, rotor
assemblies, which consume nearly half the volume of the electric
machine,passively participate in the energy conversion process and are under-
utilized.

 LEARNING ACTIVITY
1. Give the main parameters to consider in comparing
electrical machine systems.
2. What are the other parameters that should be always
considered in the electrical machine systems?

EMTC 123 – ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND MAINTENANCE - MODULE I -