Mandalay Technological University

Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology

IT- 31035 Database Management System I
Tutorial – I
Date : 23.1.2020 Time allowed 1 hour
Attempt All Question
1. Define the following: (8 Marks)
(i) Database
(ii) Database Model
(iii) Transaction-processing application
(iv) Client/Server Architecture
2. What four main types of actions involve databases? (2 Marks)
3. Discuss some types of database utilities and tools and their functions. (5 Marks)
4. Discuss the main categories of data models. (5 Marks)
5. Discuss the differences between database systems and information retrieval systems. (5 Marks)

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 Mandalay Technological University
Department of Computer Engineering and Information Technology
IT- 31035 Database Management System I
Tutorial – I
Date : 23.1.2020 Time allowed 1 hour
Questions & Solutions
1. Define the following:
(i) Database (2 Marks)
Database is a collection of related data. Databases are used in every part of day-to-
day life. Examples of common database use include: depositing or withdrawing money
from a bank, making a travel reservation, accessing a library catalog, buying something
from the internet via a web page, etc.
These are examples of traditional database applications, where data is stored either
in textual or numeric format. Less traditional database applications that are starting to
become more popular include multimedia databases, which store pictures, video clips, and
sounds, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) that store maps, satellite images and
weather data.
(ii) Database Model (2 Marks)
A database model defines the logical design and structure of a database and defines
how data will be stored, accessed and updated in a database management system. The
most popular example of a database model is the relational model, which uses a table-
based format. Database models are:
 Hierarchical Model
 Network Model
 Entity-relationship Model
 Relational Model
(iii) Transaction-processing application (2 Marks)
A transaction process system (TPS) is an information processing system for
business transactions involving the collection, modification and retrieval of all transaction
data. TPS is also known as transaction processing or real-time processing. Examples of
Transaction-processing application:
 Reservation systems
 Point of sale terminals,
 Library loan system,
(iv) Client/Server Architecture (2 Marks)
The client/server architecture is a database architecture and it contains two
modules. A client module usually a PC that provides the user interface. A server module
can respond the user queries and provide services to the client machines.
2. What four main types of actions involve databases? (2 Marks)
Solution
 Database Administration,
 Database Designing,
 Database Users,
 System Analysis and Application Programming.
3. Discuss some types of database utilities and tools and their functions. (5 Marks)
Solution
Loading – used to load existing data files such as text files or sequential files into the database.
Backup – creates a backup copy of the database, usually by dumping the entire database onto tape
or other mass storage medium.
Database storage reorganization – can be used to reorganize a set of database files into different
file organizations and create new access paths to improve
performance.
Performance monitoring - monitors database usage and provides statistics to the DBA.
CASE tools – used in the design phase of database systems.
Data Dictionary System is another tool that can be quite useful in large organizations.
4. Discuss the main categories of data models. (5 Marks)
Solution
The three main categories of data models are as follows:
 high-level (conceptual data model) - provides concepts the way a user perceives data
- entity - real world object or concept to be represented in db
- attribute - some property of the entity
- relationship - represents and interaction among entities
 representational (implementation data model) - hide some details of how data is stored,
but can be implemented directly
- record-based models like relational are representational
 low-level (physical data model) - provides details of how data is stored
- record formats
- record orderings
- access path (for efficient search)
5. Discuss the differences between database systems and information retrieval systems. (5 Marks)
Solution
Generally, database technology applies to structured and formatted data that arises in routine
applications. Information Retrieval (IR) uses an alternate approach to generate information. Data
is indexed, cataloged, and annotated using keywords.IR is concerned with searching for material
based on these keywords, and with the many problems dealing with document processing and
free-form text processing. There has been a considerable amount of work done on searching for
text based on keywords, finding documents and ranking them based on relevance, automatic text
categorization, classification of text documents by topics, and so on

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 Tutorial-I
Roll No.
Marks (25)
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