(THI KIM NGAN NGUYEN THI QUYNH THO: Dot pha 8+ SHOA HOC ») KITHI THPT Quéc giaLOI NOI DAU (Cac am hoe sinh than méin! Theo théng tin chinh thie ctia BG Gido dyc & Bao tao, kin thi thi THPTOG tirnm 2019 sé bao gm kién thi cua c& 3 l6p 10, 11 va 12, Bimng trude sy thay dai lon nay, hau het cae em hoc sinh déu cam thay lo lang, hoang mang, khéng biét phai hoc nhu' thé nao va én luyén tirdau dé dat durge két qua tot nha. \Véi mong muéin he théng day di kién thife ctiac 3 16p 10, 11, 12 va dinh hung phuong hap hge tap higu qua cho cao em, nhém tac gia ching tai da tim toi nghién eu va bién ssoan cuGn sch Bt phid 8+ mOn Ha hoe Ki thi THPT Quoc gia, Cia tric eta cudin sich gm 2 phiin chinh: + Phin 1 = Héa hoc 12: Trinh bay chi tiét kién thie Héa hoc 12, kt hop bé sung kién thi fign quan dn Héa hoc 11 va Héa hoe 10 trong qua thin hoe. + Phian 2 - Héa hoc 11 va Héa hoc 10: Trinh bay cc kién thute Héa hc 11 va Héa hee 10, ‘trong tam, c6 dong, logic két hop phan dang bai tap va gia chi et. Ua dim ni bit cila cudn sch: + Noi dung cuén sch bao gom kién thire Héa hoc lp 10, 11, 12, bam sat dinh huténg thi cilia BO Gido duc & Bao tao. + Nhém téc gid dnb riéng mot phn & dau cudn séch dé hutng dan cac phutng phap Gigi nhanh, giup tit kiém thai gian lam cho céc em, * He thing bai tap due chia dang r6 rang, tat c& déu c6 phurung phép giai va vi dy mau. + Sau cde phn kién thar la bai tp tyluyén, 86 lung céu hei dam bo bao quat hat cae dang bai tap dé céc em 6n luyen thanh thao + Bac biet, cud sch dupe tich hgp cing ede tién Ich céng nghé mang tinh dot phé so vi ning cusn sch tham khao kha: Video bai ging, He thong thi tht, Nhom gid dap thc mac mign phi trén Facebook. Nhiing tién ich cng nghé nay s€ giip em lam chi kién thite Héa hoc ala c& 3 nam mét céch dé dang, hién thye héa myc tiéu trén 8 diém thi THTPAG mon Héa hoc. + Cudin séch la “gia tai tri thi, fa tam huyét cua nhém tac gid va don vi phat hanh muén ‘ti tdi tay ban doc nhiing kién thite hay, bé ich, ata igu luyén thi THPTOG tin cay ciia cdc ‘em hge sinh trén ¢& nuse, Tuy nhién, trong qui trinh bién soan khong thé trénh Khoi nhing ‘i sot, nhém tac gid rét mong nhén duige nhiing ¥ kién déng a6p quy bau tirben doc dé an ai ban sau sé duge hoan thign hon, (dm 498)El Seated atcetitron ee Ms Let ono Muc luc MOT SO PHUONG PHAP GIAI NHANH HOA HOC PHAN 1: LOP 12 1. Este ~ Lipit 2. Cacbohidrat 3. Amin ~ Amino axit~ Peptit ~ Protein 4, Pome 5. Dai cong kim foal £6. Kim logi Kid — Kiém tS — NOM a 7. SAt va m6t s6 kim logi quan trong ... PHAN 2: LOP 11 VA LOP 10 1. Nguy@n ti — Bang tuan hoan — Lién két héa hoc 2. Phan Gang héa hoc 3. Sy din li 4, Phil kim... 5. Dal cvtong héa hh 00... 6 Hidrocacbon 7. Ancol — Phenol 8. Andehit ~ Xeton ~ Axit cacboxylic @ 115 188 205 231 232 249 280 218 313 350 372MOT SO PHUONG PHAP GIAI NHANH HOA HOC Phuong phép 1 BAO TOAN KHOI LUGNG “B41. Noi dung phuong phap inh lust bdo toan khdi lugng: “Trong mgt phan Ging héa hoe, ting khéi wong cia cdc san phdm bang ting khéi lwgng ca céc chat phan ing. Xét phan ing: A+B + C+D Bidu thee: ™,#m, =m, +m, Céng thive cn ner TMawiancan™ Lian * Len genineg DeMatteis Dc “BD 2. Vidy minh hoa Vid: Cho 4,46 gam hn hop gdm Al, Mg va Fe tc dung véi mot lugng vira dit dung dich H,SO, 9.8% thu duge 4,704 Iit kh (@ktc). Kndi lygng dung dich thu duge sau phan ang la: ‘A.21440 gam. 8. 214,88 gam. ©.214,46 gam. 214,04 gam eéng dn 24 mo 21 mol mons, = 228. 100.= 210 gam Ap dung dinh luat bao toan khdi long: # Mans, = Mo +My Mau = Me *Mhonso, My Megas = 446+ 210-0.21.2 = 214,04 gam + Chon D. Vidy 1: B6t chy hodn toan 9.2 gam hén hop gdm Fe va Cu bing O, du. Sau phan tng thu duge 12 gam chat in Thé ich ox! (Akte) 68 phan tg la A168 I. B. 1,96 lt 6.2.24. D.s.92it Huéng din 4Fe+30,—* +2Fe,0, 20u+0,—£-2Cu0Ue RTL Ap dung bio toan khbi trang: Muci *Mo, =May <2 92 +Mo, =12 =m, #28 gam 0.0875 mol > Vp, =0,0875.22.4= 196 it. Taos ng, + Chon B. \Vi dy 2: Hda tan hoan toan 5,1 gam hén hgp chira Al va Mg bang dung dich HCI du. ‘Sau phan tng thu duge 5,6 lit khi (ake). Téng kné! lygng mu6i thu duge le A. 20,50 gam. B.22,05 gam. _C. 22,85 gam. D. 25,02 gam. Hung dn =0,25 mol >m,, =0,25.2 0,5 gam 204 2AL+6HCI-» 2AIGi, +3H, Mg++ 2HCI-> MgCl, +H, = 2iy, =2.0.25=0,5 mol ->my. =0,5.36,5 =18,25 gam ‘Ap dung bao toan kh tuong: Mas +My ~My? My, 2 BN+1825=Mus +05 May =22,85 gam Nig Udy: = Chon C. Vi dy 3: Nung hoain toan 100 gam hén hop X chira CaCO, va Ca, Két thie th rnghigm thu duge 78 gam chat rén khan. Khdilugng ca CaCO, trong X ta ‘A.60 gam. B. 50 gam. 70 gam. D. 80 gam. Huéng din caco,—*-+Ca0+Co, t ‘Ap dung bio toan khbi trang: 1, =Minoan*Meo, £2 Meo, = 100-78 = 22 gam 2 22-955 mol =o, = 220.5 m “Theo phurong tinh héa hoe eyeo, =Meo, =0,5 MO! —>Mexoa, =0:6.100 =60 gam. + Chon 8. @Phuong phép 2 BAO TOAN NeuYEN TO “D1. Noi dung phuong phap Binh ludt bdo toan nguyén 6: ‘Trong cdc phn ung héa hoc théng thuong, cée nguyén té ludn durge bao toan, Tae: [Daan veanning =D nan ning Ap dung: Hu hét dang bal tap, nhét I dang bai tap hn hop nhiu chat, xay ra nhibu bién 46% phite tap. DB 2.Vidy minh hoa Vi dy: Hoa tan hota toa 6.1. gam hn hp hire Alva Mg bang dung cich HCI du Sau phan dng thu éurge 6,6 lit Kh (Ek). Téng kh rong mubi thu Buel ‘A.20,50 gam. B. 22,05 gam. .22,85 gam. D. 25,02 gam. Hung dn 56 Co: = 7g 70.25 mol Bao toan nguyén 16 H: Ra = 204, =2.0,25 =0,5 mol 'Ba0 toan nguyen t Ci: gms =Phes = 0.5 MO! Me™ Manat Merge) 1+0,5.35,5 = 22,85 gam = Chon c. dy 1: Hoa tan hod toan hén hop A gdm 0,16 mol Fe va 0,05 mol Fe,0, vao dung dich HCI du thu éurge dung dich B. Cho B tac dung vi NaOH dur thu duuge kBt tia C. Loc Két ta, ria sach, dem nung trong Khéng kn dén Khél lvong khong di thu dug m gam chét rn D. Git ola ml Huong dan Foe glk er FIO, ‘So 46 phan ee Mao 2D: 1 aotinine af, ofA of F4O se orrop, 80 toda nguyen tb Fe: Pryoyo) =o > Mpxo,e)= O13-160= 20,8 gam Chon D.Cee AMANO \Vi dy 2: Hoa tan hoan toan hin hop gm x mol FeS, va 0,15 mol Cu,S vao dung dich ‘axit HNO, (vita Gt), thu duro dung dich X (chi chira hai mu6i sunfat) va khi NO duy nd. Gi tr oda x a: 0,060. B. 0,150. €.0,075, D.0,300. Huong dn X chi chia 2 mudi sunfat, kh NO la duy nhét —> S 68 chuyén hét thanh SOP. (Qua trinh bién di: 2FeS, > Fe,(SO,), ; Cu,S > 2cuso, x 05x 08: Bao toan nguyen t6 S: 2x + 0,15 = 0,5x.3 + 0,3 +x + Chon D. Vi du 3: Hn hop X gdm Fe(NO,),, Cu(NO,), va AgNO, Thanh phan phan trim khéi |ugng ota nito trong X la 11,864%. C6 th8 diBu ché durgc t6i da bao nhiéu gam hn hop ba kim logit 14,16 gam X? A78Bcam. BLADS8pIm, —C.3389am 0.6729 en in Tong 14.18 gam Xs enn, = !4IE 9.2m Bao ton nguyén t6 N: n, 1, =0,12 mol Wes reve kh6i rang kim loi thu 4g 8: Mena =e ho gy = 14,16 — 0,12.62 = 6,72 gam + Chon D. Vi dy 4: Chia hn hop Agim: C,H, C,H, C,H, thanh 2 phan bang nhau: = Phan 1: B6t chéy hoan toan thu duge 3,36 Ii khi CO, (te), = Phain 2: Hiro héa 1b d6t chay hét sn phm thi hé tich CO, (ake) thu duge AAI B. 2,24 6.336 it D448 It. Huéng dn 3,36 Phan 1: Bao toan nguyén t C: Mose y= Non, “Garg = OAS MOL Phin 2: Hidro nda ri dt chay hat sn phm thi s6 mol C trong 1 phan khong di. Bao toan nguyén t6 C: Ngo, = Neier pin)" 115 Mol Veo, =0.18.22,4 = 3,36 It Chon ©. aoPhuong phép 3 BAO TOAN ELECTRON “@ 1. Noi dung phuong phap Binh lust bao toan eletron: ‘Trong phan Gng oxi héa — Khir, tng s6 electron ma céc chét kr nhuréng lub bang ‘ting sé electron ma céc chat oxi héa nha. [22M onsen = Pema Ap dung Chi yéu Ap dung cho bai ton oxi hoa knit cc chat v6 co. C6 thé Ap dyng bao toan electron cho mét phuong trinh, nhiéu phuong trinh ho&c ton bo qua tinh, Néu xét cho todn b6 qua trinh chi cn xac dinh s6 oxi héa & trang thai ddu va cubi cba nguyén t8, khong quan tam dén trang thai oxi héa trung gian. Thudng két hop voi bdo toan khdi lugng, bdo toan nguyén té.. D2. Vidy minh hoa ‘Vi dy Chia 20 gam hin hop gém Mg, Al, Zn thanh hai phan bang nhau, Phin 1: Bét chay hodn todn trong O, dur thu duge 14.48 gam én hop oxt Phin 2: Hba tan trong HNO, 68, néng dv thu duge VIItNO, (san phém Khir dy nnd, 6 dito). Gia ti cba Va A12544, —-B.6,272. 15344. 7,728. Hudng dn Phan 1: Bao toan kh6i long: mg, =14,48-10=4,48 gam 448, mone, =F = 0414 mol Nh&n x6t Kim log héa tj khng AB nén ting 6 mol electon nhvdng & hai phn 1a nhur nhau > $6 mol electron nhén & hai phan ‘ng nw nha. Phan 1: Phan 2: 0, +4¢ 420% en 014-90,56 xex x= 056 Vay V = 0,56.224 = 12,544 iit = Chon A, Vid 1: Nung m gam bot Cu trong ox thu duge 25,6 gam hin hap chétrin X g8m Cu, CuO, Cu,0. Hos tan hoan ton X bing H,$0, 6c, néng thu due 3,6 It (te) khi SO, duy nh Gia bi mia A968 B.158, ©.203. D.224, a8 Huong din FeO mol ®FOIE oct rata Or sal Io cu Fy So 6d phan ing: &bor{oo een cu,0 80, Goi 86 mol Cu vi O, lin ota xy mol. Bao toan toan khéi luong: 64x +32y = 25,6(*) Xét osn bd qua trnh o6 3 nguyén 6 cd sy thay oh 6 ox dala Cu, Ova S. cuscu"+2e | 0,+40>20° x am | yoy S* 42048" 030,18 Béo toan electron: 2x = y +0,3 -+ 2x~ ay =0,3 (") Tw (va (7) ta 06: X= 098 4 Khéi lugng cla Cu la: m_ Chon . ‘Vi dy 2: Cho V lit hin hop khi Cl, va ©, (Akt) téc dung via 40 véi hin hop cha 2.7 gam Al va 3,6 gam Mg, thu durgc 22,1 gam san pham ran. Gia tri cia V la: A112, 8.3.36 €.5,60. 0.448. Huéng din 7 =! y= Fy AOA MOL Ny, = FP =0.15 mol So &b phan ing: {oft + cot 95.64 = 22.4 gam. 27 “Mg” [MgCi,iMgo Goi s6 mol cia Cl, va O, lan lot a x, y mol Bao toan kndl lugng: 71x + 32y + 2.7 + 3,6 = 22,1 — 71x + 92y = 18,8 () {Qua trinh nhueng - nh electron AI AI +30 Ol, +20 20r 01 403 x2 Mg—> Mg" +2e 0, 44¢>207 018 +03 yoy Bao toan electron: 2x + 4y = 0,6 (*) ovate a og (REO? Tu c)vac piace oe ‘Thé tich hn hop kh la: V = (0,2 + 0,05).22,4 = 5.6 It + Chon ©. ®‘Vi dy 3: Hoa tan hoan toan 2,61 gam hén hop Mg va Al bang dung dich HCI du thu duge 2,688 It higro (Akt). Cong lygng hin hop néy néu hda tan hodn ton bing H,SO, décrnéng thi thu duge 0,12 mol m6t sén phém X duy nt hin thanh do sy khiy S®. X AS. B.SO, CHS. D. S hod SO, Huéng din 12 mol Na og 7012 mol \Nh@n xét: Kim loa héa tri Khong 46i nén téng sé mol electron nhuong & hai phan la nh ‘nhau —» Sé mol electron nhn & hai phan cing nhur nhau. Phan 1: 2H" +20->H, Phan 2: S*+(6-a)e>S* 0.24-0,12 0.12162) 0.12 Ta: 0,12(6~a)= 0.24 ase Vay Xia $0, Chon B. ‘Vid 4: Hoa tan hodn toan 16,2 gam mot kim loai M bing dung dich HNO, duge 5,6 It (kc) hn hp khi A gdm NO va N, Bist A ngng 7.2.gam. Kim loai Mla: AFe. B.Zn, CAL D.cu. Huong dn Gol 6 mol NO va N, lin ot 8x, y mol Ta c6 he phuong tinh Cor oe 30x +28y=7,2 Bao toan electron MoM +e NS 430 3N? ere 03-01 — mol 2N* +106 ->N, 1.50.15 mol 182 , on Véin= 3, M=27 (théa man) ‘Vay kim loi M la nhom (Al) = Chon C.Phuong php 4 BAO TOAN DIEN TiC “S 1. Noi dung phuong phép inh luat bao toan dign tich: Trong mot hé c6 lap. dign tich duge bao toan Vi du: Dung dich X gBm 0,3 mol Nat rong dung dich: ‘a mol K’; 0,1 mol HCO; 0,15 mol CO} va ee er 0,05 mol SO. Téng kh lrong musi trong dung dich X 1a Ap dung: A.29,5 gam. B. 34,6 gam. Co thé gidi quyét doe nhiéu dang bal ©.28,5 gam. —_D. 33,8. gam. ‘8p ign quan én phan Ung tong 68 VO aug din ee Eo Ap dung dinh luat bao toan dign tich, ta c6: ‘knéng la phan Ging oxi ~ hoa khit. 0.3 +a=0,1 +0,15.2 + 0,05.2 Vit phuong trinn héa hos & dang ion ag thu gon. Khéi lung mudi trong dung dich la: Thudng két hop bi béo toan khéi wong, bao toan nguyén 6. Céng thie c&n nhé: Mien) = 2 Paemét Mo = My +My Meo, +Mag. Mop 3.23-+0,2.39+0,1.61 +0,15.60+0,05:96 .8gam + Chon B. BD 2. Vi du minh hoa ‘Vi dy 1: Dung dich X chia cae ion: 0,1 mol Fe, 0,2 mol Al*, x mol CI’, y mol SO >. (C6 can dung dich X thu dug 46,9 gam mu6i khan. Gia tr cla x va y an luot la: ‘A.0,124,va 0,388. 8. 0,320-va 0,290. C. 0,290 va0,305. D. 0,584 va 0,158. Huéng dn + Ap dung dinh luat bao toan dign ich, ta 6: 0,1.3 + 02.3 = x+ 2y x + 2y + Kndi lung mu6i khan: m=M,.s,+Mjs +Mgy + Mop 46,9 =0,1.56 + 0,2.27 + 35,5x +96y + 35,5x + 96y = 35.9 ("). K&t hop (*) va ("), ta durge: x = 0,584; y = 0,158, = Chon D. ® 9 (*).‘Vi du 2: Dung dich X chit 0,12 mot Na’;x mol $0; 0,12 molCr va 0,05 mol NH. Cho 300 mi dung dich Ba(OH), 0,1M vao X én Khi ce phan tng xdy a hoan toan, lo be két tia thu dug dung dich ¥. C8 can Y thu duge m gam chétrén khan. Git cde m ls A.7,190. B. 7,020. ©.7,875. D. 7,708. Hung din Pawo =0:3.0:1=0,03 mol n,,. = 0,08 mok;n.,, = 0,06 mol ++ Ap dung dinh luat bao toan diéntich cho dung dich X: 0,12 + 0,08 = 2x + 0,12 + x = 0,025 mol + Khi them dung dich Ba(OH), vao X, xy ra cdc phan tng: NH; +OH > NH,%+H,0 Ba* +SO; + BaSO,1 0,05 0.08 0,03 0,025 = 001 0,05 0,005 - 0,025 Dung dich Y chita cae ion: 0,12 mol Na*, 0,12 mol Cr’, 0,01 mol OH va 0,005 mol Bat. ki lwong cht rén khan ta: MaMg. +My, +My, +Mgye =0,12.23-+0,005.197 +0,12.36,5+0,01.1 7,875 gam, =» Chon ©. \Vidy 3: Hea tan hod toan hén hop abm x mol FeS, va 0,15 mol Cu,S vao dung aon axt HINO, (vita 6, thu age dung ich X (eh chia hai mu6i sunfat) va khi NO duy nhét Gis iota xia: 8.0060. 8B. 0,150, ©.0.075. D. 0,300. Hung dn X chi chia 2 mudi sunfat, kh NO la duy nt ~»S d& chuyén hét thanhSO?- 'Béo ton nguyén t6 Fe, Cu va Strong pan ng Fe*:x fees X jg MEX {ou 08 a SOF 244045 Béo ton dign tich trong dung dich X: 3x + 0.8.2 = 2.(2x + 0,15) + x= 033. + Chon D.Phuong phép 5 PHUONG PHAP BUONG CHED “1. Noi dung phuong phap Phuong phap duéng chéo la mt trong nihting phuong phép hdu higu dé giai nnhanh bai tap héa hoc & nhigu dang bai kende nau (bai todn cé ti khéi, dai long trung binh, pha ché dung dich, ...) ‘Thuong ap dung cho ca bai ton hn hop cha 2 thanh phan ma yéu cu bai toan la xéc din #16 2 thanh phan 66, DZ 2Viduminn hoa Tider Mosca Marana oes Vi du: Trong ty nhién Cu o6 2 déng vila Cu va Cu. Nguyén ti khéi trung binh ‘ola Cu la 63,54, cita clo la 35,5. Phan tram {dng vj Cu trong ty nhién la A.2T%. B.77%. ©. 23%, D. 73%. Huong din ‘Ap dung phurong phap duréng chéo ta cé: cum #69). 65~63.54= 148 Jeet cum =65)*6s,54-69 = 04 Cu _ 146 Tapagaa100%=73% Vi di 1 Cho 6,12 gam Mg téc dung vei dung dich HNO, thu éurge dung dich X chi o6 ‘mot mudi va hn hop kh Y gdm NO va N,O 6 ti khbi ha G6i v6i hidro bang 16,75. Thé tich NO va NO (Gktc) thu duge lan hagt a: ‘A.2,240 It va 6,720 lit. ©.0,672 lit va 2016 lt B.2,0161Itva 0,672: D. 1,972 lit va 0,448 I. Hugng din Goi s6 mol cia NO Va NO lin let 8x, y mal ‘Ap dng phurong phap duémg chéo ta ob: M, = 16,75: NO(M=30) 10,5 x_105_3 335 > x-3y= 00°) N,O(M 244) ™ 35 y 36 $2 «0,255 mol Bao toan electron: Mg—> Mg" +2e NS+3e3N7 0.255 0,51 mol xox mol 2NS + 80 — 2N" =. 0,51 = ax + By (*4) By 2y molIeee HDMI Tu (7) va (") ta 66: x= 0,09 va y = 0,08. Vay thé tich cc ki thu durge la: Vg) = 0,09.22,4= 2,016 it Vigo =0.08.22,4= 0,672 Iit = Chon B. i. ‘Vidu2: 6 chy hodn toan hén hop 2 hirocacbon ding dng ké tp, thu due 7,82 gam (CO, va 5.04 gam H,0. Thanh phan phan tram vb thé tich cia mi chSt trong hn hop du A.25% va 75%. B.30%vA70%. 0.40% va60%. D. 20% va 80%. Hugng dn Neo, FeCl, + 2FeCl, + 44,0 0,02 0,16 mol Vay Varo 48 = Chon D. 16 it. Vidy 2: Hoa tan hoan oan 5,68 gam hn hop X 6 dang bot gbm S, FeS va FeS, trong dung dich HNO, dc néng, du thu dirge 0,69 mol NO, (sn phim kh duy nh) va dung dich Y. Cho dung dich ¥ tac dung v6i dung dich BaCl, du thu duge m gam Ket tia Git ia ml A. 10,486. B. 11,650 ©. 17,545. 20,970. Huéng din Fe: x mol Quy ai nbn hop X than { oe “Theo inh hut bdo toan khbilzong, ta ob: 86x + 82y = 5,68 *)‘Qua trinh nhuéng - nh electron Fe>Fe™ +3e N° +e -9N" x 3x 0.69 — 0,69 S+S* +66 yo ey Bao toan electron: 3x + 6y = 0,69 ("*) 05 os SO} +Ba"* + BaS0, 4 009 009 Vay kndi luong két ta thu due la: = Chon D. Tir (1) va ("*) ta 06: 09.233 = 20,97 gam. Vi du 3: Cho 11.96 gam hén hgp A gdm Fe, FeO, Fe,0, va Fe,0, phan ting hét véi ‘dung dich HNO, loing (du), thu duge 1,344 lt khi NO (san phim Khir duy nt, & dt) vva dung dich X. C6 can dung dich X thu dirge m gam muéi khan, Git cia m la: 8.36.30. B, 38,72. ©. 49,09, 24,36. Huéng dan Quy dBi hn hop A thanh {Fe: mol Ory mol ‘Theo dinh Iuat bao toan khéi luong, ta c6: 56x + 16y = 11,36 (*) 1344 _ Tho = $88 0,06 mot (Qué trinh nhurémg - nan electron Fe—Fe+3e 0+2e+07 x 3K mol 2y-y mol Ne+3e5N2 0.18 — 0,06 mol Bo toan electron: 3x ~2y = 0,18 ("*) 118 > Myon, =0.18 mol THe) vac) ta oof 05 h6i inong mu6i thu aug lm =0,16.242 = 98,72 gam. — Chon B. ®PHAN 1: LOP 12Phan 1 LY THUYET TRONG TAM BS i. Este a. Khai ‘Ancol la nhong hop chat hitu co trong phan tty c6 nhém OH lign két trye tiép véi aguyén tir cacbon no. ‘Axit cacboxylic I8 nhting hop chét hou ‘co ma phan tir c6 nhém cacboxyl (-COOH) lign két truc tiép voi nguyén tir cacbon hoe nguyén ti hiro. Khi thay thé nhom -OH & nhom cacboxyl cia axit cacboxylic bing nhém -OR’ (R’ # H) thi dugc este. b. Danh phap + Ten este = Ten géc hidrocacbon + Tén ‘96c axit RCOO (audi “at") + M@t 96 g6c hidrocacbon thong gap: CH=: metyl C,H. phenyl C.H,~ ety C\H.CH,-: benzyl CH=CH vinyl (CH,),0" ter-butyl (CH,= CH-CH,: anlyl (CH,CH,CH,CH,=: butyl CH,CH(CH,)CH,~: isobuty! CH,CH,CH(CH,)-: sec-butyl + Mot s6 anion géc axit thudng a8p: HCOO-: fomat CH,COO-: axetat ‘CH,CH,COO-: propionat @ ESTE - LIPIT Vidy: Anco etylic(C,H,0H) thanh phn chinh trong rugu bia ‘Vi dA fomic (HCOOH) trong noc kién, anit axetic(CH,COOH) trong gidm an, 6 a RCOOH ——> RCOOR’ CH,COOH —+cH,COOCH, ‘Vi dy: Chat X 06 ong thire céu tao (CH,COOCH,CH, Ta goi ten X nhur sau: CH,COO-CH,CH, oly! axetat Vay X 1 ety! axetat«Tinh ohdt vat Tin gal|cogeae Powe * Cac este Ia chat lng hose chdt rén 6 digu kign thuéng va ching rat it tan trong Isoamy! xetat] CH,COOCH,CH,CH(CH,) nuée. +f, (este) RCOOH+R'OH s: CH;COOCH, +H- OH“ =—>CH,COOH + C,H.OH ‘= Phan dng thiy phan trong moi trubng kibm (phn Ging xa phong ha) a phan ng mot chibu, RCOOR's NaOH" >RCOONa+R'OH Vi dy: HCOOCHH, +NaQH—* >HCOONa + C.H,OH dn mg 66tohay este no, don che, mech hi an-2, 2 Vidy: cr.coocH, +20, +300, +3440 CHO. + ‘0, "nO, +nH,0 Mét sé phn Ung khéc + sto khdng no tham gia phan Ung cng va phan ng tring hep. Vi du: Met acryato6 phan ing céng véi dung dich brom va e8 phan img tring hep CH, = CHCOOCH, +Br —> CH,Br-CHBrCOOCH; NCH, = CH-COOCH, —"#*-»{CH, -CH, bo0cH, + Este HCOOR 06 phan ting trang guong ging andehit. {mol HCOOR #2, 2 mol Ag + Este cia phenol phan img voi kiém du tao ra 2 mudi va nuéc. Vidy: ~~ HCOOC-Hs + 2NaOQH—"—»HCOONa + C;H-ONa +H,0 @@. Bibu ché Phan img este ha COOH + R'OH "=" >RCOOR'+ HOH Vid: (CH;COOH +HO-[CH,} ~CH(CH, ==" CH,COO -[CHy}, -CH(CH, jo + H:0 ‘Arcot oame amy aaa Phan tmg riéng diéu ché vinyl axotat CH.COOH+ CH= CH—S" 5CH,COOCH = CH, §.Ung dung Apatow 1). + Cong thie t8ng quat cia este tao bd axit don chute, no, mach hd va ancol don chire ro, mach hé 6 dang: C,H,,.,COOC,H.,., ay C.H,O, (n 2). (Vi dy: Este dau day dbng ding la HCOOCH, o6 céng hire phan ti C,H,0,) + Chon B ‘Vi dy 2: Nngn inh ndo sau day la Khéng ding? [A Ten este RCOOR’ gm tén gbc hidrocacbon R' + tén gBe axt(4U0i “a BB. Khithay nhém ~OH cia axt cacboxyiic thanh nhém -OR' thi duge este. C. Phan dg thiy phan este trong mi rung kibm la phan Ung métchidu va gol l& phain dng x8 phéng héa, . Phan ding thy phan este trong moi trromg axl phan ding mat chidu va goi phan Ling este nda Hyéng dn ‘AGiing vi ten este RCOOR’= t8n g6c hidrocacbon R'+ ten g6c axit RCOO (dubi “at. Vid: CH,COOC.H, 05 t8n fa ety axetat. B ating vi khi thay thé nhém ~OH 6 nhém cacboxy cla axit cacboxyic bang nhém ~OR’ thi duge este. RCOOH —> RCOOR’ C dung vi phan (rng thiiy phan este trong mdi trudng kiém la phan ing mot chiéu (phan «ng xd pong hea). RCOOR' +NaQH—*+RCOONa +R'OH D sai vi pining thy phn est trong mal téng axit la phan img thun nghich, Vi du: CH,COOGH, + H,0="#2"—2cH,COOH + C.H,0H ~ Chen D. e@\Vidy 3: Céng thire nao sau day o6 thé la cong thie cla chdt béo? ‘A.CH,COOCH.CH, B.C,,H,,COOCH, ©. (C,H,,C00),C.H, D.(CH.,COO),6H,. Huéng dn Chat béo a trieste cia glixrol voi axit béo, gol chung la trgixeit hay triaxygixeal. Cong thire edu tao chung cia chat béo: ReOO-cH, RECOO- CH R'C00-CH, (tong 46 R', Re, Ra g6e hidrocacbon, cé thé giéng nhau hos Kha nhau) Voi cée chat a8 bai cho, chi e6 (C,H,,COO),C,H, la chat béo. = Chon D. Vi u 4: Phat biéu nao sau day khng ding? [A Tiolein 6 kha néng tham gia phan ting cng hiro Khi dun néng o6 xtc te Ni B, Céc chat béo thuéng khdng tan trong nuse va nhe hon nude ©. Chat béo atest cia etyen glial véi cfc axl béo D. Trong phan ing este héa, exit sunfurc vira tam xdo te viva 0 te dung hit utc, do 46 lam tng higu suat tao este. Huéng din ‘A.ling violin 6 kh nding tham gia phn tng cg hidro kh dun néng 66 xc tc Nitgo tistearin (Ci7HssCOO)s CoH + 3H, —*—>(CpHaeCOO)s Css 8 ciing vi fe cht béo thutmg Khéng tan trong nue va nhe hon nus. sai vi cht béo la triste cia alter v6i a bo. Crs -COOCH, Vide: tistearin Gy, GOOCH Crths -COOCH, © dling vi rong phan tng este hda ngudita dng ax sunurc via am xic tc via 06 te yng hit aust 46 lam tang higu sud tao este = Chen 6. @2. Bai tap ty luyén Cau 4 (1D: 14624) Este X 06 cng thie cu tao thu gon CH,COOCH,CH,CH,, Vay tn gol cia Xl ‘A. metyl butiat B. propyl axetat, ©. ety! propionat. D. isopropyl axetat. (Cau 2 (ID: 14625) Este C,H,COOCH, cf tén la ‘A. mety propionat B. motyl este. . ety! mety este D. ely! propionat (Cau 3 (ID: 14626) Chat nao sau day thudc logi este no, don chive, mach he? ‘A.CH,= CHCOOCH,. B. CH,COOC,H, ©. CH,COOC.H,. D. CH,COOGH = CH,, (Cau 4 (1D: 14628) Tipanmitin o6 cbng thie la: A.(CyH,,COO), GH,. B.(CH,gCOO), C.H,. ©.(C.gH,,COO), CH. D.(C,,H.jCOO), GH,. ‘Cau 5 (ID: 14644) Nhan xét nao sau day khéng Ging? ‘A. Hidro héa hoan toan triolein hod trinolein dBu thu duge tristearin. B. Chét béo [a este cia glixerol va cc axit C. Dau ma agng vat bi i thiu do C = C bi oxi héa cham trong khdng kh! tao peoxit, chét nay bj phan hy tgo sn phm o8 mui kh chi. . Chat béo ne hon nuéc va khong tan trong nuée. Cau 6 (1D: 14652) Cac este thutng c6 mdi thom a8 chiu:Isoamyl axetat o6 mai chubi chin, ‘ly! butirat ob mai dira chin, ety! isovalerat c6 mui téo,... Este co mui chu6i chin o6 cong thi cfu tao thu gon la: ‘A.CH,COOCH,CH(CH,),. B. CH,COOCH,CH,CH(CH,), ©.CH,COOCH,CH(CH, )CH,CH, D. CH,COOCH(CH, )CH,CH,CH,. (Cau 7 (ID: 18411) Cho céc phat bibu sau: (2) Chat bo nhe han music, Khong tan trong nus nnung tan trong céc dung moi hou co” kknéng phan cue. (0) Chat bé0 Ia treste cia glixerol vi cdc axit bee. () Phan ing thiy phan chat béo trong mi truéng kiém la phan dng thuan nghich. (4) Tistearin 66 nhigt 49 néng chay cao hon nhigt 46 néng chai cia triolein. 86 phat bidu ding la: a2 BA. 4. D3. own (a [zalaeleo[ss]ee[ 7. @Dang 2: sng phan 1. Phuong phap gid + Céng thure tinh dd bat bo hoa k: CHONG, Bedeystea * Bbng phan cia este no, don chic, mach hdr ng thire:{S8 ang phan = 2° (n <5) * dng phan cia este Khéng no, don hire, mach he Cha y + DB bai hdl 86 dng phan thi phai tinh 4 dng phan inh ng. + DB bai héi sé dng phan cu tao thi Kong tin dng phan hinh gc. + Bibu kign o6 dng phan hinh hoe: Ae t ab joc: pO Ng leva Vi dy: $6 dng phan este ing v6i cong thie phan ti C,H,0, fa A2 B4 C6 D8. Huéng dn Tinh 49 bat bao hoa k CHO, k= 4242-8. 2 — Este no, don chirc, mach ha. lich 1: Ligtké cdc déng phan RCOOR’ S6C(R+R)=3=043=14 Tu 46 ta 06 céc déng phan sau: HCOOCH,-CH,-CH, CH,COOC.H, HCOOCH-CH, _C,H,COOCH, cen 2: Bina ca tet han ‘86 dng phan = 292 = 2 = 22= 4 ~ Chon B. Vi dy: Este X 06 c6ng thire phan tir C,H,0,,. $6 dng phan mach hi cia X ta A2 B4 66 DB Hugng dn Tinh a6 bat bao hoa k C0, k= 4242-8 2 = Este o6 hai lién két m (117 trong nhém chive v8 1 Ta) S6C(R+R)=3=204+3=2142=244 Tir 46 ta c6 cc déng phan sau: HCOOCH=CH-CH, (06 déng phan hinh hoc) HCOOCH,-CH=CH,, HCOOP = CH, H, CH,COOCH=CH,, CH.=CHCOOcH, =X 066 dng phén mach he = Chon ¢. 2ne Me esc} + Bang phan cia este chia véng tham Vi du: $6 cong thie cu tao ela este X (C,H,0,) la: A. B.4. 5. D6. Huéng an Tinh 46 bat bao hia k C,H,0; k= 822-8 5 — Este don cht, chia mét ving thom dang RCOOR. S6C(R+R)=7=0+7=146=6+1 —+ Cac déng phan este chira ving benzen cia C,H,0, la Hee CHs met) ome) Cyn = chon D. + Dbng phan aia chat béo Tir n loai axit béo c6 thé tao ra ti da (ogi ch&t béo kha nhau. Vi dy: Bun néng glixerolv6i hn hop hai axit COOH va R'COOK (xéc tac H,SO, 6c) thi thu duge t6i da bao nhieu este? a3. BA. a5. D6. Huéng din ch 1: Ligtk8 cde déng phan TH 1: Este 66 3 g6e axit béo giéng nhau: (RCOO),C,H,, (R'COO),C} TH 2: Este 66 2 g6e axit béo giéng nhau: [2R + R] va [2R' +R] mBi td hop 66 2 dng phan R-cOOcH, ——-R-COOCH, R-COOCH, ——_-R“COOCH. R-COOCH ——R-COOCH coc R-COOCH, —-R-COOGH: R-COOCH. + C6 tt cd 6 déng phan (Cach 2: Sir dyng cOng thi tinh nhanh: $é este t6i da = Chon D, @2. Bai tp ty luyén ‘Cau 1 (ID: 30796) C6 bao nhieu este dng phan chu tgo cla nhau od cing cdng thie phan tH CH,.0.2 a6. 8.7, ©.8. D9. a2 (14825 34 og Pn et am Gn veg toe GH, AD. c.3. Ds. 209 iD: 1485) 88 an pn bu to este tn vt cng he 0, Ato 8.9. ©.7. D5. ‘Cau 4 (ID: 15394) Cho glixerol phan dng véi hén hop axlt béo gbm C,,H,.COOH va. C,.H,,COOH, Sé lai trieste t6 da tao ra la: A3 BA. c.5. D6. ‘Cu 5 (ID: 15395) Khi dun néng glixerol vei hén hop 3 axit béo: C.,H.,COOH, C,H,,COOH, C.,H,COOH 48 thu duge chét béo kha nau. Sé cong thre cu tao 06 thé 06 la bao nhidu? ‘A21 B18, 6.16 D.12. ‘Cau 6 (ID; 15426) Bun néng glixerol voi hn hyp bén axit: axit axetic, axit stearic, axit pan- mili va ait oleic 6 mat H,SO, 8c xtc te thu aug ti da bao nhiBu cht béo no? Ae. B.4. 8. De, cipn (oe [0 [+0 [SB] eA) Dang 3: Phan ing a6t chay 1. Phuromg phép git Vi dy: 86t chdy hoan toan mét long * Détchay este no, don chite, mach he GH,COOGH, thu éuge 0,3 mol Khi CO, 0,—3nC0,+nH,0 (Bk). $6 mal nuée thu duge la A.0,t mol B.0.2 mol ‘Céng thie: [Reo, = Riso] €.0,3mol. —_D. 0,4 mol. Hugng dn 0 BBtchdy esto ma ta kb vin ete a6 no, on che, mach 46h TT theo phuong tinh née Hee v.06 cng thie bg quia C.H,0,(022). CH.COOCH, 20, —* +300, + 310 03 +03 (C&ch 2: Str dung céng thi tinh nhanh Te 05: CH,COOCH, ia mot este no, don ccc, mach h& Mo =e Chon C. 3 mollien kat C=C. chi: ‘Bét chay este ma thita két luan este 46 don chirc, mach hd, c6 1 lign k&t C= C vi o6 cbng thie ting quat la 4H, .0,(02 3). ‘Bét chay met este bét kita lubn cé: [Roa, —Miua = (k= 1M vi k la d6 bat bao hoa cia este. ‘+ Ap dung ce dinh luat bao toan ‘Dinh luat bao toan nguyén t6: BINT C: 6 Cay) = Siete = oe Tam Pate BINT H: 66 Hg) = ese) = Bo Pon Pate BINTO: eens) + Norexpun= Reon) +Roo) €2 yup -$8.Q yun) + 2Roypur = Bes, + Myo ® Vi dy: Bt chy hoan toan 0,15 mol CH,COOCH = CH, thu durge 0,6 mol ki CO, (Gktc). $6 mol nude thu dug la: A015 mol, B.0,25 mol ©.035mo. —_.0.45 mol Hudng din Céch 1: Tinh theo phuong trinh héa hoc CHCOOCH= CH +20, +400, +340 06 +045 (Céch 2: Sr dyng cng thie tinh nhanh Ta cb: CH,COOCH = CH, la mét este don hire, mach he, 06 1 ibn kB C= C ? Roxcoocticr = Reo, — Mo ~ngo =0,8-0.15 = 0,48 mol = Chon D, Vi dy: 86 chay haan toan 0.1. mol CH,COOGH, cn dling @ mol Kh ©,, thu ‘due b mol khi CO,. Gi tr cia a va b lin lugt la: A.0,35¥8030. 8.0.90 va0,30. €.0.35va035. 0.0.30 va 0.35 Hudng dn BINT C: $6 Cay) = 22% co 3 = ED se 0, Neg, =3.0,1=0,3 mol BINTH: as = Mo co 6 = se no =0,3 mol BINTO: ++ oon) = Meo +Ro4o een 560 ua) +2Ojar =2Mco, + Myo 201.2 +2Moyge =2-0,9403 = Rope =0,95 mol = Chen A. eee)inh lugt bao toan khéi lrgng: Ch 1: Mg, = me +m, +My ‘Trude phan ang 2.Vidy minh hoa. Vi dy: B8t chy hoan toan m gam mot ‘este no, don chirc, mach hé can ding (0,36 mol khi O,, Sau phan tng thu duge thu due 0,3 mol khi CO, . Gi tr ca m i AT3. B74 6.75. D768. Huéng din Do este ban dau l& no, don chirc, mach he EN Meo, = Ma =03 mol cach 1: ‘Ap dung dinh luat bao toan nguyén ts een) = Peo, = 0.8 mol Pees) = 2h =0,6 mol Moje) = Ben, +0 ~2Nojy = 0-2MOI mg, =m, tM, +My 0:3.12+06.140.2.16 =7.4 gam Catch 2: Mase + Meg = Meo, + M0 > Mae = Meo, + MO — Mops 44 +0,3.18-0,95.32 = Chon B. Vi dy 1: B6t chay hoantoan moteste no, don chute, mach hé th thdy 86 mol CO, sinh ra bing s6 mol 0, & phan tng, Tén goi ca este ls A. otyl axctat C. n-propyl axetat. B. metylfomiat. D. metyl axetat. ®Huong dn ‘Goi cong thitc ting quat cia este no, don chitc, mach hé X ta C,H,,0, (n 22). Gia 88 noo, =o, =1 mol. Phuong trinh héa hoe: 30-2, CoH Oe + 2 ‘0, —+nCO, +nH,O- Theo Pr: a) Theat Po mal n-on=2 ~+ Este la HCOOCH,(Metylfomiat) = Chon B. Vi dy 2: Bét chay hain toan 7.4 gam mét este dom chic X thu duge 6,72 It ki CO, (dktc) va 5,4 gam nude. Céng thire phan tir cla X 1a: A.CHO,. B.CH,0, c.C Hy D.CH,0, Huéng dn 72 _ I: yo = = Pea, = 9p.4 709 MO Myo = Fe = 0:9 mol Do 26 mol CO, bing e6 mol H,O nén este ban abu ne, don chire, mach hd. ch 1: Tinh theo phuong tinh héa hoe Goi céng thite chung cia este X l&:C,H,,O, (02). Ta 66: hes = 3n-2, 1. Tan+30 Phuong trinh héa hoc: C,H,,0, + 8°=29," snco, +nH,O 03 mol ich 2: Sir dung cde nh at bo toan ‘Theo inh lugt bdo toan nguyén tb: ne =Nco, =O:8 makin =2ryo =0,6 mal Too anh Wut bdo ton kndilvong: m= m, +m, + my mM, Mg Me My = 3.2. gam 2. mol —n, Dosa con cc tee = re =f.02-0%m +86 Cleste) = 222 - 3 + Céng thire cia este la: C,H,0,. = Chon B, @\Vidy 3: X fa hn hop 2 este don che (tao bBi cing mgt ancol véi 2 axit lién ip trong {ay dBng éang), Bét chy ho8n toan 29,2 gam X duge 1,4 mol CO, va 1,4 mol H,0. Cong thde phan ti 2 este la A.CHH,O, va C,H,0,. B.CH,0, va C,H,0,. €..C1H,0,8 C,H,.0,. D.CH,0,va C,H,.0,. Huong on Do sé mol CO, biing ¢6 mol H,O nén hal este ban dau no, don chise, mach Goi cbng thize chung ea hai este la: CH,;0. (n> 2). ‘Theo dinh luét bdo toan khéi wong: m.,, = m, +m, +m, =m, —m,—m, =14.12-1,4.2 ,6 gam 0,6 mot Trong este co 2 nguyén tir O > Na 3 mol Fale 44 = inh = A= = M4 467 ‘86 C trung bi maa Vay hai este Ia: C,H,0,v8 C,H,,0,, + Chon C. Vi du 4: Bét ehay hoa toan m gam hn gp céc este no, don chite, mach he. San phd ‘chay duroc dln vao binh dung dung dich nue vai trong dur théy khi wong binh tang 6,2 ‘gam, Sé mol H,O sinh ra va kh long két tia tao ra lin lugt la ‘A.0,10 mol; 12,0 gam. B. 0,10 mot; 10,0 gam. ©. 0,01 mot; 10.0 gam. . 0,01 mot; 1.2 gam. Huéng dn hi d6t chay este no, don chiro, mach hd: feo, = Ryo = x mol Ta.05: Magy Mess +Myo =62 © dx +18x =6.2 > x=04 Ki din sin phn chay qua dung éich nude v6i trong du thi CO, 88 phén ng v6i Ca(OH), 490 két tia CaCO; CO, + Ca(OH), + CaCO; +H,0 OAmol > 0,1 mal 1.400 =10gam. “> Mayes = Meco, = Chon B.3, Bal tap ty luyén ‘Cau 1 (ID: 17933) Mét este no, don chitc, mach hé khi chay cho 3,6 gam H,0 va Vit CO, (Gk). Git cia Vt A224 B.1,12 ©..3,36 D448 ‘Cau 2 (ID: 17935) B6t chay hoan toan a gam hn hop céc este no, dan chire, mach ha. ‘San phim chay duge dn vao binh dung nuréc voi trong dur, théy kh rong binh tang 6.2 gam. $6 mol CO, va H,0 sinh ra lan luot a A.0,10va 0,10. B. 0,10 va 0,01 6.0.01 va0,10. D.0,01 va 0,01 (Cau 3 (1D: 17936) Khi dt chay 0,1 mol este C,H,,.0,(n2 3) ta thu éuugc 0,3 mol CO,, y mol HO. Gia tr ota y ta 4.020. 8.0.10. c..008. 0.0.30, (Cau 4 (1D: 17938) Bd chay hoan oan 7,8 gam este X thu duge 11,44 gam CO, va 4,68 gam H,0. Céng thire phan tir cia este la A.O}H.0, B.C,H,0, 6.C,HO, D.C,H,0, Cau 5 (ID: 17947) Hn hop X gdm vinyl axetat, metyl axetat va ely! fomat. B6t chay hoan toan 3,08 gam X thu duzge 2,16 gam H,0. Phin trim 6 mol cia vinyl axetat trong X A. 25,00%. B.27,02%. ©. 72.08%. D.75,00%. (Cau 6 (ID: 30799) Bdt chay hoa toan hin hep X gBm: ety! axetat, metylaxetatrbicho tozn bo sn phdm chay vao binh (1) dung dung dich H,S0, dc du, binh (2) dying dung dich Ba(OH), du. Két thic thi nghigm thdy khéi lugng binh (1) tang thém m gam, Binh (2) thu urge 10,835 gam két tia, Gid tr oa m la A090. 8.0.99, 6.081 D. 1.08 (Cau 7 (1D: 30808) X 1a hén hop hal este don chat (tao bdi cling mot axit voi hal anol én tibp trong day dng dng). Bét chay hodn to&n 21,4 gam X duge 1,1 mol CO, va 0,9 mol H,0. Céng thie phan tir hai este A.C}H,0, vaC.H,0, B..C,H,0, v8 G,H,,0,. ©.0,H,0, va C,H,0, D..O,H,0, va CHO, dapan (1-p | 2-a | 3-A] 4-c | 5-a | 6-8] 7-8 ®19 4: Phan dng thy phan 1. Phuong phap gid * Phan tig thiy phan trong ml trong exit RCOOR'+H,0—“* >RCOOH+R'OH + Phan Gg thiy phan trong mdi trrémg kidm (phan tng xa pong ha) RCOOR's NaQH—" >RCOONa+R'OH Vi dy: Bun ning esto CH,COOC,H, tong smoiturong att thanh hing sn pdm gi? A.C}H,COOH, C#,0H 8. CH,COOH, CH,CHO ©. CH,COOH, CH,CHO. D. CH,COOH, C.H,0H ‘Huong din Phuong tinh héa hoe crsco0cs «Hho +cH4C00H HOH Vay ce sin phdm te0 thanh le CH,COOH va C,H,0H = chon D Vi dy: Bun néng este CH,COOC,H, voi mt lugng vira di dung dich NaOH tao thanh nhdng san phim gi? ‘A. C,H,COONa, CH,OH. B. C,H,COONa, CH,CHO. ©. CH,COONa, CH,CHO. D. CH,COONa, C,H,0#. Hudng din Phuong trinh héa hoc CH.COOGH, +NaOH—* +CH.COONS + C.H.OH Vay cc san phim tgo than i: CH,COONa va C,H,0H. = Chon D. + Mot sé trudng hop thiy phan este dic bist (ta0 andehit, xeton, phenolat) Vi dy: Bun néng este CH,COOCH=( phim thu duge la ‘A. CH,=CH,COONa + CH: = CH-OH 4 CH -CH=0 © day, sau khi thy phan ta thu dupe mubi CH,COONa va m6t ancolkhéng bn CH.=CH-OH, ancol nay lp tr bi chuyn hea thanh andebit CH, CHO. Vay cde san phim thu duge l&: CH,COONa va CH,CHO. + Chon B. Vi dy: Bun néng este CH,COOC(CH,}=CH, voi mot lugng vira di dung dich NaOH, sn phim thu duge ‘A. CH,=CHCOONa va CH,OH. B. CH,COONa va CH,COCH,, ©. CH,COONa va CH,=C(CH,)OH. D. C,H,COONa va CH,OH. Huong dn Phuong tinh ha hoc: (CH,COOCICH, )= CH, +NaQH—">CH,COONa + CH, = C(CH,)-OH ey CH; —C(CH;)=O © aay, sau khi thy phan ta thu dugc mudi CH,COONa va mét ancol Khong bin CH,=C(CH,) - OH, ancol nay lap tae bi chuyBn héa thanh xeton CH,COCH,. ‘Vay cae sn phdm thu duc la: CH,COONa va CH,COCH,, Chon B, Vi dy: Khi thay phn HCOOG,H, trong moi trréng kiém du th thu dug ‘AA mudiva 1 anco B. 2mubi va nude. 6.2 musi D.2nugu va nuse. Huéng ain Phuong tinh ha hoc: HCOOC.H, + 2NaQH—" sHCOONa + CH,ONa + H.0 © ay, khi thdy phan este cia phenol ta sé thu dug hén hop 2 mudi va nude, = Chon B. ®2. Vidy minh hoa ‘Vid 4 Chit do sau di ki dun néng vb dung dich NaOH thu duge sn phim ob andehit? A. CH.=CH-COO-CH,-CH,, B, CH,-COO-C(CH,)=CH,. ©. CH,-COO-CH,-CH=CH.. D. CH,-COO-CH=CH-CH, Hudng dan Ce phuong tinh hd he: CH, = CH-COO- CH, ~CH, +NaOH—*+CH, = CH~COONa + CH, ~CH, ~OH (ancol) CH, -COO-C(CH,) = CH, «NaOH +H, -COONa + (CH): ~G =O (xeton) (CH, -COO-CH, - CH = CH; +NaOQH—"+CH, ~ COONa+ CH, = CH~CH, ~ OH (ancol) Ht, -COO~CH=CH-CH, NaOH —sCH, -COONa + CH, ~CH, -CH= 0 (aneehit Chon D. Vic 2: Xa phéng héa hodn ton 4.4 gam CH,COOC,H, bang mét ema dung dich NaOH vira di C6 can dung sich sau phan ig, thu étuge m gam mubi kan. Git ca m Add B52. 25, D. 1.4, 4a Huéng dn coors = Ge = 0,05 mol Ta cb: Now Fg ~ 0.08 mol Phuong trinh ha hoo: CH.COOC.H, + NaOH" 5 CH.COONa + CH,0H 0,05 > 0,05 mol > moxcoons = 0,058.82 = 4,1 gam + Chon A. Vi dy 3: Xa phong héa hoan toan 4,4 gam CH,COOC,H, bing 300 mi dung dich NaOH 0,2M. C6 can dung dich sau phan tng, thu duge a gam chét rén khan. Gié tr cla ala A858. 8.3.28 ©.6.40. 4,50. Huéng din Tab: naxsooen = 44 0,05 mot raon =0,3.0,2=0,06 mol — NaOH dur (CH,COOC;H, + NaOH—" >CH.COONa + C.H,0H 0.05 > 0,05 0,05 mol 08 - 0,05 = 0.01 mol ‘Mencoone + Mons 0,05.82+0,01.40= 4,5 gam = Ponar + Chon D.B+ mon Hoa hoc ki t Vi dy 4: Cho 13,6 gam phenyl axetat tc dung véi 200 mi dung dich NaOH 1,5M dun rnéng. Sau khi phan ding xdy ra hoan ton thu duoc dung dich X. CO can X thu duge b gam cohdt rén khan. Gia tr cba bia: A856. B. 32,80. 64,00. . 23,80. Huong dn $38 «0,1 mot msn =02.15 =0,3 mol — NaOH dur Ta 6: Rencooys 136 Phuong trinh hia hoo: (CHyCOOCGH, + 2NaOH—*>CH,COONa + CH.ONa+H,0 01 > 02 + Of + of mol = Mucus = 0:3—0,2 = 0,1 mol + Man = B= Mecoone + Mejeons + Monar =0.1.82+0.1.116 +0,1.40 = 23,8 gam = Chon D. \Vi dy 5: Cho 0,05 mol tristearin (C,,H,,CO0),C,H,) téc dung haan toan véi dung dich NaOH du. dun néng, thu duoc m gam alixero. Gia rela m a: A278. B46. 6.92 D144, Huong dn Phuong tinh héa he (CyH4000),C4H, + 8NaOH—"+30,,H,,COONa + CH, (OH), 0.05 > 005 mol + Mpg, = 0.08.92 = 4,6 gam + Chon B 3. Bal tap ty yen (Cau 1 (1D: 15442) Xa phong hoa hoan toan a mol tilein rong dung dich NaOH vira 4 thu Gur9¢ @ mol glixerol va ‘A.3a mol natr oleat B.amol axit oleic. . 3a mol ait oleic, D.a mol nat leat. (Cau 2 (ID: 15443) Cho 0,15 mol tristearin téc dung ho’n ton véi dung dich NaOH du. Bun ning thu duxge m gam glixero. Gi tr cia m la A278, B.92 0.144 0.138. (Cau 9 (ID: 15444) Xa phong hod hodn to&n 89 gam chat béo X bing dung dich NaOH thu duvge 9.2 gam glixerol vam gam xa phong. Git cla ml A918 8.838 c.798 D982. ®‘cau 4 (ID: 15469) Phat bidu ding la: ‘A. Phan ting gita axit va ancol cb mat H,SO, 6c a phan ng mot chib B, Tét cd cc este phn ting vei dung dich kiém luén thu éuge mu6i va anco C.Khi thdy phan chét béo luén thu dug C,H,(OH), D. Pha Ging thi phan este trong mai rung axit a phan ang thuén nghich, ‘Cau 5 (ID: 15475) Cho céc chat: triolein, mety! metacrylat, axit propionic, metylamonifomat, phenyl fomat. C6 bao nhigu chét trong s6 cde chét ten Kh tac dung voi dung dich NaOH thu urge ancol? AD B.3. 4. Ds. (Cau (ID: 15477) Este Xc& cong thite phan tr C,H,0,,. Bun ndng 8,0 gam X trong dung dich [NaOH via di dén khi phan ting xy ra hoan toa thu éurge m gam muéi. Gi tr cba ma 482 8.123. ¢.102 D. 150. Cu 7 (ID: 15480) Khi cho este X don chite tac dung vira dd véi NaOH thu dupe 9,52 gam nat fomiat va 8.4 gam ancol. Vay X ‘A. mety fomiat B. ety fomiat. . propyl fornia, D. buty fomiat ‘Cu 8 (ID: 15481) Xa phdng héa hoan toan 8,8 gam etyl axetat bang dung dich chira 8 gam NaOH, C6 can dung deh sau phan tng Airs hao nhidu gam chat rén khan? A.8,2 gam. B.12.2.gam, ©. 102 gam. . 14,0 gam cau 8 (ID: 15489) Tron 13,6 gam phenyl axetat vi 250 ml dung dich NaOH 1M. Sau ki phan mg x2y ra hoa ton, cB can dung dich durge m gam chat rin khan. Gia treba mf 82 B.216 ¢.198. 2.218 ‘cau 10 (10: 15486) Chét hau eo dan ehise X eb phan tr Khai bang 88 gamimol. Cho 17,6 {gam X tac dung v6i 300 mi dung dich NaOH 1M dun néng. Sau d6 dem c6 can dung dich ‘sau phan Ung thu duge 23,2 gam ba rén Khan. X 06 cng tho la A.C,H,COOH, —_B. HCOOCH, C.CH,COOCH,, _D.C.H,COOCH, Cau 11 (ID: 15552) Bun néng 0,2 mol este dam chitc X v6i 135 ml dung dich NaOH 2M. Sau hi phan ng xy ra hoan toan, c® can dung dich thu éugc ancol etylic va 19,2 gam chat ran khan, Cong thie edu tao cua X ta ‘A.CH,COOCH, B.C,H,COOC,H, _C.C,H,COOH.—_D.C,H,COOC.H,. Cau 12 (ID: 15596) Xa phong héa hoan toan 22,2 gam hén hgp 2 este gdm HCOOC,H, va CH,COOCH, bing dung dich NaOH 1M (dun néng). Thé tch dung dich NaOH t6 thibu cd dng la A, 400 mi B. 300 mi. 150 m. D. 200 ml (wa leo[sal eo [sa] oc] [nefes [o> [wo[ tales)Dang §: Phan ting este héa 1. Phurong phép gii RCOOH+R'OHz—=#=">RCOOR's HOH Higu suat phn (ng tinh theo chat hét trud. TH 1c < Pon AX a trv — Higu suat tinh theo axit. |= Detoriners 499941 Patna TH 2: pox 60% = Materinins 490% Pantene 05 + Peajnaneg = 0.8-60% = 0,3 mol Phuong trinh héa hoe: (CH,COOH +-C,H,OH "> CH,COOCH, + H.0. 03 +03 mol + hy = 0,8.88= 26,4 gam. = Chon A. \Vidy 3: Cho 0,1 mol axit don chic X phn Ging v6i 0,18 mol ancol don chire Y thu duge 3 gam este v6i higu sudt 60%. Vay tén goi cla este Ia ‘A. metylfomiat B. motyl axctat C. oly! axotat D. ety! propionat. eHuéng dn Este to béi axit dom chire va ancol don chire — Este dom chic Goi cong thire este la RCOOR’. Tacéin, arg * Ort MOL < 0,15 Mol = Ng uy > AK NBL rede —> Higu su tinh theo at Ta cb: H= etenoone 100% 22-50% = Meters. .100% Renton aa at 1.80% = 0,05 mol Pann ng = OF Phuong trinh héa hoc: RCOOH +R'OH “==> RCOOR'+H,0 0.05 0,05 mol > Mecoos : +1658 + Este la HCOOCH, voi tén gol fa mety! fomiat. + Chon A Vi dy 4: X la hn hop gdm HCOOH va CH,COOH (t 1é mol 1 : 1). Léy 21,2 gam X téc dung véi 23 gam C,H,OH (xtc tac H,SO, dc, dun néng) thu duge m gam hén hop este (higu sudt este hoa dbu dat 80%) Gi tr m la: 40.48, 8.23.40. ©. 48,80. D. 25,92. Huréng dn {Bat Poon = Rencoon =X MO! Ta 66: Macoon-+Mancoon = 242 gam <> 46K +60x=242 <> x= Meson =0,5 mol Titan micoonse =Racconss = 0,2.80% = 0,16 mol Phuong tinh héa hee: HCOOH + CH,0H =" +HCOOC.H, +H.0. 0,16 0.16 mol CH,COOH + CH,OH "> CH,COOCH, + H,0_ 0.16 0,16 mol + Me, = 016.74 + 0,16.88= 25,92 gam. + Chon b e@3. Bai tap ty luyen Cau 1 (ID: 19634) Yéu t6 nao sau day la dling khi néi v8 phan ing este hoa? 1. Hoan toan, 2, Thuan nghich, 3. Toa nhigt man, 4, Nhanh, 5. Cham. A138, B.2,4. ©.2,5. D.3,5. CCAu 2 (ID: 19644) Bun néng 6,0 gam C,H, OH véi 6,0 gam CH,COOH (cb H,SO, lam xtc tc, H% phan Ging este hod bang 50%). Khlong este sén phim la: ‘8.6.0 gam. B.44 gam, €.8,8 gam, D.5.2 gam. (Cau 3 (1D: 19650) Bun 12 gam axit axetic vi 19.8 gam etanol (06 H,SO, dc lam xdc tae) «én ki phan ing at t6i trang thai can bang, thu duc 11 gam este. Higu suat cua phan ting este hoa li A. 56.0%. B.50,0%, ©.62,5%. D. 75.0%. CCAu 4 (ID: 19657) Hén hop X gdm axit CH,COOH va axit HCOOH (118 mol 4: 1). Lay 5.3, ‘gam hn hop X dem téc dung v6i 5,75 gam C,H,OH (xic tac H,SO, dc) ta thu duge m gam hin hop este (Higu sual cia cdc phan ing este hod dBu bing 80%). Gia tr ca m la bao rihigu? 10.12. 8.6.48. ©.8.10. D. 16,20 (Cau 5 (1D: 20060) Thy hign phan Ging este héa m gam CH,COOH bang mét krong via di C,H,OH thu durge 0,02 mol este. Higu suat phan ting H = 60%. Gia tr cla ml: A.2,00. 8.072. ©.1,20. D.0,80. ‘Cu 6 (1D: 20094) Chia a gam axit axetic thanh 2 phan béng nhau. Phan 4: duvge trung hda vira dui v6i 05 lit dung dich NaOH 0.4M. Phan 2: tién hanh phan img este héa véi ancol elyic thu durge m gam este, Col nhy higu ‘sudt phan ng dat 100%, gi tri cia m lé bao nhiéu? A167. B.176. ©. 1966. D. 169. Cau 7 (1D: 20098) Cho 6,42 gam hn hgp X gdm hai axit cacboxylic no don chire, Ké tiép rnhau trong day ding dng tac dung v6i ancol etyic ldy dur, sau phan dng thu duge 9,22 gam hn hop hal este, Cong there eda hai ait ‘A. HCOOH, CH,COOH. B. CH,COOH, C,H,COOH. ©..0,H,COOH, C,H,COOH. .C,H,COOH, C,H,COOH, (Cau 8 (ID: 31032) Cho axitsalxylic (axito-hidroxibenzoic) phan tng v6 anhiritaxetic, thu urge axit axetysalxylic (0-CH,COO-C,H,-COOH) dng lam thuéc cam (aspirin). B& phan {ing hoan toan v6i 45 gam axit axetyisaixyic cin vira dV lit dung dich NaOH 1M. Gia tr oda V la A075. 8.0.25. 6.0485 D.0,95. pian (G28 ] oc] +e [sa] oe 7-e[ea) @BAI TAP TONG HOP C&u 1 (ID: 14643) Nhan inh ndo sau é8y la khéng dung? [A.Tén este RCOOR' gém:tén géc hidrecacbon R'+ ten anion gbe axl (Gud! ‘at’. B. Khi thay nhém OH cia axitcacboxylc thanh nhém -OR thi duge este. ‘C. Phan Gg thiy phan este trong ml truéng axitlé phan Ung thugn nghich . Este 06 nhiét d6 s6i thép hon axit va ancol e6 cing 6 nguyén th C vi este 66 kn lugng phan tir nhé hon. (Cu 2 (ID: 16425) Cho cae phat bidu sau (1) Xa phéng héa hodn toan chat béo thu duge axit béo va ancol (2) Phin tg este hod gira axit cacboxylic v6i ancol (xtc the H,SO, dc) Ia phan ing thuan ngich, (2) 6 nhiet a9 thong, chat béo tn tal & trang thai Ing (nhu tristearn..), hoe rn (nh triolein... (4) B6tchay hodntodn este no, mach hé luBn luén thu duge CO, va H,0 08 sé mol Bang hau. (8) Cac axit béo dau Ia cdc axit cacboxylic don chic, c6 mach dai va khong phan nhanh -va.c6 86 ch nguyén ti cacbon (ti 12.C an 24 C) 6 phat iu dng i AS. B.A. 3, D2, Cau 3 (ID: 15428) Cho céc phan tng X+NaOH—£9Y4Z, o Y + NaOH (rin) "2" 5CH, +P (2) cH, —“5a+H, ® Oro 42 ® Céc cht X va Y 06 thé a nhimng chét auge ghi day nao sau day? ‘A.CH,COOCH=CH, va.CH,COONa. ——_—B. CH,COOCH=CH, va CH,CHO. ©. HCOOCH=CH, va HCOONa, D. HCOOCH=CH, va HCHO, Cau 4 (ID: 15433) 86 hop chAt don chit, ding phan cia nhau cé cing cdng thie phan tr C.H,0,, du tac dung voi dung dich NaOH Ia AS BA cs D6. e