Fak I tO i ke aie ted ie ie fe tee te aie dee te tie Be ie de de Bee fe ee De te fe ie de ae te ae te te ae * DAIL HQC QUOC GIA TP. HO CHf MINH TRUONG DAI HOC BACH KHOA. cscs Dor BI QUYET LAY DIEM 10 MON PHUONG PHAP TiNH Nguyén Tan Hop MOISKMT - KHOA MOI TRUONG & TAI NGUYEN (LUU HANH NOI BO) TP. HO CHI MINH — 19/12/2017 She ab hf ee hb hb ab het he eb eb eek ht a ab be hb a baba ae ab a Shh ab ah ah ef aha haa ab hahahaha aha ah a ab ab aa aha “hee De ee de de ee ee de oe ae ee de ae ee ee ae ee oe a de ar de aePhuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop Download ban méi nhit tai dia chi: http://bit.ly/nguyentanhop Moi ¥ kién thic mic vui long géi vé dia chi: D% hopnguyenktv@gmail.com “Duong tuy ngin, khong di khéng dén. Vide tuy dé, khong lam khong xong.” — Tuan Tu “Ngudi thdy tm thudng tuéng thudt. Ngudi thay t6t giai thich, Ngudi thay gidi thé hién. Newi thay vi dai truyén cam himg.” — William Arthur Ward — “Nhimg gi ching ta lam cho ban than rdi ciing sé mat. Nhitng gi ching ta lam cho ngudi khéc sé cdn lai mai mai.” CHUC CAC BAN THANH CONG VA DAT DUGC NHIEU UGC MO Nguyén Tan Hop - MOISKMT Trang 1Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop SO GAN DUNG VA SAI SO: x 7 ; Sai sd tuygt | Saisd thye | Saisd twong Sé chinh xéc | Sé gin ding | Sé 1am won . . d6i st d6i A a a* Aaslal.é | A=la—Al ba Vi du: Lam trén dén 2 chit sé lé sau déu cham thdp phan cia cde sé trong cde biéu thite sau: a = 5.3649 ; = 2.6750 ; ¢ = 1.2965 ; d $2.8701 ; ¢ 21.2399 Cach a= 5.3649 > a~5.36 b = 2.6750 => b = 2.68 = 1.2965 > c= 1.30 d< 2.8701 = d = 2.88 (Chai §: Sai s6 lam tron lén). © 21.2399 >e= 1.23 ‘Vi du: Biét A cé gid tri gan ding la a — 0.3102 voi sai sé twong doi la 6a = 0.30%. Ta lam trén a thanh a* = 0.31. Sai sd tuyét déi ctia a* la day + Ag= la —a"| + lal x 6, = 10.3102 — 0.31] + 10.3102] x 0.3% = 0.0012 Vi du: Biét A c6 gid tri gdn ding la a = 1.2145 véi sai sé tuong déi Sa = 0.16%. Ta lam tron a thanh a* theo nguyén téc qua ban dén chit sé lé thie 2 sau dau phiiy. Sai sé tuyét doi cia a* la: $6 a duoc lam tron thanh a* = 1.21 Age= Og: + Ag= la — a*| + fa] x dg = [1.2145 — 1.21] + [1.2145] x 0.16% = 0.0065 Vi du: Biét A cé gid tri gan ding la a = 2.9734 voi sai sé twong doi da = 0.69%. Ta lam trén a thanh a* = 2.97. Sai s6 tuyét déi etia a* la: Aa-= Oa + Ag= la — a"| + lal X 5g = [2.9734 — 2.97 + [2.9734] x 0.69% = 0.0240 Nguyén Tan Hop - MOISKMT Trang 2Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop CHU SO DANG TIN: Chit sé dang tin k duge tinh theo céng thite: Aa<05x10-* + k<-log(2Aa) Vi du: Cho a = 0.3708 véi sai sé trong déi la ba = 0.51%. Sé chit s6 dang tin trong cdch viét thép phan cha a la: Aa = |a| x 6, = 0.3708 x 0.51% = 0.00189 < 0.5 x 10°? Cé 2 chit sé phan thap phan dang tin = S6 dang tin la 0.37 = C6 3 chit sé ding tin. Cai 2. Tinh theo cOng thite: k<-log(2a) © k Cé 3 chi dang tin, Vi du: Cho a = 5.1778 véi sai sé trong déi la ba = 0.62%. Sé chit s6 déng tin trong cdch viét thép phan cha a la: Aa = |al x 6g = 5.1778 x 0.62% = 0.0321 < 0.5 x 107 sé ding tin. Cé 1 chit sé phan thap phan dang tin => S6 dang tin 1a 5.1 = C6 2 chi SAISO TUYET DOI CUA HAM Y = F(X, Y, Z): Oye [flee + [ley + Lit de = 3.8175 £0.0017 va y = 3.7032 +0.0029. Sai sd Vi du: Cho ham f = x’ —xy— tuyét déi cua f la. Oy= Ifill. Ox + [Bl 13x? — y| x 0.0017 + |—x — 3y?| x 0.0029 Bam CALC, nhap X = 3.8175 va Y = 3.7032. Dap sd: Ay = 0.1985. Vi dy: Cho ham f = x! + xy + y’, Biét x = 4.7693 40.0018 va y = 2.3745 40,0084. Sai 86 tuyét déi cia f la: 3093 Ap= [fillede + [fil dy= 13x? + yl x 0.0018 + |x + 3y?| x 0.0084 Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 3 Neuy.Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop KHOANG CACH LY NGHIEM: La khoang déng [a,b] hodc khong mé (a,b) ma trén dé tn tai duy nhdt 1 nghigm cia phuong trinh f(x) = 0. Nghia 1a f(a).f(b) < 0. SAISO TONG QUAT: F@| re m |x’ < m la min{|f'C@)L If’ )1)) Vi dy: Phuong trinh fix) = 2x! + 12x -15 = 0 trong khodng cach ly nghiém [1,2] cb 03. Sai sé nhé nhdt theo céng thite dénh gid sai sé téng quat nghiém gan ding la x* = eta x* las Cach gi If'@)| = lox? +12) > If’ @IsIf'Q| > min=18=m > SHIFT-STO-A FI A xt -z1< Bam CALC, nhap x* = 1.03. Ta duge sai sé = 0.0253. Vi dy: Phurong trinh ffx) ~ 3x' + 13x—6 = 0 trén khoding cach ly nghiém [0;1] c6 nghiém gan ding la x* = 0.45. Sai sé nho nhat theo céng thirc dinh gid sai sé tong quat cotta x* La If'@| = 19x? +13] > If] va lf > min =13 > SHIFT—STO-A IPG) _ 1f0.45)1 A “Rl Ix 21s TB = 0.0095 Vi dy: Phuong trink f(x) = 3x° + 10x — 24 = 0 trén khoding cach ly nghiém [1;2] c6 nghiém gan ding la x* = 1.47. Sai sé nhé nhat theo céng thitc dénh gid sai s cctia x* la: 0.0121, Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 4Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop PHUONG PHAP CHIA DOI: (Nhé chuyén sang radian — SHIFT-MODE-4(Rad)) ‘Tim nghigm gin ding cia phuong trinh f(x) = 0 trong khoang c4ch ly nghiém [a,b]: b Tinh f(a), f(b),x “= |b - al LenS ga VOin 1a sé lan chia dBi 4, Vi du: Phuong trinh f(x) = 2x’ - 6x° + 13x - 4.5 = 0 trong khoding céch ly nghiém [0,1]. Theo phuong phap chia déi, nghiém gan ding xs ciia phurong trinh la: Céch gid: Tac: fla)=f(0)<0 ; fb)=fll)>0 Lan| a=0 b x=(atby/2 | f(%) - + 0 0 1 os + 1 0 05 0.25 - 2 | 025 05 0.375 - 3 | 0375 05 0.4375 + 4 | 0375 | 0.4375 | 0.40625 - 5 | 0.40625 | 0.4375 | 0.421875 Nghiém gan ding xs ctia phuong trinh la 0.4219 (nghiém lam tron theo quy tic lam trdn) Vi dy: Phuong trinh f (x) = VX —cosx = 0 trong khodng cdch ly nghiém [0;1]. Theo phucong phap chia déi, nghiém gan ding xs ca phuong trinh va sai sé ctia né la. 6406 va Axs Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 5 0157. (Nhé chuyén sang Radian vi him chita lugng giéc)Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop PHUONG PHAP LAP BON: , O maxig'l=4 Luu gia trj tinh duge vio bién A (SHIFT - STO — A). 2B), AeA , O.1008345722 O. 1008345722 Bude 2. Sai sé tién nghiém < 10°: Gm = xo] < 10 > n > log, | Ta tinh gid trj x; va xo = 2.63 (tinh gidng bai trén) Bim may: V2X 713 CALC X = 2.63 = x; SORTS Ans-2.63 > Z.633299506 5 3. 299506411 si? a a wha rr > S.03075348xme 5 2, 25151 328x107? logy (Ans) m > 6, 538389906 > lap téi thiéu 187. Na H6p - MOISKMT Trang 7Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop Vi du: Cho phuong trinh x = V8x +11 thoa diéu kién lp don trén [3,4]. Néu chon Xo=. ua nghiém gan ding x2 theo cong thite hau nghiém la: Cach giai: Buéc 1. Tinh hé sé co q: Ig'(a)| va lg’(b)| > maxlg'l=q Luu gia trj tinh duge vio bién A (SHIFT - STO — A). ACEI), Ans O.2492240998 g 0. 2492240998 Bude 2. Ap dung céng thite hau nghiém: Bam may: CALC X = xo= = x1 = AK, = Xz => Ax, = 0.0085 Vi du: Cho phuong trinh x = V6x +16 thoa diéu kién lp don trén [3,4]. Néu chon X9=3.3 thi sai sé tuyét adi nhé nhat cia nghiém gan ding x; theo céng thie tién nghiém. Dap sd: Ax, = 0.0002 Vi du: Cho phuong trinh x = {2x + 6 théa diéu kién lap don trén [2,3]. Néu chon Xg=2.2 thi sai sé tuyét déi nhé nhat cha nghiém gan ding x; theo céng thie hau nghiém. Dap sd: Ax; = 0.0005. Nguyén Tan Hop - MOISKMT Trang 8Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop PHUONG PHAP NEWTON, DIEU KIEN FOURIER: Céng thite nghigm: ice) wh F@na) Xp = %, ting quat: FGI ( m Céng thie danh gid sai s6 [x*-z]< m la min{|f’(@) 1 IF )1) ‘Vi dy: Phuong trinh f(x) = 5x*-7x2+19x-16=0 trong khodng cdéch ly nghiém [0.5 1]. V6i xo = 0.6 nghiém gan diing x; theo phwong phép Newton la: Cach Dgo ham: f’(x) = 15x?- 14x +19 Bam may: fQ) 5X3 — 7X? + 19X — 16 "PR 7°) OX Tar Ts CALC X=0.6=x, CALC X = Ans = x) => x) = 0.9493 Vi du: Phuong trinh f(x) = 3x°-6x° +19x-14=0. Véi xo = 0.9 nghiém gan ding x, theo phucong phap Newton la: Dap sb: x, = 0.8724 Vi du: Phuong trinh f(x) = 6x'-13x' +12x-27=0. Vi x = 2.2 nghiém gan ding x; theo phuong php Newton la: Dap sé: x; = 2.1912 Tan Hop - MOISKMT ‘Trang 9Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop Vi du: Phuong trinh f(x) = 4x'+6x°+17x+22.5=0 trong khodng cach ly nghiém [-2, -1]. Theo phwong phép Newton, chon xo theo diéu kién Fourier, sai sd nghiém x; theo cong thire sai sé tong quat la: Cach gidi: £(-2) <0 ;fC1) >0 P(x) = 12x? + 12x +17 £°(x) = 24x + 12 f(a).£"(a) > 0 chon x= 5 fla).£7(a) <0 chon xp =b. Trong bai todn nay £(-2) <0, £°(-2) < 0 nén {(-2).f°(-2) > 0. Ta chon xo = ‘Tinh gid tri m: If'@)| = [12x? 412x417] > IP CALIF GDI > min=17=m 4x3 + 6x? + 17x +225 [4x9 + 6x? + 17x + 22.5] 12x? +12x+17 0” 17 xX=X CALC X =2 =x; 9 = Ax; 9 =x > = Am = 0.0130 Vi du: Cho phuong trinh f(x) = e+ 2.1¢ + sinx—6.8 = 0 trong khoang céich ly nghigm [1:2]. Ste dung phwong phdp Newton, xdc dinh xq theo diéu kién Fourier, tim nghiém gan dhing x; cia phuong trinh trén va dénh gid sai sé cha né. Dap = 1.1560 ; Ax; = 0.0178. (Nhé chuyén qua Radian vi ham chia lugng gide) Vi du: Phuong trinh f(x) = 6x' +9x°+15x+1=0 trong khoang cach ly nghiém [-0.1;0.0]. Theo phwong phap Newton, chon Xo theo diéu kién Fourier, sai sé nghiém x; theo cong thite sai sé tong qudt la. Dap sd: Ax; = 0.0029 Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 10Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop MA TRAN XAC DI DUONG: Dink thite con chinh edp k cia ma tran A 1A dinh thite ¢6 duge tit ma tran con chinh cap k (mma tran c6 duge tir giao cua k hang dau va k ct dau ctia A), ky hiéu Dy Ma trn vudng A xc dinh duong khi va chi khi tdt cd nhitng dink thite con chinh ciia né déu Ién hon 0. 13-2 Vidy: Cho A= ( 2a 7 ) Voi diéu kién nao cia a, A la ma trgn doi xing, xde 3.7 6 dinh duong. Céch gid: D, = (13) =13>0 D, = 8 Zia 134-4>0 © @>4/13 = 0.3077 13° -2 —3| D3;=|-2 «@ = 78a + 42 + 42 — 9a — 637 — 24 -3 7 6 © Ds = 69a — 577 > 0 6 a > 8.3623 3-4-3 Vi du: Cho A= (<1 a 7 ) Voi diéu kign nao ctia a, A la ma trdn doi xing, xde 37 5 dinh duong. Dap sb: 0 > 9.8333 22 @ Vidy: Cho A = (: 4 2) Voi nhig gid tri nguyén néo ciia oxthi ma tran A la xde a 2 5 dinh duong. € C13) > a= {01,2} Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 11Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop PHAN TICH A = LU THEO PHUONG PHAP DOOLITTLE: {i = aj ais Iy =o 7 wu 25 3 Vidy: ChoA=(3 4 4). Phan tich A= LU theo phwong phap Doolittle, 22 4 100 0\ fr 2 Us) 72 5 3 (1 1 a)(o Uz ws) =(3 4 ‘) ts, dsz I/\0 0 ugg. 2 2 4 Ta 06 wy = ayy nén: 1 0 0\/2 5 3 25 3 1 o}fo =(3 4 4 a/\o o 22 4 1 0 0&2 5 8 25 3 (x 1 0)(_ Uae w)=(3 4 ‘) 1 ly V\o0 0 uy/ \2 2 4 Céc phan tir cdn lai tinh binh thuong theo thir ty u22, Uys, ha, Uss bode cOng thie sau: Valin = “a nén: py = ayy — pg = yy — 2 22 = G22 — 5 pa = Gea — cn a1 G31 412 ( Saiz) ( Satis) ag, — “S112 ay, — S152) (g,, — Sees lkj- mi = asidi3 \82 ay 28 aa 52 = Gad 5 Mss = Ass — Qg.— “B12 a a, 22 a 122 1 0 of 5 3 25 3 Gn 1 a)(a -7/2 =12)=(5 4 ‘) 1 6/7 /\0 0 10/7/ \2 2 4 Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 12,Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop 15 -3 3 Sdn: -{ 2 3 -1 2 Vidy:ChoA=|_ 5 5 5 § 3-2 1 2 Phan tich A = LU theo phurong phap Doolittle. Ta 06: uy = ay Va Uy = aig /tty nen: 10 0 0\/1 5 -3 38 1 95 -3 3 2 1 0 0 \f0 wz ws uy \_f 2 3 -1 2 1 lz 1 0 JLo 0 uss Use -1 2 5 4 3 lz ls 1/\0 0 0 ua 3-2 1 2 22441 ~ A21412 Ugg = @e2 ~ lar Mae a 7341 ~ G21 Ais Uga = @z3 ~ lar. Uas a Gz4Q11 ~ G21 14 Ung = Arg ~ lar Uaa a 32 ~ Igy tae _ lag = Une Ugg = G33 — Lay Uys ~ Ugp- Urs G31Qy3 (3211 ~ O31 Q12) (23411 — A241) = 33 — 2 an 22041 — 421912411 Mag = dag ~ lan tag ~ Lalae digg 104 _ (@a00t ~ 3432) a40t ~ day 4ys) a an 22041 — 42112041 Ay y Ue tag _ Gar day a = 2.4286 Uae 22441 — M2112 Nguyén Tan Hop - MOISKMT Trang 13Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop gg ~ Una ag ~ Lao Yas la = 43 Tes digg — 41a — (an Q11 — G12) (2341 — G1 13) = a x05, ~ GAA TO TT 70.3061 yy — 221413 — Ganltas ~ Ga typ) (Gr2das ~ 21a) an 2 hy — 24442043 Ugg = Ogg — Lyy- tly — Lyp-tlrg — Lyg-tlgy = 3.6327 5 3 3 Vidu: ChoA=(9 7 3). Phantich A =LU theo phuong phdp Doolittle, tang cdc 6 4 5 phén ti tr(U) = Uy, + Uz, + Uss ctia ma tran U la: Bam may: MODE - 6(MATRIX) dé tinh cae dinh thirc. Dap 86: Uyy + Uzg + Uss = Dy + 22 +22 = 8.6000 8 6 2 . Vidu: ChoA=[3 4 9). Phan tich A = LU theo phwong phdp Doolittle, phan ti Liz 18 6 ctia ma tran L la: 3 8 6 2\h,>h,-3h,/8 6 2 (: 4 se BN (0 7/4 rs) 18 6/hs3>hs—Gh,\0 29/4 bo Ly = 4 =P = 41429 Te 7 12.52, + 42x — 2.5x3 = 23.19 ‘Vi dy: Cho hé phucong trinh: { 35x, 47.522 — 4.3% = 13.17 =5.7x4—3.8x, 417.523 = 12.75 Phan tich A = LU theo phuong php Doolittle, phan tie Us; ctia ma trén U la Dap sO: Us; = 15.2871. Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 14Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop PHAN TICH A = BBT THEO PHUONG PHAP CHOLESKY: (ma tran déi xting) 3 5 -4 2 4 10. 302 5-4 -4 10 by = Var by = 2 * buy 5 3 2 vide cin a= (3 5 =) Phan tich A = BB" theo phuong phép Cholesky: 2 -4 10 by 0 OY (by bay sy 5 by by2 0 }{ 0 bar baz) = (3 ‘by, B32 Bg KO 03, 2 Ta 06 byy = V@qq nén: VS 0 0\/v5 5 3 o}\o =|(3 5 0 0 2-4 Va by =“ nén: VS 0 0\ (VS 35 2v5\ 5 3/V5 bz 0 | 0 bap Daz -(3 2/N5 bsp by3/\9 0 bss 2 Cée phan tr cdn lai tinh binh thuéng theo thir ty by», b32, bs; hofic céng thite sau: 314 (00 % zy i Das 33 Dap sé: v5 0 0 \(/V5 35 25 302 35 4/N5 0 0 4/V5 -13V5/10 5 1) 2yV5 -13V5/10 v3/2/\o0 0 3/2 —4 10 Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 15Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop 3 4 Vidu: Cho A= ( 204 = ) Phan tich A = BB theo phuwong phdp Cholesky, tong 4-39 ede phan tie tr(B) = By; + Bz + Bss ctta ma trén B la: By = JDy i Bax = VDi/De-a (> 1) Dap s6: By, + Byz + B33 = VD, + VD2/D, + (D3/D, = 5.2690 4.2 5 Vi du: Cho A= ( 2 3 3 ) Phan tich A = BB" theo phwong phdp Cholesky, phan 5 3 25 tit Bs, ca ma tran Bla: 42 = 11V2/4 = 3.8891. Dap Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 16Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop 2 -1 4 5 3 2 6 -7 3 CHUAN & SO DIEU KIEN CUA MA TRAN: Vidu: Tinh chudn I va chudn v6 cing cia ma trén A Chuan 1 (max téng ct): WAlh = max(2+546 , 14347 , 44243) = 13 Chuan oo (max tang hang): WAll, = max{2+1+4 , 5+3+2 , 6+7+3} = 16 16 4 Vi du: Cho A= ( 7 3) S6 diéu kién theo chudn v6 cing ctia A la: Cach gidi: Nhap ma tran A vao may tinh. Tinh A“, Ta duge A“? 9/i16 -1/29 7/116 4/29 ) HAIL, = max{16+4 , 7+9} = 20 WAC, = max{9/116+1/29 , 7/116+4/29} = 23/116 $6 diéu kign ciia ma tran A theo chudn v6 cing k < IIAll.ll A“'Il = 20x23/116 = 3.9656 Chi ¥: (Sé didu chudn lam tron lén). S6 diéu kign k(A) thoa 1 xX _ yO — * (139/630) vax = (97) > x x (-¢.30317) 3 |Ix® = xO |] = 1/45 ‘Tinh ma tran T: Ma tran T ciia phuong phap lap Gauss-Seidel o6 dang: a . -1 =atea( 5) 0 =o 0 2-8) T=A B= (si b (6 we w © d= 1/9 > [Tle == le =§ Ap dung céng thitc tién nghiém: lirift = (ITI | —3| |p -2|| = Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 22,Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop NOISUY DA THUC: ‘Vi dy: Xay dung da thite ngi suy ciia ham sé y = fix) duge xae dinh boi: Céch Da thite ndi suy c6 dang y = P(x) = ap + ax + ax”, Thay lin lugt cdc gid tri x, y ta cé hé: dy + 0.0, + 0.02 =1 a =1 9 47 force 1 6 Ja =-19/6 > y=P@)=1-Gxt ex? iy + 3.0, + 9.0, =2 a, =7/6 NOI SUY LAGRANGE: Zea) oo In (x) = Y PROOD-Ye = 3 Xe) Xk = Xe) oo Oe Vi du: Xay dung da thite ndi suy Lagrange eta ham s6 y 020, x)=1/6, x9=1/2. = sin(ax) tai ede niit ndi suy x 0 16 12 y=sin(m) | 0 I2 7 3 1 1469 = SBE oF 1 0- |e Vi du: Cho bang so: x TI 17 24 33 y 3.52 33 a 45 ‘Sie dung da thitc noi suy Lagrange, tim gid tri cha o: dé da thite ndi suy c6 gid tri xdp xi tia dao ham tai x ~ 1.8 ld y’(1.8) = 2.8. Céch Tan Hop - MOISKMT ‘Trang 23Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop Céch 1, (Noi suy da thite) — (Tham khao thém céch gidi 6 Cau 12 - Phin 6n tip) Dat y = P(x) = ay + ayx + a,x? + agx4 y' =a, + 2a,x + 3a,x? Thay cée gid tri vio ta duge: x Phuong trinh I a + 11a, + 1214, + 1.331a, = 352 17 a) + 17a, +289; + 4.9134, = 3.3 33 a) + 3.30, + 10.894, + 35.9374, = 45 18 | y=28 @, + 2X 18a; +3X 3.240, = 28 Tir hg phuong trinh ta co ma tran: (Ding may tinh VINACAL d& giai) 141 121 1.331 3.52 17 2.89 4.913 33 10.89 35.937} 45 36 (9.72 28 dy = 19.94834071 1p _ | % = —28.92976669 7 C=A*B=\ 7 = 15.40996246 ay = 2443014213 Thay vio y(2.4) = P(2A) = ag + a,x + 2x? + a3x3 = 5.506055943 Cach 2, (Noi suy Lagrange) Da thite ndi suy Lagrange cé dang L(x) = D3-op¥(x). yy trong do pf duge xéc dinh 1a: 5 (« —x)@—x,)@— x3) (x - 1. - 2.4) - 3.3) A PO) = Gm ox) =x) > 1-11-21 —33) > 1716 1 (= x)(@—x2)@—%3) _—— @- 1D @-24)%-33) BB PO) = Ge ax) =x) GT =1NG7=24H07-33) ~ 0672 ary — OT xO MmIG— Hy) @H-1ID@-17)@-33) oe PO = Gea area =a) G4 LDGA=1NG4- 33) 0819 5 (x= x9) — 1) — x2) (x - 1-17-24) D PO) = GaGa a xJOa =x) GS=TDGI=1NGI—2A) ~ 3168 3.524 3.3B ac 4.5D =1716 * 0.672 * -0.819 * 3.168 uvtv.wtwu L3(x) (uv.w)' Tan Hp - MOISKMT Trang 24Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop 352d" | 3.3B' | ac’ | 45D! =1.716 * 0.672" —0.819 "3.168 y'@) =) = “776 [@ — L7) (x — 2.4) + (& — 2.4)(x — 3.3) + @ — 3.3)@-1.7)] 3.3 9 27 2 49 G7 Le — LA — 2.4) + ( ~ 24) — 3.3) + 3.3) — 1.0] + SMe — 1) - 1.7) + @— 1.7) — 3.3) + @— 3.3) — 1.0] =0819 4 + qqgle— 1D ~ 1.7) + 1.7) — 24) + 2.4) = 1.1)] , 5 33 y'(.8) ari * 9) +56 9X 0.57) + a * 113) + Eo 0.41) =28 Bam méy: SHIFT - SOLVE X => a = 5.506055913 Ti SAI PHAN CAP 1: (trén doan [Xx , Xxs1]) Yara — Ye PX Xe) = Xk — Xk Ti SAI PHAN CAP 2: (trén doan [Xe , Xxs21) Fliers ese] — Foe eva] FX sXe Xes2] = Xpev2 — Xe NQISUY NEWTON: Newton Tién: NO (x) = yo + flo. x1] ( — x0) Ff Deo, x4 Xa) — Xo GH Hy) FF Bear Ary oe Xn XO — HD) oe Newton Lai: N(x) = Int fn nO — Xn) + fn—2/ Env Xu] — Xn — An) + Ff [Xo Xa os Xn] = HV = 2) 0 OE - Hp) Ta cé: Lyx) = NRC) = Ny? Nguyén Tan Hop - MOISKMT Trang 25Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop Vi dy: Cho bang gid tri ctia ham sd ¥ 2 4 7 8 y 3 6 7 9 Ding da thire ngi suy Newton tién xudt phat tir niit xo cia ham sé y = f(x), hdy xdp xi dao ham cdp 1 va gid tri ctia ham s6 tai x = 0.5. Cach gid: Ta lp bang ti sai phan (TSP) Xi 14) TSPT TSP2 TSP3 2 3 (6-3)/(4-2)=3/2 4 6 -7/30 (-6T-4D= 13 13/120 7 7 5/2 CNB D=2 8 9 Theo céng thite ndi suy Newton tién: 3 7 13 NPQ) =345@-2)-GOe-DE-Y+THe-DE-VE-7 YO =3-Dl@-D+6-4 + Ble De-9 + @-9e- + &-DE-2I 267 1 1081 yOs)=-S" 5 y'05) =F Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 26Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop SPLINE BAC 3: Da thitc bic 3 g(x) 06 dang: iH) = Aye + ye(X = Xe) + Ce = Ky)? + dy (x XK)* Nhiém vu can tim ay, bj, cy, dy dé suy ra da thite gy(x). G0) 5 ty = Oa SPLINE BAC 3 TY NHIE! Dat 2 ma tran A va B c6 dang nhu sau: 1 0 0 0 0 0 tq 2(ho + hy) fy 0 0 0 a-|° hy 2(hy + hz) hy 0 0 0 0 hy 2(hz + ha) hy 0 0 0 0 hy 2(fg + hy) hy 0 0 0 0 0 1 Giai hg AC = B ta tim duge ma tran C = (60, 1, «4 Cn Céc hg s6 cia gy(x) durge xée dink nhu s: Ve he = EE ees +260 Cava — Ck dy = 2 vk = 0,1,...n-1 She n ‘Trang 27Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop Vi dy: Xay dung spline bde 3 tu nhién ndi suy bang sé: x 0 I 2 3 y 1 2 4 8 Céch Cach 1. Ta c6: 1=3, bo = by =hy = 1 1 0 0 0 10 0 oO Aza| ho 2(ho + hx) hy 0 1410 0 hy 2(hy + hg) hy o141 0 0 0 1 0001 flat le=3 { te, +4c, =6 7 k=0 k=1 A =Yo=1 a =y,=2 =o he —y hy by = 2 *2_ 26, + 2c9) = 13/15 va db, =25 7 (e+ 2e,) = 19/15 1 = 60 ‘ She 2/35 py = 2322 h; 7G +2c,) = 46/15 ha C3 — C2 3h; =7/15 Trang 28Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop 1+ (13/15)x + (2/15)x°, x€ [0,1] g(x) = 42 + (19/15)(x — 1) + (2/5)(@ — 1)? + (1/3)@ - 13, x€ [1,2] 4+ (46/15)(x — 2) + (7/5) — 2)? — (7/5) —2)%, x [2,3] Cach 2. (Tham Khao céch gidi phan Spline rang bude) Vi du: Cho bang sd: Sit dung Spline bac ba tw nhién néi suy bang sé trén dé xdp xi gid tr) cha him tai x = 14 vax = 2.5, Dap sb a(1.4)=3.6346 ;g(2.5) = 5.0319 SPLINE BAC 3 RANG BUOC: g(a) =a ; g'(b)=B Ma trn A va B cua Spline rang b clnit khac bigt so véi Spline ty nhién: 2h hy 0 0 0 0 Ro 2(ho + ha), hy 0 0 0 a-| ° hy 20h, +h2) he 0 0 0 0 hy 2(h2 + hs) hs 0 0 0 0 hs 2(hg thy) Ry 0 0 0 0 hy 2hy Trang 29Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop Giai h¢ AC = B ta tim duge ma tran C = (co, €), «45 Cts Cy) Cac hé s6 cia g(x) duge xée dinh nhu sau: Be = Ye bg = HOR 426) dy “ve =01,..n—1 Vi du: Cho bang sé sau: x iI 16 20 y 64 57 64 ‘Sie dung spline bac ba g(x) thea diéu kién g'(1.1) = 1.5, g'(2) = 0.5 ndi suy bang sé trén dé xdp xi gid tri cia ham tai x = 1.4 vax = 1.8, Céeh gi Bai todn thudc loai Spline ring bugc véi a= 1.5 va =0.5 a= Yi ; Dy = Xia - Xk hy =0.5 hy =04 Yer =e Ay= VET = Ma tran B = 3(Axs1 — Ay) hg ho 0 1 05 0 MatrinA =| ho 20 + ho) hy 0.5 18 oa) 0 hy 2h, 0 04 08 Ma tran C = A“*.B = h h bag = EO Ce + 2,) = Be TE CCuer + 2) Ty 3 3 _ Cea = Ck de = Bhy Néu by # & thi bai toan sai. Nguyén Tan Hop - MOISKMT Trang 30Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop x bh) &=y% a B o by & zeit Li 64 a=15 | -37 | -2o 5 os 180 15 a =14 16 57 9.45 209 175 18 oa 3 19 | 5305 2.0 64 p-os | —-375 | —2212 | 360 |~ 288 144 k a by & dy 0 oa 1s 2611 1567 180 90 1 57 jo p09 360 18 Ta cé 2 ham sé: 2611 1567 = -an- ~ 1? ~ 1s G(x) = 64+ 15-14) —FE = 1+ G1), xe [1.11.6] 19 g(x) =5.7 + @- 1.6) +e 1.6)? — @-16), x €[1.6,2.0] 360 8 Dip g(1.4)=6.0146 ; g(1.8) = 6.0276 Vi du: Cho bang sé sau: x LI 1.6 21 y 22 33 66 Sie dung spline bac ba g(x) thoa diéu kién g'(1.1) = 0.2, g'(2.1) = 0.5 ndi suy bang sé trén dé xap xi gid tri cha ham tai x = 1.4 vax = 1.9. Dap g(14)=3.7558 (1.9) = 6.4148 (Xem lai giai 6 Cau 2— Phin én tp) Nguyén Tan Hop - MOISKMT Trang 31Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop XAP Xi HAM THU NGHIE! C6 3 dang don gin thudmg gap trong thu 18 ciia f(x) 1a: f(x) =A+Bx f(x) = A+ Bx +Cx? f(x) = A.p(s) + B.q(x) * Trudng hop fix) = A + Bx. ‘Vi du: Tim ham fix) = A + Bx xdp xi tot nhdt bang sé: x 7 7 2 2 2 3 3 )4)]5 /)6 y I 2 2 3 | 4/4 5 5 | 6 7 Cach giai: Bam may: MODE > STAT > A+BX => Nhap X vi Y => Nhan AC dé Thoit. Nhan SHIFT => 1 => REG => Doc céc gid tri A, B Dipsé: A= 0.7671 ; B= 1.0803 = f(x) = 0.7671 + 1.0803x A+ Brt Cx’, * Truong hoy Vi du: Tim ham fix) = A + Bx + Cx? xdp xi tét nhdt bang 56: x 7 7 2 3 3 4 5 y 412 | 418 | 623 | 834 | 838 | 1273 | 1832 Cach Bam may: MODE => STAT => _+CX? => Nhap X va Y => Nhin AC dé Thott. Nhn SHIFT => 1 = REG = Doe céc gid tri A, B,C. Dap sé: A=430; B=-071; C=0.69=> f(x) =4.30-0.71x + 0.69x" Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 32,Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop * Tring hop ff p(x) + Bat Vi du: Tim ham fix) = Ax + B.cos(x) xdp xi tot nhdt bang sé: x 10 12 T4 16 18 20 y 227 | 237 | 245 | 252 | 260 | 262 Cach Cfch 1 (Nén ding): (Nhé déi qua Radian vi ham chita lgng gide) Bam may: SHIFT > MODE => Mii tén xuéng => STAT = Frequency > ON MODE => STAT => A+BX => C6t X nhap VX, c6t Y nh§p cos(X), nhdn AC. SHIFT = 1 = SUM = ¥.x? > SHIFT-STO-A SHIFT => 1 => SUM = Y.xy > SHIFT-STO-B SHIFT > 1 = SUM > Y.y? > SHIFT-STO-D SHIFT = 1 = DATA = Nhip Y vao cot FREQ (khéng duge nh§p & buéc trén) SHIFT > 1 > VAR > # > x > SHIFT > 1 > VAR => n> SHIFT-STO-C SHIFT > 1 = VAR > y = x > SHIFT = 1 = VAR => n = SHIFT-STO-M Giai hé phuong trinh sau: Gia tr x, y tim duge 1a hg s6 A, B cia (x) = A.p(x) + B.q(x) = 2.0050VX + 0.4867.cos(x) Céch2:Dat v= ge); — cos(x) = A(x) Bam may: (Nhé ddi qua Radian vi ham chia lugng gidc) A=A+tg?(x):B = B+ g(x)h(x):€ =C + g(X)Y:D =D+h?(x):M=M+h(x)Y A,B, C, D, M ban dau nhap = 0 X, Y nh§p theo bang cho dén hét. Cho m4y chay dén khi tinh xong M thi dimg. Nguyén Tan Hop - MOISKMT Trang 33Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop Giai hg phuong trinh sau: Ax + By =C Bx + Dy =M Céch bam nay may tinh sé hoi X sau khi hoi A, va hoi Y sau khi héi B va C. Nén chit nhap can than, néu kh6ng sé phai nh§p lai tir dau. Vi du: Cho bang sé: x 12 13 14 1S 17 y 64 25, 5 45 55 ‘Sie dung phuang phap binh phuwong bé nhdt, tim ham f (x) = AVx3 +25 + Beosx xdp xi t6t nhdt bang sé trén. Dap A= 19288 ; B= 1.9233 Vi du: Cho bang sé. x 12 13 14 TS 17 y 2 25 5 45 5 ‘Sur dung phuong phap binh phwong bé nhdt, tim ham f (x) = AVx? +1 + Beosx xdp xi 161 nhat bang sé trén. Dap sé: A= 2.6702 5.0235, Vi du: Cho bang sé: x 07 1.0 12 13 15 y 31 2.0 45 2.6 67 ‘Sur dung phuong phap binh phwong bé nhdt, tim ham f (x) = A + Bsinx + Ccos*x xdp xi t6t nhdt bang sé trén. Dap sé: A= 144.0806 = 138.2293; C =~ 88.7070 (Xem lai gidi 6 Cau 11 - Phin 6n tp) Nguyén Tan Hop - MOISKMT Trang 34Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop CONG THUC SAI PHAN: © Xét bang sé 2 diém: x Xo x y Yo yu Sai phn tién: jG =L004 D=See0) Sai phan Iii £@o) = f%o = h) f' Go) = h © Xét bang sé 3 diém: x Xo x ® y Yo yt Yn Dao ham edp 1 Sai phan tién (tai xo): 1g.) = BPA) + AF Go + W) = Ga + 2h) ree Sai phan hudng tam (tai x)): h)- ah fx) = Heat feso= Sai phan Ini (tai x2): f'G) = fo — 2h) — tee —h) +3f(%) Tan Hop - MOLSKMT ‘Trang 35Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop Dao ham cp Céng thite téng quat: = t wi) <2 2 Yo Sai phan tién (tai xo): cy) _ £0 + 2h) ~ 2F Go +h) + fo) f"@o) = Sai phan hudng tam (tai x): f"Ge) = FG +h) = Go) + fo —h) Sai phan li (tai x2) preg = LEH = 4H Nguyén Tan Hop - MOISKMT Trang 36Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop Vi du: Cho ham sé: f(x) = e*ln(x* + 1) — 4x. Sir dung sai phan huréng tam, xdp xi gid trj dao ham cép 1 va cap 2 tai diém cé hoanh dé x = 1.25 voi bude h = 0.25 Cach gidi: Cong thite sai phn huéng tam: bh h Pi) = Leet =flaa= £0 +h) = 2f Ho) + Fo =) fF" Bam may: e*In(X*+1)-4X CALC Nh§p x9 = 1.25 ; h=0.25 x xo+h Xo Xp SHIFT — STO A B c , A f'(.25) = yy = 83848 A-2C+B f".25) = —Sy— = 21.3349 Tan Hop - MOLSKMT ‘Trang 37Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop CONG THUC HINH THANG: Sai sé: Hinh thang: 2(b — a)? 12 Hinh thang mé réng. nMzh? _ M,(b—a)* < av als —ay Tan? Trong a6: Mz = max If"()| Vi du: Tinh gan ding tich phan sau bang céng thite hinh thang ma rong khi chia doan [0,1] thanh n = 10 doan nho. } fc dx Jy T+x Cach gid: ja BIt@ => Bim may: asathyonssotmhx=xth Nhap A ban dau=0 ; X ban dau bang cn duéi ). Nhan dau = dén khi X = b—h. Nhan tiép dau bang dé tinh ra két qua A = tich phan, Dap sé: Tich phan = A = 0.6938. Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 38Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop Vi du: Cho bang sé. x 10 12 14 16 18 2.0 2.2 fe) 40 33 24 43 | 102 | 62 74 Sir dung cong thite hinh thang ma rong hay xdp xi tich phan: 22 T=] Gef?(x) + 4.4%) dx ho Céch Dat (X,Y) =XY7+4.4K3 5h = Apu — XE = 0.2 Bim may: h A=AFSUK VIX BX =X+h x 10 | 12] 14 | 16 ] 18 | 20 |] 22 te | 40 [33 | 24 [43 | 102 | 62 | 74 B I 2 2 2 2 2 T Céch nhgp B. 152 3232>..) 91 Nhap A ban dau bing 0 ; X ban dau bang can duéi hodc dau bang (= 1.0) Nh§p Y = f(x): theo bang. Nhp B: theo bang. Dap s6: Tich phan = A = 101.4579 Vi du: Hay xdp xi tich phan sau bang céng thie hinh thang mo réng vi n = 8. 23 l= J InV2x + 2dx i Dap sé: I = 1.0067. Tan Hop - MOISKMT ‘Trang 39Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop CONG THUC SIMPSO! Sai sé: Simpson: 1,(b — a)$ y'(0) = x"(O. Ta duge hg phurong trinh: xO=y y'(t) = 4.2y + 22x + 2.6 Mp =x(1) = 1.2 yo =x'() = y() to=1 5; h=02 Tacé1biéntva2ham: f =x'(t) = y vahim g = y(t) =4.2y + 20x +26 Bim may: Quyuée: t>F; x>X; yoY A=02Y: B=0242Y+2FX+26): F=F+02: X=X+A: Y=Y+B nf hg tingbiént | x+hf | wthg Nhan CALC, Nhap Y ban dau = yo = 1, X ban dau bang Xo = 1.2, F ban diu = to Doe gid tri nghiém tai X: Dap sé: x(1.2)=1.4000 —x(1.8) = 6.1021 Nguyén Tan H6p - MO1ISKMT ‘Trang 42Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop M(x) = 2y" tay tx7y +928, 1 2’ =y" =v; v! =y". Ta duge hé phuong trinh: y@=az 2) wy + xz +x2y + 9.28 Ta cé | bién x va 3 ham: v(x) = Qt xz + xy + 9.28 Bammay: Quyuée: x>X; yoY; z9F; voD Cau leah Ynghia A=02F: hy@=hz B=0.2D: hZ@ahv C=0.2(2D + XF + X’Y + 9.28): h.v'(x) = h. (2v + xz + x?y + 9.28) X=X+02: x th Y=Y+A: Views = Yee + hy) F=F+B: Zev = % + h.z'(x) D=D+C Vers = Ve + hv) Nhan CALC. Nhp cdc gid tri ban dau: x9 = 1; yo = 3.2; z= 1.4; vp=1.1 Doe gid tri 6 Y: x Y 16 18 Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 43Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop CONG THUC EULER CAI TIEN: Kyx = hf Go Xt Ye) Kay = hg (tee Xe Yee) Kay = Bf (te + hike + Kaas Yee + Kay) Kay = We gll + hy Xe + Kis Vee + Ky) 1 x(t Xeer =X +5 Kix + Kee) 1 Vesa) ~ eer = Ye +5 (Kay + Kay) k=0,1,2,00n yisy-@+1, 0Sts2 Vi du: Cho bai todn Cauchy. f y(0) 0.5 Sir dung phuong phap Euler cdi tién dé xdp xi nghiém véi n = 10 va nghigm chinh xdc ld y(t) = (t+ 1)? — 0.5e" Cach a , fo =0, yo= 0.5 Bim may: Quyuéce: t>X; yoy Cau Teak, Y nghia A= 0.2 —X? +1) Ky =hy-? +1) X=X402: t=tth B=02W +A-X?+1): Kay =h.[( + Ky) — (+ AY? +1] Y=Y+(A+B)=2 ean = + Coe Hon) Nhan CALC. Nh§p Y ban dau = yo = 0.5 , X ban dau = xy =0 Nhdn dau = dén khi X = b —h = 1.8 thi bam dau bing ta duge két qua Y Dap so: Y = 5.2331 Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 44Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop "(t)=4x'+t?x4+26 ; 1<5t<16 Vi dy: Cho bai todn Cauchy: f x) =03 ; x(Q)=14 Dua vé hé phuong trinh vi phan cdp 1. Ste dung c6ng thitc Euler cai tién, giai gan ding x(1.2) vat x(1.6) voi bude h = 0.2 Céch gidi: Dat y(t) = x'(t). Ta duge hé phuong trinh: xO=y yO) = Ay +x 42.6 Xo = x(1) = 0.3 Yo =v =x =11 to=1; h=02 Tacé 1 bién t va 2 ham: f = x'(t) = y vaham g = y'(t) = 4y + 02x + 2.6 Bamméy: Quyuée: x>X; yoY; toF; hoE Cau Ink Ynghia A=EY: Kx = hy B=E(4Y + FX +2.6): Ky = h Gy + t?x + 2.6) F=F+E: t=tth C=E(Y+B): Koy = h(y + Ky) D=E(4(Y +B) + F(X + A) +2.6) : Kzy =h [4(y + Ky) + 2 + Kyy) + 2.6] X=X+(A+O)42: sayy =p + et eo) Y=Y+(B4+D)+2 ras = ye + et Koo) Nhan CALC. Nhp cdc gid tri ban dau: X = x9=0.3 ; Y=yo=1.1; F=t=1 Doe gid tri 6 X: Tan Hop - MOLSKMT Trang 45Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop CONG THUC RUNGE-KUTTA BAC 4: Ky = he fe Xk Ye) Kyy = hg (ter Xe Vie) h Kay Kaz = Rf Ge + 5% Het h Kay =h.g(te Fat h Kae Kae = hf Ge +5 Me BM hk, Koy = hog Ge + 5%" + Ref (te + A,X + Kaye Vie + Kay), A g(ty + Ri Xp + Kae, Ve + Kay) 1 xlties) © Mets = He +g (Ki + 2Kay + 2Kay + Key) 1 Vers) = ers = Ye +3 (Kay + 2Kay + 2Kay + Kay) k=0,1,2,.0 —3.2xsin(x+3.5y) , x211 «an. ai tod py: = Vi du: Cho bai todn Cauchy. f y(L1) = 04 Sir dung phuong phap Runge-Kutta bde 4 xdp xi y(1.3) voi buée h = 0.2. Cach giai: Dat ((X,¥) =X—3.2Xsin(X+3.5Y) ; h=0.2 ; x=11; y= 04 Bam may: (Nhé chuyén sang Radian vi ham chita long giéc) RK) > CALC x Xo Xo + hed xo + hed Xo+h Y Yo yo + Az2 Yo + Be2 yorC Ke qua =0.2013 = 0.3587 = 0.4669 = 0.4681 SHIFT-STO A B c D yi=yo+ (A +2B+2C+D)+6 Dap sé: y, = 0.0132. Tinh yp, ys,... tuong ty Nguyén Tan Hop - MOISKMT Trang 46Phuong Phap Tinh http:/bit.Ly/nguyentanhop PHUONG PHAP SAI PHAN HUU HAN: pore + q@dy'@) +r@)y@) =f@), a 0 chon xp = su f(a). f(a) < 0 chon xp =b. Bam may: xX=X fe : ‘col eX + 2X? + cos(X)— 10 Je* + 2X? + cos(X) ~ 10] eX +4X—sin(X) A xX=X CALC X = Xo = Xi = 1.6566 = Ax; = 0.1096 X =x) > x, = 1.5973 > Ax, = 0.0028 C&u 2. Cho bang sé sau. Trang 49