Pain cad pain management Lengkapi pendahuluan tentang nyeri di bawah ini dengan mengisi titik-titik dalam teks dengan menggunakan salah satu kata di dalam kurung: Describing pain There are two sess (category, categories, categorise) of pain: acute and chronic. Acute pain ......... (subsides, subside, subsidy) as healing takes place and (goes, comes, lasts) for a short time, usually for .. (under, not as long, less) than 3 months. Acute pain may be sudden or slow ......... (in, on, by) onset and may range from ......... (gentle, kind, mild) to severe. In other words it may include ......... (anything, all, every) from a pin- ptick to the pain of an amputation. Chronic pain is ...... (prolonged, prolong, prolongs) for 3 months or longer and ranges from mild to ......... (heavy, unkind, severe). If it comes back ......... (repe- tition, repeats, repeatedly), it is called “recurrent”. To des- cribe levels of pain, hospitals often use a ........- (number of, numerical, numbering) scale, e.g. “pain reduced from 7 to 3”. Describing types of pain can lead to misunderstand- ings and the McGill Pain Questionnaire was designed to provide vocabu- laty so that pa- tients can commu- nicate more clearly with nurses and doctors. To describe pain, the McGill Pain Questionnaire uses words like these:+ Throbbing. This means beating repeatedly like a drum * Shooting. Meaning rushing, like a bullet. * Stabbing. A penetating pain like a knife being pushed in and en out. * Cramping. A squeezing, contracting, muscular pain + Gnawing. Feels like being eaten. + Hot, burning. As if on fire. + Aching. A dull, background pain. * Heavy. A pain which weighs you down. * Splitting. A word often used to describe headaches - as if your head is going to break open. * Tiring, exhausting. A pain chac destroys energy. * Sickening. A pain’ that makes you feel sick. * Fearful. A great pain, central and all-consuming. * Punishing, cruel. A great pain that feels like torture going on and on without relief. Berdasarkan informasi di atas, manakah di antara per- nyataan berikut ini yang benar? ‘Acute pain gets worse as the patient gets better. a. b. Acute pain may come on gradually. . The higher the number of the pain, the more it hurts. |. The lower the number, the more it hurts. A pain of “8” is better than a pain of “4”, The McGill Questionnaire describes how much pain a patient feels. 2 aoa m Mr Morris is 65 years old. He has been admitted to hospi- tal with lung cancer and widespread metastases. Mr Morris is in a lot of pain and cannot concentate for long enough to answer many questions. Ele primates the quently (makes facial gestures of pain) and ces He says things like, “it hurts, please pive nw sense rte)Locsin, When the nuise asks him where the pain is he points tw his lower back (site A) shoulder (sie B) site A is ‘an ant if he coughs. There is a ‘sharp’ pain in his shoulder ( when he coughs Ac the moment, he is taki hourly with 400 mg of ibuprofen 6-hourly 10 my of morp and also his right enity. Mr Morais says that the pain at arable, gnawing pain’ and gets even wor Di bawah ini adalah bagian dari Pormulir Pengkajian ti Mr Moris. Patien’s Diagnosis: Intensity - Scale used: 0- | Name: Lung cancer with 10 (10 = worst pain) Mr Morris metastases Worst pain: ~ site A = 10 when Location: (patient or nurse mark — 8B = 4 when coughs. drawing) Pain is so bad concentrate Manakah di a. Mr Morris’ metastases are localised. tara pernyatian b. He bears the pain silently. | | | Least pain: | siteA=9 | siteB=0 | Quality: A = unberable | gnawing, | Besharp | Manner of expressing pain: | Grimaces and cries. | patient cannot | c. The intensity of the pain at site A varies a little.d. ‘The pain at site A is worse than at site B ¢. He is receiving 90 mg of morphine x 4 every hour. Sekarang, bacalah dua riwayat kasus selanjutnya — ten- tang Mr. Thompson dan Mrs. Smith. Setelah itu, ada beberapa pertanyaan untuk dijawab yang diikuti olch For- mulir Pengkajian Nyeri yang harus dilengkapi. Mr Thompson i is 45 years old. He had | an accident and was admitted to hospital 2 days ago. In surgery he had a splenectomy and a pin was inserted | into a fracture of his left femur. Location and quality of pain. Mr Thompson tells the nurse that it hurts in two places. Site A is on the left. side | of his abdomen and he describes this pain as “deep and aching". Site B is on his left thigh where he describes the pain as "sharp and throbbing’. | Intensity. The pain is worst at site A (reaching 10) when he coughs. At site B, the pain is worst (reaching 10) | when he tries to change his position in bed \ | At best, the pain in both sites subsides to 6 when he lies perfectly still. When the pain becomes really bad, Mr Thompson clenches (grips) the side-rails of his bed and grimaces. i The plan. The patient is receiving 75 mg of pethidine. We will evaluate the patient's response to the pethidine and, if the pain does not subside, then either increase the dose or use an alternative route EB © About Mr Thompson. The fracture is in: a. the femur on his left-hand side. by the left side of the femur. c. to the left of the femur. BX Location and quality of pain. The pain is: a. on opposite sides of his body. b. on the same side but in awe dificran pts in owe diflerent places but abl uy qualeEX intensity of pain. The pain: a. varies in intensity. b. comes and goes. c. is consistent. El The plan. If the pain does not decrease the plan is to: a. wait and see. b. increase the dose of painkillers. c. send the patient to another place for further treatment. Isilah Formulir Pen; Patien’s Name: Mr Thompson Diagnosis: Location: (patient or nurse mark drawing) Intensity - Scale used: 0-10 (10 = worst pain) Worst pain: Least pain: Quality: Manner of expressing pain: